Engineering and Technology Journal

This work aims to protect homes against danger, damage, and any criminal activity using Passive Infrared (PIR) and LASER sensors. Depending on cutting beam that emitted from the laser source or from PIR, there are three cases to warn; the first case (without GSM (Global System Mobile)) to issue a warning aerobically by sound. The second case (with GSM modem and Arduino), will be sent a warning SMS (Short Message Service) directly to the user through GSM Networks. In addition, final case with GSM and Arduino, gives the order to the phone (Nokia 6500) snapped a picture and is sent to the user depending on GSM networking MMS (Multimedia Message Service). The LASER sensor is used to detect any move depending on cutting beam. The PIR is used to detect a human body. In addition, the devise cannot work until activated by the user through the password (to activate protection device) as well as confidential in the same way it is closed. This system is built with open source hardware (Arduino uno 328). Beside to software has been the use of Micro C language in programming microcontroller (Arduino uno 328) addition to Proteus program to simulate the work of Ardino.

Security is an important issue, especially in today’s technologically advanced society. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a world-wide standard for digital wireless communication. GSM uses A5/1 stream cipher in order to provide privacy on air communication. This paper introduce new improvements to the A5/1 stream cipher in order overcome the weakness that appear in clocking mechanism that used in A5/1 stream cipher. New S-box generation is proposed to increase the efficient for A5/1 majority function and improve randomness features. The randomness results confirm that the output bit-stream generated by the proposed stream cipher has improved the randomness performance.

The aim of this paper is to develop a wireless sensor network to measure and analyze energy consumption in buildings and to investigate the bounds of coverage in different building construction materials. The performance of the designed system is evaluated in different indoor channel conditions using both computer simulations and hardware measurements. The basic design elements include current sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless transceivers implemented using GSM/GPRS platform and ZigBee technology. The use of GSM/GPRS platform makes it possible to control or gather information about the system from anywhere just by sending a request using SMS. Many measurements have been done to find the exact limitation of the designed system in terms of coverage and signal strength in the presence of objects of different materials including: cardboard, metal, concrete bricks, wood and corkboard. The results show that the metal represents the worst material in terms of signal strength reduction. At 4m distance between the base station and the sensing node, the loss in signal strength are 15, 20, 21 and 32 dBm when using metal as compared with cardboard, corkboard, wood and concrete bricks respectively.

In this work Hata, Lee, Walfisch-Ikegami and Free Space Loss models have
been compared with practical path loss based on series of measurements in Karada
district in Baghdad for GSM900 downlink band. Hata model showed the closest
path loss predictions with mean square error = 10.8 dB, but these results are far
from good prediction results and need enhancement. Hata model was optimized
using Least Squares method based on measured received signal power. The
optimized Hata model showed much better results from the original Hata with
mean square error = 6.96 dB. The simulation and calculations were implemented
using MATLAB R2009b. The measurements were done using Field Test Display
(FTD) with a compatible hand phone to measure signal strength. A Ground
Positioning System (GPS) was used to measure the distance from transmitter.