Engineering and Technology Journal

Production of Lightweight Clay Bricks Using Polymer Wastes

basil salah mohammed; Sadiq N. Al-Ebrahimy

Volume 36, 8A , August 2018, , Page 823-831

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.36.8A.1

Abstract

In this study, different percentages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of the soil) of chopped polymeric (plastic bottles with maximum particle size 2.36 mm and 1.18 mm in addition to ... Read More ... In this study, different percentages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of the soil) of chopped polymeric (plastic bottles with maximum particle size 2.36 mm and 1.18 mm in addition to rubber tires of 0.6 mm max particle size) wastes are incorporated with soil to produce lightweight clay bricks, to find the optimum percentage satisfying the requirements of bricks grade C using for non-structural walls (partitions).The effects of different types and percentages of the polymeric wastes on firing shrinkage, density, water absorption, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the fired bricks were studied. Results indicate that it is possible to incorporate not more than 8% of chopped rubber tires or not more than 6% of chopped bottles to the clay soil to produce lightweight fired clay bricks satisfying the compressive strength and water absorption requirements for grade C of bricks (used for partitions) according to the Iraqi specification IQS 25/1988, in addition to reducing the thermal conductivity by 13-17% which is desirable as it will reduce the energy required for heating and cooling. Also, found that the size of the incorporated particles of plastic wastes in clay, used for bricks manufacturing, did not have a significant effect on the different studied properties of bricks. In addition to, the incorporation of chopped rubber tires, having smaller particles size and more sphere particles shape, produce fired clay bricks with more homogeneous pores distribution and smaller size compared with clay brick incorporating chopped plastic wastes having flaky shape and larger particles size, leading to produce clay brick with higher density and strength, with lower water absorption. As a total results, the incorporation different types of polymeric wastes (chopped plastic bottles with 2.36 and 1.18 max size and chopped rubber tires) with percentages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of soil) , cause the firing shrinkage and water absorption to increase by (0.6-20.2%) and (3-43.5%) respectively, while the density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity decrease by (3.5-25.1%), (0.4-2.3%), and (2.1-31.9%) respectively with respect to the reference fired clay bricks, depending on the percentage, particles size, and type of the polymeric wastes addition.

Experimental Behavior of Self Compacting Concrete Corbels Strengthened with External CFRP

Sarmad Sh. Abdulqader; Basil Salah Al-Shathr; Ali Kh. Hasan

Volume 36, 2A , February 2018, , Page 154-162

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.36.2A.6

Abstract

This research aims to study the influence of using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips as an external strengthened and repairing material on the behavior of self-compacting ... Read More ... This research aims to study the influence of using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips as an external strengthened and repairing material on the behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) Corbels. The experimental work involved testing twenty self-compacting concrete corbels specimens. The experimental work is divided into two parts; the first part consists of three groups to investigate the most effective direction, position, bonding type and amount of CFRP strips on the behavior of corbels and utilized it in practice, also to strengthen new variables that are investigated in the second part. Two groups in part one are strengthened with different numbers of inclined and horizontal direction of CFRP strips, while in the third group the specimens were strengthened with strips of CFRP having different directions and bond types to improve the strength capacity and behavior of corbels. This improvement is represented by increase cracking load by about (94)% and increase in their ultimate load capacity of strengthening corbels which varies from about (19 to 88)%. While the second part of experimental work included the following variables: shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d), amount of horizontal steel reinforcement stirrups and repaired damaged corbels. The reinforced concrete corbels in this part were strengthened and repaired by CFRP strips depending on optimum result that is produced from part one wherefrom position, direction and amount are considered. It was found for un-strengthened and strengthened corbels having same horizontal secondary reinforcement stirrups that when (a/d) ratio decreases from 0.65 to 0.4 causes increase in cracking and ultimate loads reach (55)% and (35.41)% respectively. For un-strengthened and strengthened corbels having same (a/d) ratio, it was found an increase in cracking load which varies from (6.66 to 34.78)% and from (18.18 to 52.63) % in ultimate load when horizontal secondary reinforcement stirrups are increased. It was also found repairing SCC corbels with CFRP strips causes an increase in ultimate load reaching up to (50)% with respect to un-strengthened specimens. From results it is concluded that strengthened or repaired corbels present stiffer load deflection response than corresponding un-strengthened corbel (control corbel).

Author = Al-Shathr, Basil Salah

Production of Lightweight Clay Bricks Using Polymer Wastes

Abstract

Experimental Behavior of Self Compacting Concrete Corbels Strengthened with External CFRP

Abstract