Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, we reported that the annealing at temperatures of 400  and 500 oC in the air for 2 hours led to the formation of rod-like structures of cupric oxide thin films prepared by the chemical bath deposition technique. The structure and the optical properties of the prepared thin films were studied to investigate the role of annealing on the films. The morphology of the as-deposited CuO films is almost structureless. However, the films are converted to rod-like shapes nano-structures after annealing, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.  The x-ray analysis showed that the thin films of copper oxide nano-structures have a monoclinic crystallinity preferred in the (110), (002), and (111) directions, and the crystallinity increases after annealing. Furthermore, the bandgap values after annealing are reduced from 2.1 to 1.61 and 1.63 eV as determined by optical analysis utilizing UV–VIS spectroscopy.

In this work carbon nitride was synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of graphite in ammonium solution. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to study the bonding, absorption, size and morphology of the carbon nitride nanoparticles. The FTIR absorption peak at 2121.6, 1631.7, 1384 cm-1 stretching vibration bond, it is inferred that the C ≡ N, C = N and C-N, respectively. Bonds suggested the formation carbon nitride nanoparticles. UV absorption peaks coincide with the electronic transitions corresponding to formation carbon nitride C3N4 and monocyanopolyynes. The TEM image showed the aggregation of the carbon nitride nanoparticles with size ranges from (4 to 83.3 nm); the Leaf- like structure is shown in the structure of carbon nitride suspension.

In2O3 thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method using the pneumatic spray set-up and compressed air as a carrier gas. Aqueous solutions containing InCl3.4H2O were deposited onto preheated glass sheets at substrate temperatures Ts=423–573K. X-ray differection (XRD) analysis confirmed the cubic bixbyite structure of indium oxide. The preferred growth orientation along the (211) plane for thin films. The crystallite size extracted from the XRD data corroborates the changes in full width at half maximum due to the variation in substrate temperature. It was shown that grain size of In2O3 thin film was (30)nm. Optical properties of In2O3 was studies and showed that the optical parameters (n, k α) were affected by substrate temperature.