Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, the ability of the electrochemical process to remove aqueous high concentration phenol using an electrochemical cell with aluminum anode and cathode was examined. The removal rate of phenol was monitored using different parameters phenol concentration, pH, electrolysis time, current density, and electrode distance. Obtained results indicated that the low removal rates of phenol were observed at both low and high pH. However, the removal rate of phenol increased with an increase in the current density, each electrochemical process conditions need a certain electrodes distance. removal rate of phenol decreased with the increase in the initial phenol concentration. The maximum removal rate of phenol obtained from this study was 82%.

In this work, effluent wastewater treated by using cyclopentane-water Clathrate system to treat water contaminates with phenols at concentrations (300, 250, 200, 150, 100 and 50) ppm in order to investigate the capability of process performance. Clathrate or hydrate are strong crystal structures including water (host particles) and little particles (guest particles). The experiments were conducted at different cyclopentane-water volume ratios (1: 2 and 1: 4). The work was done in a 250 ml glass cell with an electric mixer at a constant speed of 280 cycles per minute. Phenol was highest removal percent at 300ppm at 1: 4volume ratio was (92.3%), while the lowest concentration at 50 ppm and 1: 2volume ratio was (55%). Yield and Enrich factor had the highest values at the lowest concentration 50ppm and 1:2 volume ratio were (85% and 2.42) respectively. The technique of the Clathrate proved that it has a high capacity in the separation and achieve high removal percentage compared to other methods at standard conditions when the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature higher than the degree of freezing water and less economic costs compared to other methods..

The aim of this study, using five types of AL-Fe pillared Iraqi clay to study catalyst wet air oxidation to oxide phenol from synthesis’s wastewater and study the limitation criteria in control of operating conditions. Two types of reactor (Batch and packed bed) used to study operation conditions and the best conditions result from Batch reactor was pressure 3.2Mpa, temperature 130⁰C, phenol concentration 500mg/l and pH 3.9, for packed bed reactor with AL-Fe pillared clays of Anbar-Erbil, Mosul, due to high phenol removal, in up-flow mode. The results show that phenol removal is 98-97.8-95% for Erbil-MosulAnbar respectively, when the LHSV used in reactor 0.6 h-1 , and gas flow 0.28cm/s, also it can be seen that the limitation criteria in control of operating conditions, and Mosul pillared consider more stable and activity than Erbil and Anbar.

Using agriculture waste products waste Tea (WT) and activated carbon
waste Tea (WT-GAC) as biosorbent for phenol from aqueous solution was
studied. Adsorption in this way more economical in comparison with other
conventional methods which are usually costly. Batch kinetics and isotherm
studies were carried out under varying experimental conditions of contact time,
phenol concentration, adsorbent dose and PH value. It was observed that the
adsorption process is instantaneous and attained equilibrium within 10 minutes for
activated carbon waste Tea and 30 minutes for waste Tea at phenol concentration
(100-600) mg/L. the adsorption of phenol increase with increasing the solution pH
value till pH 7 then it decrease with increasing pH value. The Freundlich and
Langmuir models were used for the mathematical description of adsorption
equilibrium and it was found that data fitted very well to the Freundlich models.

Adsorption studies for phenol removal from aqueous solution onto commercial
Powdered Activated Carbon were carried out. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies
were carried out under varying conditions of contact time, initial phenol concentration,
adsorbent dose and pH. The adsorption of phenol increases with increasing initial
phenol concentration and decreases with increasing the solution pH value. The
equilibrium data in aqueous solutions was well represented by the Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetics of adsorption followed a first order rate
equation. The studies showed that the Commercial Powdered Activated Carbon
can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of phenolics from
water and industrial wastewater.