Build a New Biological Treatment Laboratory System to Reduce Pollution of Some Inorganic and Organic Pollutants in Industrial Wastewater
text
article
2010
eng
Instruction and implementation of a new laboratory biological treatmentsystem -unit . The complete removing was achieved after 7 days . The hydraulicwere achieved to reduce the pollution of industrial wastewater of artificialfertilizers company with some inorganic pollutants ( NH4+, NO2-, NO3-ANDSO42- ) and organic ( Biological Oxygen Demand , BOD5 ; urea and TotalSuspended Solids ,TSS ). The modified culture media ,by me , were used tooptimize the specific variables related to this study . Immobilized technique wasused in all units of biological system that consists of Mixo- unit with non discretespaces, Denitrifying and Sulfate reducing units .The mixo-unit was operated by Fed- batch technique of the whole volumemeanwhile the other units by batch technique . In laboratory artificial medium(ND- A ) the primary concentration of ammonium and sulfate were 1300 mg / land 3800 mg / l and reduced to 50% and 45% respectively in Mixoretention timerequired to reduce 500 and 1300 mg / l of ammonium and sulfate respectively infed- batch culture was 40 hr . The retention time of fed- batch became stable at arange of 25 -26 hr in removing the same concentrations and not across theenvironmental limitations of NO2-, NO3- , in addition to reduce the BOD to theallowable concentration . The ammonium , nitrite and nitrate were reduced after 4and 3 days for pretreated and disposed treated wastewater respectively usingMixo- unit and batch technique . Nitrate was removed by concentration of 500 mg /l in denitrifying unit using the modified medium ( O3a – A) . The sulfate wasremoved in modified medium ( C- medium) by concentration of 2129 mg / lduring 3 days using batch technique and anaerobic conditions.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
420
433
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27278_903c5762d58a7627a52dee401fd8a81f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.15
Effect of Aluminizing Process on The Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Type (305)
text
article
2010
eng
The aim of this work is to study the thermal surface treatment by Aluminizingprocess of stainless steel (305) to modify the mechanical properties of the surfaceby pack cementation process. The coating process was done with various periodsof time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) hours and temperatures (900 1000 1100)°C. The resultsshowed that the thickness of coating layer was increased with the increment oftime and temperature. The microhardness values of coating layer was reducedfrom the outer surface to the core, also the results showed that the highestmicrohardness of the coating was obtained at period of (6) hours and temperatureof (900, 1000, 1100)°C, also the highest bending stress was obtained at the periodof (6) hours and at all temperature.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
434
443
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27279_2f9f4bc618c1694052017721b4c1a206.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.16
The Immunological And Cytogenetic Effects of Cars Exhaust on Exposed People
text
article
2010
eng
This investigation which was extended from Jan – Nov (2008) aimed tostudy the effects of cars smoke on the immunological and genetic parameters for(30) people exposed to cars smoke, their ages were ranging from (20-45) yearscompared with (15) rare exposed people as negative controls.Cytogenetic parameters were showed significant increase in the mitoticindex (MI), blastogenic index (BI), and chromosomal aberrations (CA), in exposedgroup.The immune stimulus was decreased significantly in exposed group byreducing the phagocytic percent and Phagocytic Index, the total count of W.B.C.were decreased significantly in the exposed people as well as the hemoglobinconcentration as compared with rare exposed people, while the differential count ofW.B.C. showed decreasing in both of the lymphocytes and monocytes while theeosenophile raised in number in exposed people.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
444
453
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27280_d625d9c05790c7394e9b75dcf1e24f6a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.17
An Experimental Study on The Effect of Permeable Slot Width on The Performance of Two - Dimensional Diffuser
text
article
2010
eng
The present study deals with incompressible turbulent flow. The flowregarded as fully developed in two-dimensional diffuser. For completion of thisstudy a number of test models of modified diffusers designed and manufacturedwith a six modified diffuser models were designed and manufactured with (3, 4mm) permeable slot and each with (10◦ ,15◦ , 20◦) divergent angle . The air wasused as working fluid during the experimental Program at different Reynoldsnumbers ranging between (6.85 × 104) to (1.64 × 105) at the duct inlet.The results obtained showed that location of separation delayed by decreasingthe divergent angle and increasing the Reynolds number. The static pressurecoefficient recovery increased with the decreasing the diffuser area ratio(AR).Also, the width of the permeable slot (4mm) in the modified diffuser atdivergent angles (10◦,15◦,20◦), enhances the static pressure coefficient recovery(Cp) over the case of permeable slot of (3mm) with (23.25%),( 27.33%), and(33.61%), respectively, and for the case of permeable slot of (2mm) with(29.22%), (34.74%) and (40.88%), respectively, and with the case of nopermeable slot with (410.13%) , (44.09%), and (51.01%), respectively.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
454
466
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27281_bf679eee3992a4c9b4eced43fc6b1edd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.18
Synchronous Comparison of Different Solar Water Heaters Design
text
article
2010
eng
In this paper an experimental study of different design of solar water heaterswas carried out. all the used solar water heaters work on the thermosiphone theory.The experimental study includes testing of four solar water heaters. The first one isa Evacuated tube solar heater flat produced by Denka-China. The second one is aflat plate solar water heater produced by the general company for electricalindustries/Baghdad, it's in working since 2001 and it was used for testing aftersimple maintenance. The third one is a flat plate solar water heater produced bysolar energy research center/Baghdad, which is in work in 2007, it is similar to thefirst one but with some differences in design and material . The last one is aportable type - solar water heater.The testing was done for a period of time from February to July 2007. Theperformance was tested of the collectors with no load conditions and with differentrate of load conditions. The no load testing results showed that performance for thesolar water heater produced by Denka Company is better than other solar waterheaters. The flat plate solar water heater produced by solar energy research centerhave good performance and it’s the nearest to the performance of a Evacuated tube solar heaters from otheres heaters. Water withdraw results show an improvement indaily efficiency for the four solar water heaters, where the efficiency ofsolar water heaters is (55% - 66%) for the first heater, (48% - 57%) for the secondheater, (51% - 62%) for the third heater and (20% - 35%) for the fourth heater.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
467
478
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27282_193e3d0a22d41964e7f67833971e2d10.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.19
Production of Single Cell Protein From Industrial Waste by Aspergillus Niger
text
article
2010
eng
Single cell protein (SCP) was yield by using of bioreactor from A. nigerwhich is grown on the waste paper. The yields for both cases; in the fifth day was9.06gm/L regardless chemical treatment and third day was 18.90 with chemicaltreatment.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
479
484
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27283_a15ac04054a9c3aca5c26fe4ac44ef70.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.20
FPGA Simulation of Type-3 Feistel Network of The 128 bits Block Size Improved Blowfish Cryptographic Encryption
Ashwaq
Talib Hashim
author
Yousra
A. Mohammed
author
Ekhlas
H. Karam
author
text
article
2010
eng
Reprogrammable devices such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)are highly attractive options for hardware implementations of encryption algorithmsas they provide cryptographic algorithm agility, physical security, and potentiallymuch higher performance than software solutions , therefore this paper investigates ahardware design to efficiently implement block ciphers in VHDL based on FPGA’s.This hardware design is applied to the new secret-key block cipher called 128-bitsimproved Blowfish is proposed which is an evolutionary improvement of 64-bitsBlowfish designed to meet the requirements of the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) to increase security and to improve performance. The proposed algorithm willbe used a variable key size up to 192 bytes. It is a Type-3 Feistel network iteratedsimple function 16 times.The resources used to implement the design just described are: the VHDLhardware description language, an FPGA platform from Xilinx and the XilinxSynthesis Technology (XST) software synthesis tools that belong to ISE 9.2i package.The device of choice is the XCV600-4fg680 belonging to the Virtex family ofdevices.In this paper, a pipeline and sequential methods are used to get a highthrougput (2.893Gbps) and a low area hardware design respectively.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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9
no.
2010
1707
1718
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27264_f11a87823deba5beb38ef5f9f3758b1f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.1
Effect of Chemical Solutions on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composite Reinforced With Glass Fibers
Emad
S. AL-Hassani
author
text
article
2010
eng
Hand lay-up molding is used for preparing sheets of epoxy compositesreinforced with chopped strand mat (randomly direction) glass fibers by weightfraction of (44%). The sheets were left to solidify at room temperature (23± 2) ˚C. Thesamples immersed in (HCL, KOH, distilled water, Benzene, and Kerosene) for equalperiod of time at constant temperature (23± 2) ˚C. The impact and compressivestrength were calculated for the samples before and after immersion in differentchemical solutions.The results shown that the impact strength of the samples that immersed in(HCL, KOH) solutions were decreased after immersion, while the impact strength ofthe samples immersed in (distilled water, Benzene, Kerosene) were increased afterimmersion.The results showed also that the compression strength of the samplesimmersed in (HCL, KOH, distilled water) decreased after immersion, while thecompressive strength of the samples immersed in (Benzene, Kerosene) were increasedafter immersion. Finally the results showed that the maximum relative mass gain(minimum absorption resistance) was of the samples immersed in (HCL) solution inboth impact and compression test. While the minimum relative mass gains (maximumabsorption resistance) was of the samples immersed in (KOH) solution in both tests
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
1719
1727
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27265_0be24a45a979a510f964a3a74f682e55.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.2
Surface Area of Porous Silicon
Mayasa
AbdulWahid Shanon
author
Mayada
Mouhsen
Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology/Baghdad
author
Bassam
Rasheed
College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad /Baghdad
author
text
article
2010
eng
The surface area of porous silicon layers produced by different methods hasbeen measured in this work. It is found that the surface area of the porous siliconis optimum when high laser power density is used to etch n –type silicon wafer viathe laser induced etching process compared with that for porous silicon producedby lower laser power density or by electrochemical etching process. A scanningelectron microscope (SEM) micrographs were used to estimate the surface area.The surface area of the porous layer is strongly dependent on the porous layergeometry and its depth.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
1728
1734
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27266_9a5e1655e3650d66be09129ebfba922b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.3
Inverse Kinematics-Based Trajectory Generation For Robot-Assisted 3D Surface Machining
Wissam
K. Hamdan Sarraji
author
text
article
2010
eng
Machining and tracking of 3D surfaces using industrial robot is not a newmethod, but the new in this paper is the use of simple trigonometric relations inthe calculations of robots joints variables by using the inverse kinematicsapproach rather than the previous conventional methods like forward kinematics,decoupling, and sensor based machining. Calculations of the joints variables aremainly based on knowing the robot reference point (origin point) and thecoordinates of the tip of the end effectors which is the cutter contact point (CC-P)at the surface. The coordinate of the cutter location point (CL-P) is the coordinateof the normal vector that passing through the intended cutter contact point. Thejoints variables are calculated based on simple trigonometric relationships. Theresults of the proposed method are verified based on hand-made simulationprograms organized for this purpose. The simulation results explore the highaccuracy and efficiency of the proposed method and its high speed in prediction ofjoints variables.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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9
no.
2010
1735
1746
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27267_c796532dc3261834bd3971b803ea601e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.4
Simple Sliding Mode Controller with Adaptive Fuzzy Saturation Function for Nonlinear Single Input-Single Output System
Hanady
A. Jaber
author
Nahida
N.Kadhim
author
Samyaa
Y. Muhammad
author
text
article
2010
eng
Sliding mode control algorithm that uses fuzzy saturation function is designed inthis paper for nonlinear system. The fuzzy saturation function is suggested to improvethe accuracy and the robustness of the sliding mode control which are partially lostwhen using a fixed boundary layer. The fuzzy saturation function is simple, in thesense that both the membership functions and the rule base are simple. The overallcontrol algorithm has stability assurance for the closed-loop controlled system;therefore, it may be applied to control different systems, in this paper this algorithm isapplied on nonlinear SISO system with 10%parameter uncertainty and nonlineardisturbance. Simulation results show that the developed algorithm has good controlperformance with negligible chattering.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
1747
1756
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27268_ede7e398f07c95530f19f985e76bb98e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.5
Scabbing and Perforation Local Effect of Impactors on Concrete Structures
Eyad
K. S. Al-hachamee
author
Hussein
A.Azeez
author
text
article
2010
eng
This paper only deals with the effect of hard missile impact (impacting missileis so stiff that its deformability is negligible to the target deformability) and missilevelocity between 28 to 103m/s are considered. Available formulae for predictionthe scabbing and perforation thickness of concrete structure impacted by solidmissile are summarized and reviewed. Based on statistical analysis of existing data,two new more safe formulae have been proposed for predicting the scabbing andperforation thickness of concrete structures due to impact by solid missiles. Thenew scabbing and perforation thickness formulae include, missile parameter whichare weight of the missile(W), diameter of the missile(D), velocity of the missile(V), and target parameter which are concrete member thickness (t), and concretemember strength (fc'). The simplified formulae for scabbing and perforationthickness of concrete structure impacted by solid missile are presented in terms ofpenetration depth (Xp). Comparison between present scabbing and perforationthickness of concrete structures impacted by solid missile with other researchresults are presented.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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no.
2010
1757
1770
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27269_a16922a43c340dbb6f32bf25f0a729d6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.6
Wettability of Al2O3 by Aluminum and Al-Mg Alloys
M.
S. Waheed
author
Ali
I. Salih
author
text
article
2010
eng
The wettablity at a liquid of pure-Al or Al-Mg alloys/ Al2O3 interface wasevaluated by the sessile drop method at 700oC and with a vacuum pressure of10-4Pa. The value of contact angle varies (decreases) with time of contact withAl2O3 substrate. The reduction in θ of the Al-Mg alloy was proportional to thereduction in surface tension γlv of Al, and to reactions that took place at the Alalloy/Al2O3 interface.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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no.
2010
1771
1777
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27270_6a5b880d1f20e44e10417de429eae53f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.7
Experimental Study and Theoretical Model Described Transition Regime Parameters and Hydrodynamic Parameters in a Gas-Liquid Dispersion Column
Fadi
Z. Hanna
author
text
article
2010
eng
Experimental study of total gas hold-up, bubble diameters and rise velocity ofthe swarm of bubbles, and regime transition point in dispersion column. Theexperimental runs were carried out in two perspex columns of 7.5 cm and 15 cm insidediameter. The present work investigated the effect of two system of two-liquid phase(air-water, and air-aqueous-n-propanol solution) in the range (0.05-0.7Wt%),superficial air velocity in the range (0.025-0.3 cm/s) and two air distributor plates of1.5 mm diameter holes (i.d.= 7.5 cm, holes=36 and free area=1.4%, and i.d.= 15 cmholes=121 and free area=1.2%). In this paper, a Krishna et al., 1999 model has beenimproved, and the combination of this improved model with derived drift flux modelhave been described the hydrodynamics of dispersion column operating inhomogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes (i.e. transition regime parameterest ransand Utrans ). Photographic technique was used by taking three pictures in different view(different angle) of the dispersion column, to measure the hydrodynamic parameters.From the experimental data, it was found that the addition of a small amount of npentanolto distilled water and varying dispersion column diameter, is the main factorthat affects, the transition flow regime. Also the experimental results show that thevalues of total gas hold-up for air-aqueous n-pentanol solution system are greater thanthe values for air-water system, but the values of total gas hold-up decrease withdispersion column diameter for two systems.The experimental data show that the values of total gas hold-up and superficial airvelocity at transition regime varied with the weight percent of n-pentanol by fitting ofsecond order polynomial regressions for the two dispersion column diameters:
Engineering and Technology Journal
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no.
2010
1778
1801
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27271_30a21c916687c90d0369e9455000ca2e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.8
Effect of Cross Section Properties on Flat Plate Behavior
Awadh
O. Ajeel
author
text
article
2010
eng
On the wise of structural advantages of flat plate slab systems, theresearches still deal with punching shear hazards and solution techniques foradopting a rational design comes from experimental investigations. Beside thatthere is a rapid development in production the high performance concretes usingchemical additives and wide spectrum of different features fibers which availadditional options for the structural designers.The present work is an experimental study adopts the comparison betweenuniform concrete sections with specific strength and hybrid sections (consists oftwo different layers with different strength in the top half and the bottom one) toprovide reinforced concrete flat plate slabs and conclude the more advantageoption for improving their behaviors against eventual punching shear failure.Normal strength, high strength and fibrous concrete with (34, 48 and 21) MPacompressive strength respectively are used to produce the slabs in this study.The results revealed the preference of the high strength uniform section inimproving the slab behavior besides increasing its ultimate load twice incomparison with a hybrid section contains high strength concrete at the top halfonly and there is no advantage from increasing the tension zone strength on thehybrid section slab behavior except the ductility.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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9
no.
2010
1802
1815
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27272_6a2b74be39599f9f4cbb0de75f50f0c0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.9
Fuzzy Hilbert Spaces
Jehad
R.Kider
author
Ragahad
Ibrahaim Sabre
author
text
article
2010
eng
we introduce the definition of afuzzy inner product space and discuss someproperties of this space,and we use the definition of fuzzy inner product space tointroduced anew definitions such that the definition of fuzzy Hilbert space ,Fuzzyconvergence, ,Fuzzy complete,and we studied the relation between ordinary innerproduct space and fuzzy inner product space.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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v.
9
no.
2010
1816
1824
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27273_d32b5627270f7d0044bcc1380c4e3fbd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.10
Corrosion and Hydrogen Attack of Pipelines in Oil and Gas Fields
Sami
I. J. AL-Rubaiey
author
text
article
2010
eng
Conditions for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion of pipeline in oil,gas, and gas-condensate fields are discussed. Various factors are shown to affect theCO2 and H2S corrosion rate of steel in oil and gas field media. Protective propertiesof sulfide film as a function of partial pressures of H2S and CO2, pH and temperaturesare studied.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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v.
9
no.
2010
1825
1835
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27274_9e505c8e49e4022dc7f00ef905acead8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.11
Influence of Anchorage on the Behavior of CFRP RC Beams in Flexure
Samir
F. Dawood
author
Sabih
Z. Al-Sarraf
author
text
article
2010
eng
This research study involves experimental and theoretical investigations of thebehavior of flexural debonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminateswith steel anchorages. A total of nine reinforced concrete beam specimens with crosssection of (150mm width by 250mm height and 2000mm length) were investigated inthis study to observe the flexural strength of each one. Eight beam specimens werestrengthened with CFRP laminates and one beam specimen was tested withoutstrengthening. The experimental results showed that the use of CFRP strips as externalstrengthening has significant positive effect on ultimate loads, crack patterns anddeflections. The percent of increasing of the ultimate load capacity can be increased byabout 65% when using two layers of CFRP strips instead of one layer. The ultimateload is increased by about 118% for the beams strengthened with bonded CFRP andexternal anchorage with respect to the reference beam. Three-dimensional nonlinearfinite element analysis (i.e. ANSYS - version 9.0 computer program ) is used toinvestigate the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP.The comparison between the numerical and the experimental results asserted that goodvalidity of the numerical analysis and the methodology developed in this study.
Engineering and Technology Journal
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9
no.
2010
1836
1853
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27275_1a7052bf5b49c5a162e3e055ea6387a0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.12
Design and Simulation of Linear Array Antenna Using Koch Dipole Fractal Antenna Elements for Communication Systems Applications
Fawwaz
Jinan Jibrael
author
Mohanad
Ahmed Abdulkareem
author
text
article
2010
eng
In this paper, the fractal concept has been used in the linear array antennadesign to obtain multiband operation. The fractal linear array antenna has beendesigned at a frequency of 750 MHz with equal spacing and uniform amplitudedistribution of the elements array. 1st iteration quadratic Koch curve dipole fractalelement is used in design of the array. The proposed antenna array design, analysisand characterization had been performed using the Method of Moment (MoM)technique. The radiation pattern, side lobe level (SLL), directivity (D), and inputimpedance of the proposed antenna are described and simulated using 4NEC2software package and MATLAB programming language version 7.6.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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9
no.
2010
1854
1861
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27276_3b4e3bc551a3ec276c2e891379984e02.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.13
Simple Learning Classifier Machine
Lubna
Bashir
Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology / Baghdad
1862
author
Hind
.A.Alrazzaq
author
text
article
2010
eng
A learning classifier system is one of the methods for applying a genetic-basedapproach to machine learning applications. An enhanced version of the system thatemploys the Bucket-brigade algorithm to reward individuals in a chain of co-operatingrules is implemented and assigned the task of learning rules for classifying simpleobjects. The task is to classify an object that has one or more of the following features:wing, 2-legs/wheels, 3-legs/wheels, 4-legs/wheels, big, flies into one of the following:bird, vehicle. the main goal is to exploit the ability of the algorithm to perform well in anoisy environment and its ability to make little or no assumption about its problemdomain. Results are presented which show that the system was able to learn rules forthe task using only a few training examples and starting with classifiers that wererandomly generated. It is argued that a classifier based learning method requires littletraining examples and that by its use of genetic algorithms to search for new plausiblerules, the method should be able to cope with changing conditions. Results show alsoThe parallel implementation of the algorithm would speed up the training process.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
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9
no.
2010
1862
1879
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27277_93ed55f48910a66223880c472941669d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.9.14