Engineering and Technology Journal

Experimental Investigation of Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Equilibrium of Nickel Ion Removal from Wastewater Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as the Adsorbent

Shurooq T. Remedhan

Volume 38, 7A , July 2020, , Page 1047-1061

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i7A.608

Abstract

In the present study commercial zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in the size of 30 nm were utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Ni (II) ion from synthetic waste aqueous solution. ... Read More ...

Textile Dye Removal by Activated Date Seeds

Seroor A. Khaleef; Huda T. Hamad

Volume 37, 2C , May 2019, , Page 242-247

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.37.2C.7

Abstract

The objective of the study was to prepare activated carbon from date seeds (ADS) and use it as a medium for textile dye adsorption. Batch adsorption of reactive green dye showed that ... Read More ...

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Investigation of Desalination by Refrigerant Clathrate Hydrate Formation

Shurooq T. AL-Hemeri; Riyadh S. AL-Mukhtar; Lina W. Mahmood

Volume 37, 1C , April 2019, , Page 29-44

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.37.1C.6

Abstract

Gas hydrate is a crystalline solid compound form of water with hydrophobic gas at certain conditions (pressure and temperature). The hydrogen bond in water molecules constructs a framework ... Read More ... Gas hydrate is a crystalline solid compound form of water with hydrophobic gas at certain conditions (pressure and temperature). The hydrogen bond in water molecules constructs a framework as a host that entraps gas molecules (gust). Gas hydrate can be applied to many industries such as gas separation, cool storage, food concentration and desalination. Hydrate route looks a promising alternative technology compared to the conventional process, by utilizing a proper gas host, which can be held within water cavities composed by hydrogen-bonded water molecules. In this study the selected host gas was Refrigerant R134a, the work consists of an experimental and theoretical investigation dealing with hydrate formation for the ternary system (water, refrigerant gas, salt) at different initial pressures, the salts were NaCl, KBr and NaF. Method of isochoric pressure search method was used to measure the pressure and temperature for hydrate formation and conduction the three phases of (hydrate-liquid-vapour). The measurements were performed with pressure range (0.1 - 0.4) MPa and the temperatures about (275.2 – 283)K at the concentrations of (0.09,0.17 and 0.26)mol/kg for each salt. The kinetics of R134a clathrate formation for ternary systems (R134a, water and salt) at various types and concentrations of salts. Many objective functions were obtained from the kinetic model for hydrate formation, such as the amount of gas consumed, the growth rate, and the conversion of the water to hydrate. The results showed the effect of the initial pressure on the gas consumed, the rate of growth and water to hydrate conversion, that when the initial pressure increase the moles of R134a gas consumed was increased due to the increased driving force of hydrate formation, also other functions were increased. While the increasing in the concentration of salt for all types will be decreased gas consumed, whereas water to hydrate conversion, the growth rate is slightly decreased. And from the results noticed the presence of different salts in the ternary systems have an effect on the thermodynamics inhibition of refrigerant hydrates and the inhibition increases with the presence of NaCl salt in the ternary system more than other types of salt and also increases with increase the concentration of salt.

Simple Method For Control of Phosphate Level of Manure Using Magnesium Oxide

Mahmood M. Barbooti

Volume 33, 4B , April 2015, , Page 677-689

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.4B.11

Abstract

A simple method is described for the reduction of available phosphate released from soaking manure in water. The method involves the indirect contact of magnesium oxide, MgO, with manure ... Read More ... A simple method is described for the reduction of available phosphate released from soaking manure in water. The method involves the indirect contact of magnesium oxide, MgO, with manure soaked in water for pre-specified time. Preliminary study indicated that phosphate could be removed effectively by MgO addition and the precipitation is accelerated by NH4Cl addition. Thus, and for economic reasons, the study was continued using only MgO. Two sets of experiments were carried out. Water was used for the extraction of manure by shaking for 2 h followed by press filtration. The aqueous phase was used for phosphate removal experiments. The weighed amount of MgO was placed in a cotton bag fixed to the stirring bar of a jar tester. The concentration of phosphate was monitored after equilibration for 0, 7, 30, 50, 89, 100, 120, 150 and 192 hours. In the other set of experiments, weighed amount of manure powder (Less than 2 mm diameter particles) was placed in 50-mL capacity capped plastic bottles (50 bottles) with various amounts of MgO: 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.4 and 2.0% (by weight MgO:Manure) in 9 bottles each. Water was added to the bottles to make 40 mL. The bottles were shaken on a rotary shaker at 250 rpm. One set of bottles containing the different amounts of MgO was removed from the shaker after 2 hours. The other sets were removed after 7, 10, 25, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 120 hours. Phosphate was determined in the filtered aqueous samples. The first seven hours was enough to cause a removal of 65-70% of phosphate from solution. The removal of the remaining part of phosphate required as long as 9 days. It was concluded that MgO in clothing bags may be suspended and moved inside manure-water suspension for 10 hours to extract the majority of the phosphate. The remaining manure may be used for fertilization with harmless phosphate content that may not result in the growth of undesirable water environment plants. The reacted oxide in the bags can then be used later as a slowly released phosphate source (Struvite) for plant application a matter that increase the economy of the method.

Removal of Ni (Ii) and Cd (Ii) Ions From Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on to Synthetic Zeolite

Alhassan H. Ismail; Zainab Ali Abd-aljaleel; Ali S. Jaffer

Volume 31, Issue 8 , June 2013, , Page 1497-1507

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.31.8A6

Abstract

In this study, the removal of Ni (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions using the adsorption process onto synthetic Zeolite has been investigated as a function of initial metal ... Read More ...

Effect of Transformation Temperature on Microstructure andMechanical Properties of Bainite

Hala Salman Hasan

Volume 30, Issue 13 , July 2012, , Page 2165-2174

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.13.1

Abstract

Fully bainitic microstructure can be obtained by isothermal transformation at temperatures within the range of bainite transformation. Both transformation temperature and time determine ... Read More ...

A Deactivation Correlation for Platinum Y-Zeolite in n-Hexane Isomerization

Haiyam Mohammed A. Al-Raheem

Volume 29, Issue 8 , June 2011, , Page 1451-1462

https://doi.org/10.30684/ etj.29.8.1

Abstract

The objective of the present work is to realize the kinetic modeling regarding deactivation of Pt-HY zeolite and monitor the isomerization reaction of n-hexane. The catalyst has been ... Read More ...

Keywords = kinetics

Experimental Investigation of Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Equilibrium of Nickel Ion Removal from Wastewater Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as the Adsorbent

Abstract

Textile Dye Removal by Activated Date Seeds

Abstract

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Investigation of Desalination by Refrigerant Clathrate Hydrate Formation

Abstract

Simple Method For Control of Phosphate Level of Manure Using Magnesium Oxide

Abstract

Removal of Ni (Ii) and Cd (Ii) Ions From Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on to Synthetic Zeolite

Abstract

Effect of Transformation Temperature on Microstructure andMechanical Properties of Bainite

Abstract

A Deactivation Correlation for Platinum Y-Zeolite in n-Hexane Isomerization

Abstract