Engineering and Technology Journal

This research is performed to study and investigate the influence of adding some ketone compounds on performance, emissions, and heat balance of spark ignition engine. The compound used in this study is butanone (C₄H₈O). The importance of the research lies in increasing the octane number by adding specific percentages of butanone and showing its impact on improving the combustion process, performance and reducing pollutants. This ketone has been added to the basic fuel (gasoline) with three concentration ranges (3, 6 and 9%), respectively.  All experimental tests were carried out on gasoline engine type (Nissan QG18DE), four cylinders, and 4-stroke. The acquired results showed that adding of ketones affects the physical properties of gasoline, where the density changed from (710 kg/m³) for net gasoline to (724 kg/m³) for butanone at an adding ratio of (9%). The octane number also increased for all types of ketones compared with pure fuel, and it will be improved from (86) for pure gasoline to (93.1) for butanone at an adding ratio of (9%). While the calorific value will be decreased from (43000 kJ/kg) for gasoline to (41665.44) for butanone at an adding ratio of (9%). The addition of ketones improves the emissions characteristic of the engine. The best reductions of (UHC, CO2, CO and NOx) were (47.51, 24.9, 27.35 and 35.91%), respectively recorded by butanone addition at a ratio of (9%). In the case of performance, the best increments of brake power, brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency were (14.5, 7, 14.94 and 11.64%), respectively, which is achieved by adding (9%) of butanone.

The effect of humidification of the air on the performance of a compression ignition engine operating on diesel, biodiesel with nano additives was investigated. The experiment was carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated water-cooled, direct injection Ricardo (E6/US) diesel engine at a constant speed of 1800 rpm, and varying loads. A mixture of Biodiesel (waste cooking oil) and diesel fuel by four ratios (B5, B10, B15, and B20) was used in the experiment. Besides, five concentrations of Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3, with particle size 20 nm) as fuel-additives were prepared (10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 100 ppm), and added to the test fuels (Bio-Diesel).  Taguchi Method by DOE was used for the optimization in this investigation. The results of Taguchi Method experiments identified the biodiesel (B20), nano additive (100 ppm), relative humidity (65%). The experimental results manifested that BTE improved by 17.62% and BSFC decreased by 12.72%, while NOx and PM reduced by 8.45%, 24.17%, respectively.

Biodiesel fuel is a liquid biofuel produced by chemical process form new and used phytogenic oils, animal fats. Biodiesel fuels can be utilization alone or mixing with the pure diesel at different proportion. In the present work a diesel engine type (FIAT) , four cylinder, variable speed, direct injection was operated by sunflower oil methyl ester , biodiesel at different blend ratio . five different ratio of biodiesel blends 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume is used in this study and compared with using of pure diesel at variable loads and variable engine speed. The effect of biodiesel additive to pure diesel on the performance and emission characteristics. Adjust the engine speed at 1100 rpm by means of the engine tachometer and digital tachometer, and reduce the load gradually until the engine speed increased to 1900 rpm automatically by increments of 200 rpm. The BSFC for B20 It seems less than the other ratio of biodiesel blends, and the BTE of biodiesel blends is lower than the pure diesel but the B20 having high BTE in comparison with the other biodiesel- diesel mixtures. the UHC and CO emission for B20 is less than the biodiesel blends and pure diesel, but the NOX emission for B20 is lower than the other biodiesel blends and higher than pure diesel. The present work shows the B20 relatively is a better performance and combustion characteristic than that biodiesel blends ratio

The present experimental work is conducted to examine the influence of adding Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles to diesel fuel on the characteristic of the emissions and engine performance. The size of nanoparticles which have been added to diesel fuel to obtain nano-fuel is 20 nm. Three doses of Aluminum oxide were prepared (25, 50 and 100) ppm. The nanoparticles mixed with fuel by mechanical homogenous (manual electrical mixer) and ultrasonic processor. The study reveals that the adding of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to gas oil (Al2O3+DF) enhances the physical properties of fuel. Also, the adding of (Al2O3) reduce CO emissions by 20.5%, decrease NOx emission by 12.2%, increasing CO2 emissions by about 2.27% and decrease UHC emission about 13.5%. Furthermore, reduces the brake specific fuel consumption by 14.3%, decreasing the equivalence ratio by14.87% and improving the brake thermal efficiency by about 10.89%.

The global competition turbulent manufacturing environment, declining profit margin, customer demand for the high-quality product had a major impact on the manufacturer. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective elements of the continuous production system at Baghdad Company for Soft Drinks as a case study consecutive for two years. Production system has been investigated by employing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Overall Resources Effectiveness (ORE). As a result, OEE shows low average values of (11%) at 2014 to (9%) in 2015, while ORE values show an average of (8%) in 2014 and (7%) in 2015 respectively.

Evaluation and an experimental study of the performance of solar water distillation by using collector box with the aperture area of the water distillation of (1*0.6) m. The obtained results are shown that the amount of distilled water increased with increasing the solar radiation temperature. The highest solar water distillation efficiency was found equal to 11.4% for rainy and partially cloudy day between 8am to 10am for 12/4/2016. Also the second higher efficiency was found equal to 5.155 for a sunny day between 10am to 12 pm for 20/4/2016. The results indicated that the distilled water can be obtained on if even the weather condition very bad and the solar radiation very low as well as the higher amount of distilled water can be obtained at higher values of solar radiation intensity. Experimental results showed the higher ambient temperature lower the condensation, which lowering the amount of distilled water.

The late twentieth century saw clear sophisticated in information and multimedia technology, which
becoming a bigger influential in daily human life and also in the built environment posed by the need and
shape, so architecture Included all achievements that were produced by this technology, that’s current
research focus, Thus the emergence of the research problem of the "absence of a clear vision about the
nature of the relationship formulated by the media as the media surfaces of architecture with the receiver".
The goal of research Represent with trying to define what the media and media architecture clarify new
relationship with the receiver drafted by the type of sensory and behavioral impact through the formulation
of the surfaces of architecture. To achieve the objective search mode method of literature review of previous
dealt to define multimedia architecture such as offering in Search explains the meaning of a new type of
architecture witnessed by the architectural arena specific dimensions and goals, To move in the private
segment to illustrate the specificity and tools design represented-media and smart materials responsive
invented and achieved a new version of the architecture is different facads and its impact sensory behavioral
traditional and reach conclusions have been put through practical models (international, Arab and) were
accomplished.

The study presents optimized R432A charge by the index of power consumption of compressor and COP without changing the compressor. Test results showed that the best charge is 750 g for R432A which gave the highest coefficient of performance and less energy consumption. When charging the system with 750 grams, the amount of charge rate down to 42.3% compared with the original gas. The percentage increase in coefficient of performance are 9.85%, 8.39%, and 8.93% and the proportion of low energy consuming are 7.53%, 7.31%, and 7.34% at ambient temperatures of 30 ᵒC,34 ᵒC and 38 ᵒC respectively for R432A compared to R22. Increasing ambient temperature lead to increase in the power consumed and decrease coefficient of performance.

Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors are generally powered by
a conventional three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) or current source inverter
(CSI) which is controlled using rotor position. By varying the commutation
(switching) angles of the transistors in the inverter circuit, the performance of these
motors could be greatly varied. This can studied in this paper using the dynamic
motor model, which was performed using Matlab/Simulink software package. A
study on the influence of switching angles on motor performance shows that the
motor operates better when advancing the switching angle, and there is certain
angle at which the motor operates with the highest efficiency. An improvement of
the different operating characteristics of PMBLDC motor has been accomplished
by adjusting the chosen set of the switching angles and using appropriate
conduction angles.

The study is perhaps the first to evaluate and establish the relationship between
Quality, benchmarking, Reliability and globalization in industrial engineering activity
in Emirates, where the study was conducted on international companies operating in
Dubai. The study seeks to understand the impact & effect of globalization on all the
various topic of industrial engineering that distinguish implementing quality
management program, reliability program and ISO certified and benchmarking
companies from none implemented benchmarking or quality, reliability, ISO program.
Also the study tries to evaluate the effect of these factors on the organizational
performance. The study found a number of significant relationships between the
reliability, and globalization in industrial engineering activity. It also found support for
the argument that high reliability, high quality and benchmarking practices will
improve industrial engineering and at the end result will improve overall organizational
performance in large, medium and small global businesses. Therefore the results
achieve the goals of industrial engineering to eliminate wastes of time, cost, materials,
energy, and other resources to increase profits.

Owing to the energy crisis and pollution problems of today,
investigations have concentrated on decreasing fuel consumption and on
lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustion products by
using non-petroleum, renewable, sustainable and non-polluting fuels. While conventional energy sources such as natural gas, oil and coal are nonrenewable, alcohol can be coupled to renewable and sustainable energy
sources. In this study, the combustion characteristics and emissions of diesel fuel and ethanol blends were compared. The tests were performed at steady state conditions in a four-cylinder DI diesel engine at full load at 1500-rpm engine speed. The experimental results showed that diesel ethanol blends provided significant reductions in CO, unburned HC, and NOx. Ethanol blends had a 13.8% increase in brake-specific fuel consumption due to its lower heating value. The results indicated that ethanol may be blended with diesel fuel to be used without any modification on the engine