Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Method by Pulse Laser Ablation
Adawiya
Haider
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Technology/ Baghdad
author
Zainab
Jameel
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Technology/ Baghdad
author
Samar
Taha
College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad /Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
Nanocrystalline titania powder was prepared at room temperature via sol-gel method; using TiCl4 as precursor and absolute ethanol solution. After mixing, the gel solution was formed. Then the sol-gel dried and calcined at different temperatures. The size of the prepared nanoparticles was reduced by Nd-YAG Pulse Laser Ablation (PLA). The characterization of the TiO2 Nanoparticles in two phases was carried out by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to investigate the phase structure. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) result shows the particle size of nanoparticles after laser ablation less than 10 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to obtain the surface morphological studies Results showed that anatase was the only phase in titanium oxide powders up to 500 °C, when the calcination increased in the region of 900 °C the phase transformation from anatase to rutile occurred in the TiO2 nanopowders. This paper shows a comparison between two phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles (anatase and rutile). Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) to study the vibrational frequencies between the bonds of atoms for synthesized TiO2 Nanoparticles. The Crystalline size of TiO2 Nanoparticles obtained was between (15 -70) nm for anatase at 500 °C and rutile at 900 °C. In FTIR analysis, all the peaks observed were around (400-700) cm-1 due to stretching and bending vibrations.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
761
771
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108889_6e3c109dcbb68ddf01371a621511f079.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.1
Design and temporal control study of multi-LC network medical Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) system
Walid
Hamoudi
Laser Physics Division, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology/Baghdad.
Email: wjuaini2007@ yahoo.com
author
Raid
Ismail
Laser Physics Division, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology/Baghdad
author
Hussein
Shakir
Laser Physics Division, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology/Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
Intense Pulsed Light systems employ flash lamps as optical sources to provide the required light intensity with certain temporal profile for use in a large number of medical applications; namely, the aesthetic ones. Driving a flash lamp requires high voltage DC power supply, capacitive energy storage, and flash lamp triggering unit. Single and double-mesh discharge and triggering circuits were designed and built to provide intense light pulses of variable time durations. Variable energy and duration intense light pulses needed in aesthetic medical applications were obtained. The system was treated as circuit with a light pulse profile follows the temporal behavior of the exciting current pulse. Distributing the energy delivered to one lamp on to a number of LC meshes permitted longer current pulses, and consequently, increased the light pulse length and shortened its current rise time.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
772
778
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108890_fc3e792a1d9624df654b841ae0c77fd7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.2
Theoretical Description for Zitterbewegung of electrons in SWCNT (Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes)
M.
Majid
College of Education ,University of Basrah / Basrah .
Email: majid_alsamer@yahoo.com
author
S.
Savinskii
Udmurt State University, Izhevsk , Udmurtia , Russian Federation
author
text
article
2015
eng
The problem of the time evolution of localized quantum states for electrons in the semiconducting and metallic single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are studied analytically and numerically. In the long-wave approximation , where a is the interatomic distance of carbon atoms in the graphene lattice, the carrier wave vector of the wave packet, we consider the time evolution of localized quantum states by using a model Hamiltonian. The localized quantum states are interpreted as a superposition of the valence band and the conduction band. The dynamic of the wave packet which is represented by localized quantum states in carbon nanotubes was considered with cylindrical symmetry. The time dependent average values of the angular and axial coordinate operators and its oscillations behavior are calculated. In addition, we taken into account the effect of an external magnetic field which is applied along the axis of carbon nanotube. The evaluations of the frequency and amplitude of zitterbewegung in the carbon nanotube are presented, which can be used for the experimental prospective studies in the nanoelectronic applications.Heisenberg representation in the present study are used to evaluate the average values of the coordinate operators , furthermore , Schrödinger representation are used for interpreting the results of the trembling motion (Zitterbewegung) in the carbon nanotubes.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
779
790
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108891_0598b578607fd2850b8f56dc0cd22b04.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.3
Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles by laser ablation of zinc in isopropanol
Fattin
Fadhil
Applied Science Department, University of Technology/ Baghdad.
author
Iman
Hadi
Applied Science Department, University of Technology/Baghdad.
author
text
article
2015
eng
In this work preparation and characterization of a zinc metal target in isopropanol liquid at room temperature is carried out by PLAL technique at different laser fluency. The effect of laser fluencies during laser ablation process on the structure properties of the NPs is investigated.We have use UV-visible spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used to evaluate the bulk atomic composition of NPs. The absorption peak of samples prepared in isopropanol solution is seen to be substantially blue shifted relative to that of the bulk zinc oxide due to the strong confinement effect. The technique offers an alternative for preparing the nanoparticles of active metal. The morphological investigation, carried out using (AFM), showed thatthe root mean square roughness is increased and the grain size of the obtained NPs are found to increase with the laser fluency.The use of isopropanol as solvent yielded spherical nanoparticles of 30–60 nm.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
791
798
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108892_a1b7521cbdeb0da2b65b46a9333411e8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.4
Conductance-Voltage Characteristics of Single Molecule Junction: in Resonant Tunneling Regime
Fouad
Ajeel
College of Science,Thi Qar University/Thi Qar.
author
Jenan
AL-Mukh
Education for Pure Sciences College /Basarh.
author
Lafy
Al-Badry
College of Science,Thi Qar University/Thi Qar.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Electronic transport characteristics through a single molecule junction are investigated by using the Keldysh non equilibrium Green function (NEGF) model. The model consists of a molecular bridge (represented by a molecular orbital) attached with two free electron reservoirs (represents two metallic leads) and it is coupled with a vibrational degree of freedom (represents a molecular vibrational mode). The behavior of the electronic transfer through the molecular junction becomes more clearly visible by studying of the conductance-voltage characteristics. The numerical calculations are done based on this model to study the changes in conductance behavior through a single molecule junction in the resonant tunneling regime. According to our results, the conductance-voltage characteristics are influenced by (I) the electron-vibration interaction, (II) the molecular bridge-leads coupling strength, (III) the junction temperature, and (IV) the molecular vibrational mode energy. We conclude that the previous parameters have a significant role in determination of the electron conduction through the single-molecule junctions. Especially, the conductance is very sensitive to the molecular bridge-leads coupling strength and the junction temperature. These features provide important information about the study of the electronic transport phenomena in molecular junctions.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
799
812
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108893_0bacd9f1d476566848ccc68e6f3821f9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.5
Theoretical Study of fractal shape material of negative refractive index
Amer
Shaalan
College of Science, Al-Muthanna University
author
Sami
chiad
College of Education, Al_Mustansiriyah University/ Baghdad.
Email: samichiad2003@yahoo.com
author
Nadir
Habubi
College of Education, Al_Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad.
author
Nidhal
Jandow
College of Education, Al_Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad.
author
Ammar
Shareef
College of Basic Education/ Al-Muthanna University/ Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
Advanced materials are artificial structure materials that exhibit properties not found in nature. Material that has a negative refractive index (left-handed materials) is found to get a lot of interest in the literatures. Controlling the geometry of classical material may lead to have a negative refractive index in a certain frequency range. In this paper, we utilized from fractal geometry in our design. A Sierpinski Carpet fractal model is proposed. Calculations show that this model has a negative refractive index in the frequency range 7.5 GHz – 16.5 GHz. Wide band behavior of this model refers to its fractal shape.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
813
818
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108894_4f2753443402cbc83f86c125a9ae518d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.6
The heat exchange Intensification in Nano-homo junction semiconductor materials
Mahmood
Jubayer
College of Health & Medical Technology, Middle Technical University Baghdad
E-mail: mradhi64@yahoo.com
author
text
article
2015
eng
In this work, it was examined mechanisms that control internal cooling device (nano-homojunction diode)depending on thermoelectric Peltier effect, resulting in structures that are optimized thermal management. Peltier coefficient for short-length diode is theoretically investigated. It is found that the cooling power is governed by the carrier concentration, current density and the ratio of n-type region width to p-type region width. It has been determined the optimum value of the cooling power at the junction of ZnO in the optimum density at doping symmetrically on a certain value.The cooling power, temperature difference (temperature between the contact and the junction) and dimensionless figure of merit are found in this material for different thicknesses, then comparing between them. It has been simulated the homojunction diode using a MATLAB software with numerically calculated the Peltier coefficient for each layer in these diodes.It has been found that nano-homojunction introduce a significant improvement in the internal cooling performance.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
819
829
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108895_952035c9a735232a8531c768a4dadf03.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.7
Study the Effect of the Aqueous Media on the Properties of Produced Copper Nanoparticles Colloidal by Using Laser Ablation Technique
Wasan
Khilkhal
Laser Physics Department, Babylon University, College of science for women, Hilla
Email: mubderz@yahoo.com
author
Ghaleb
Al-Dahash
Laser Physics Department, Babylon University, College of science for women, Hilla
author
Sahib
Abdul Wahid
Physics Department, Kufa University, College of Education for girl, Kufa.
author
text
article
2015
eng
This paper reports our recent studies on the generation of Cu NPs by ablation of metal targets using Q-switch Nd-YAG laser with Second Harmonic Generation(S.H.G) (λ=532nm) immersed in different aqueous media( Double Disteled Deionised Water (DDDW) and 1-Propanol) .Higher productivity and Smallest size have been produced by using 1-propanol solution compared to DDDW, which indicated that the productivity and NPs size were affected by the solution type. Optical properties measurements showed indirect optical energy gap of the produced Cu nanoparticle (3.717 and 4.887) eV , when the solution type change from DDDW to 1-Propanol respectively. The Surface topography studied by Atomic Force Microscopy, and shape were measured by using Scanning Electron Microscope SEM shows spherical shape while the composing of the prepared nanoparticle were determined by X-ray diffraction ,UV-Visible spectroscopy has been employed for the optical properties measurements.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
830
837
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108896_ff88f47302464846aaad342b18be6b27.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.8
Investigation of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO Prepared Thin Film by PLD
Samer.
Al-Dabag
College of Science for women, University of Baghdad/ Baghdad.
Email: wwss81296@yahoo.com
author
text
article
2015
eng
In this paper , Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films were grown on glass substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique at room temperature under the vacuum pressure of 3×10−3 mbar. Employing a Nd:YAG pulses laser at wavelength 1064nm was used in this technique .The effect of number of laser pulses (200,500 and 800) at annealing temperature450C oon the structural, optical and electrical properties was studied.The structure of the ZnO thin films was examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), it was found thatZnO thin films arepolycrystalline with many peaks, and the results of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indicated that all films have grain size around 90 nm.The optical properties concerning the photoluminescence (PL) spectra were studied for the prepared thin film. From the PL, the optical gap of the ZnO thin film was determined. The Hall effect measurements confirmed that the ZnO thin films are n-type , While the number of laser pulses is increasing, the charge carriers concentration (n) increases, and Hall mobility (H) decreases.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
838
847
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108897_0bf4dfbf30928a12298d1c4ec551c809.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.9
Judd–Ofelt analysis of Spectroscopic properties of Nd+3:SiO2 Prepared via Sol-Gel
Mohammed.
Hamza
College of sciences, Baghdad University/ Baghdad
Email: moh4691@gmail.com
author
Majeda
Ameen
College of sciences, Suleymanya University/ Suleymanya
author
Hanaa
Yaseen
College of sciences for woman, Baghdad University/ Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
Doped and undoped nano particular silicate dioxide was prepared via sol–gel method under varying conditions. The optical properties of prepared samples were investigated by a variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, UV- Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The peak of the fluorescence spectrum was recorded at the wavelength around to 1048nm, which it is close to known fluorescence peaks of Nd:YAG crystal in NIR region. A Judd-Ofelt analysis is performed to calculate the spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ions embedded in SiO2 and compare it with spectroscopic properties of Nd:YAG crystal.The conclusions behind this study show that the doped silicate samples have a high peak emission cross-section σp , which gives an acceptable indication in the direction of using Sol-Gel technique to prepare Nd:SiO2 as a solid state laser active medium.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
848
855
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108900_57f40c3b37d9a12c2280c5adf314b5b5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.10
High Quantum Efficiency of (Au/n-SnO2/p-PSi/c-Si/Al) solar cell after annealing of Nd:YAG laser
Firas
Mohammed
College of Science, Al- Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad.
author
Ban
Ali
College of Science, Al- Mustansiriyah University/ Baghdad
author
Bahaa
Alwan
College of Science, Al- Mustansiriyah University/ Baghdad.
author
Zahra
Rashid
College of Science, Al- Mustansiriyah University/ Baghdad.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Transparent and conducting SnO2 thin film has been produced on (quartz and porous silicon) substrates using rapid photothermal oxidation of pure Sn in air at 600 oC oxidation temperature and different oxidation time. The structural properties and scan electron microscope of the prepared films were studied. The photovoltage properties of a Au/n-SnO2/p-PSi/c-Si solar cell are investigated under irradiation of Nd:YAG laser pulses. The porous Si layer is synthesized on a single crystalline p-type Si using electrochemical etching in aqueous hydrofluoric acid at a current density of 25 mA/cm2 for a 30-min etching time. The structure of the porous layer is investigated using scan electron microscope. The photovoltage properties are found to be dependent on the laser fluencies.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
856
866
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108901_48078ca5041f6b57a934cdf6f6c0dc6e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.11
Synthesis of TiO2/Pd/Multi-Walled Carbon Nano-Structures by Hydrothermal Technique and deposited it on n-Si substrate as TiO2/Pd/MWCNTs:n-Si Heterojunction by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Saif
Alshrefi
College of Science for Women , Babylon University/ Babylon.
Email: Saif_master80@yahoo.com
author
Dunia
Mahdi
College of Science ,Baghdad University/ Baghdad.
author
Zainab
Sadik
College of Science ,Baghdad University/Baghdad.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Carbon nanostructures (CNTs) have been prepared by a Hydrothermal deposition technique based on the polymer Polyethylene glycol (PEG) dissolved in water and Ethanol alcohol of a new carbon sources materials mixed with (PdCl2) as a catalyst mixed with Sodium hydroxide (8gm NaOH) using Parr reactor at temperature (190°C) and forming the hybrid composite material (TiO2/Pd/MWCNTs) by the same way. Thence, deposited heterojunction material (TiO2/Pd/MWCNTs:n-Si) using the Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique (PLD), on the substrate of n-silicon wafer. The obtained (MWCNTs & TiO2/Pd/MWCNTs) are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS). Normal MWCNTs are formed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanosheets (CNSs) but in little bit amount. MWCNTs were obtained as main products with lengths of (1.6–3 μm) and diameters of (30-60 nm) could be synthesized at as low temperature as (190°C). Deconvolution of the (C1s ) peaks which characteristic of C-C bonds, showed a main peak at (284.96 and 285.04 eV) with total amount (74.96 and 30.64 at%) for the product of MWCNTs and TiO2/Pd/MWCNTs composite respectively. Current – voltage characteristics of heterojunction showed that forward bias current change exponentially approximately with applied voltage at dark and this agreement with tunneling–recombination model. Also (I-V) characteristics under illumination of TiO2/Pd/MWCNTs heterojunction deposited on p-Si substrate (η=10.5) efficiency in Solar Cell.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
867
883
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108902_c67ad9f6889c7fc004dd73f384b25fb6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.12
Fabrication of electro spinning 1D ZnO Nano fibers as UVPhotoconductor
Raad
Sabry
Science of collage, Al-Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad
Email: raadphy_dr@yahoo.com
author
Firas
Mohammed
Science of collage, Al-Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad.
author
Roonak
A.Alkareem
Science of collage, Al-Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad.
author
text
article
2015
eng
The electrospinning technique was used to fabricate 1D nanofibers of Zinc Oxide (ZnO). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ̸ zinc acetate Nano fibers electrospun using solution containing PVP dissolved in ethanol and zinc acetate in distilled water were mixed, followed by calcination at 500°C for 3hours to remove the polymer. XRD pattern show the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NFs without any impurities. FESEM pictures show a network of nanofibers with diameters less than 100 nm and several micrometers in length of ZnO, these nanostructures increase the ratio of surface area to volume and improve the physical properties of the materials. The Photoluminescence (PL) of the films was studied and the energy gap and the optical properties were estimated. A photoconductor device was constructed by electroding the films with silver conducting electrode (IDE) using screen print method, The result shown that the resistance of the nanofiber films decrease dramatically when exposes to UV light. In addition, the change of conductivity with the change of wavelengths was studied also the photoconductivity was examined under different bias voltage.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
884
894
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108903_20f42821363193d9f239975375b58dcc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.13
Effect of additive of CuO and annealing on the Morphological and Electrical Properties of TiO2 by pulse laser deposition
Sabah
Mazhir
Collage of Science for woman ,University of Baghdad/ Baghdad
author
Ghosoun
Ahmed
Collage of Science,University of Baghdad/ Baghdad
author
Noha.
Harb
Collage of Science for woman ,University of Baghdad/ Baghdad
Emial: nohaharb2009@yahoo.com
author
A.
A
Collage of Science for woman ,University of Baghdad/ Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
In this paper, Nano crystalline TiO2 and CuO additive TiO2 thin films were successfully deposited on suitably cleaned glass substrate at constant room temperature, and different concentration of CuO (0,5,10,15,20)% wt using pulse laser deposition(PLD) technique at a constant deposition parameter such as : (pulse Nd:YAG laser with λ=1064 nm, constant energy 800 mJ ,with repetition rate 6 Hz and No. of pulse (500).The films were annealed at different annealing temperatures 423K and 523 K. Effect of annealing on the morphological and electrical were studied. Surface morphology of the thin films has been studied by using atomic force microscopes (AFM). AFM measurements confirmed that the films have good crystalline and homogeneous surface. The Root Mean Square (RMS) values of thin films surface roughness are increased with the increase of annealing temperature. Also, The grain size increases with the increasing of concentration of CuO and annealing. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and the activation energy at temperature ranging from (293-473)K of the as-deposited and films annealed at different annealing temperatures have been studied. The results show that as the film concentration of CuO and conductivity increases, while the activation energy(Ea1,Ea2) decreases. Both, the annealing and composition effects on Hall constant, RH, charge carrier concentration (NH), Hall mobility. Hall Effect are studied. Hall Effect measurements show that all films have n- type charge carriers and the concentration and annealing increases carriers concentration while the mobility decreases .
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
895
907
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108904_c30a1eff0569cd3303f2984dfff51f22.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.14
Laser annealing effect on the optical properties of CuAlO2 thin film
Azhar
Hassan
School of Applied sciences, University of Technology/Baghdad
author
Nuha
Abd Al-Rasheed
School of Applied sciences, University of Technology/Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
Transparent conducting oxides thin films of copper aluminium oxide (CuA1O2) were prepared from mixture of CuCl2 and Al2Cl3 salts by spray pyrolysis technique on a glass substrate at temperature (500oC). The as-deposited film show pure delaffosite phase of CuAlO2 by XRD spectra, also many peaks of CuAlO2 were appeared after annealing at different energy fluence. The optical transmission of thin films was measured by UV-VIS spectrometer and reach to 74% in visible region. The direct and indirect optical band gaps of the films are found in the range of (3.4-3.1) eV, and (2.1-1.5) eV, respectively depending on the annealing energy fluence at (300, 600, 900, 1200) mJ/cm2.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
908
917
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108905_6e3593ac36ea0618cc59861f9ec69fa8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.15
Structural and Optical properties of CdO doped TiO2 thin films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Ghusson
Mohammed
Collage of science, University of Baghdad/Baghdad
Email: ghuson,hamed@yahoo.com
author
Ahmed
Savore
Collage of science, University of Baghdad/ Baghdad
author
Mohammed
Shinen
Collage of basic education, University of Babylon
author
Kadhim
Adem
Collage of science, University of Baghdad/ Baghdad.
author
text
article
2015
eng
TiO2 thin films have been deposited at room temperature with different concentration of CdO of x= (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15and 0.2) wt. % onto glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique using Nd-YAG laser with λ=1064nm, energy=800mJ and number of shots=500. The structural, morphological and optical characterizations of as- deposited films were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–vis transmittance spectroscopy. The Effect of CdO content on these properties was investigated. Characterizations by X-ray diffraction show a polycrystalline film, with tetragonal structure and formation of Rutile phase and many peaks (110), (101), (111) and (211) were appear. In addition, AFM investigation shows no cracks in the formed layer. The optical properties concerning the absorption and transmission spectra were studied for the prepared thin films using an ultraviolet–visible near-infrared spectrophotometer. The results show that the transmittance of the TiO2 film in the visible domain reaches 75%.Optical band gaps were calculated and found to be (3.62, 3.54, 3.45, 3.3 and 3.21) eV for the concentration of CdO x= (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) wt. % respectively. At 350 nm the refractive index,extinction coefficient and dielectric constant were determined.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
918
931
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108906_b47615abad1a11adbbd3ae981c324558.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.16
Innovative Technique for Meeting Laser Tracking Criteria at Near and Far Ranges
Nahla
AL Jabbar
Ministry of science & Technology / Baghdad.
Email: hushamabid@yahoo.com
author
Hisham
Maliek
Ministry of Science & Technology/, Baghdad.
author
Dhafir
Dhadir
Ministry of Science & Technology /Baghdad.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Designing Laser Detection and Tracking System (LDTS) needs meeting some certain requirements, one of these requirements is meeting tracking criteria for quadrant photodetector (QPD) at near and far detection range for the target in question through simulating these requirements. A reflecting truncated tetrahedral prism technique design and four separate photodetectors of certain shapes are introduced as a method to avoid tracking failure case.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
932
937
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108907_ef71bfc347f665d9d024330a2886a463.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.17
Study the effect of irradiation by laser-ray on the optical properties of the nanostructure In2O3 thin films
Ali
Yousi
College of Education, University of Al-Mustansiriyah/Baghdad
Email: aliyousif73@gmail.com
author
Zainab
Mahdi
College of Education, University of Al-Mustansiriyah/ Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
In this research the effect oflaser irradiation N2 at 337 nm on the optical properties of the nanocrystalline In2O3 films subjected to laser irradiations with different power average (0.85, 1.70, 2.125 and 2.55mW ) for irradiation time (5min). By, by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer technique, can many of the optical properties account of study change spectral transmittance and absorbance of these membranes, such as the expense of absorption coefficient, and energy gap for direct transitions It was found that the band gap decreases when the thickness increases and the band gap values ranges between 3.5eV to 3.0eV.and calculate the reflectivity and extinction coefficient and refractive index and dielectric constant real and imaginary and optical connectivity. the exposure of the as deposited films to a selected dose of laser irradiation, the optical properties films varies with increase in the power average
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
938
950
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108908_3411abadbb70453c65ea6e9aab0f18e1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.18
Nanostructure NiO films prepared by PLD and their optoelectronic properties
Doaa
Jbaier
University of Technology, Department of Applied Science/ Baghdad
Email:df2013df@gmail.com
author
Jehan
Simon
University of Technology, Department of Applied Science/Baghdad,
author
Khawla
Khashan
University of Technology, Department of Applied Science/ Baghdad
author
text
article
2015
eng
NiO thin films have compounded by pulsed laser deposition on glass and silicon (111) substrates, employing Q-switching Nd:YAG laser. Structure, grain size and optical properties have analyzed by using FTIR, AFM and UV-VIS spectroscopy. FTIR spectra conformed of NiO bonding. AFM images show the particle size about ~66nm. The optical transmission results premiered the transparency of the NiO films is greater than 70% in the visible region with optical band gap 3.85eV. The current voltage characterization of NiO/Si heterojunction has good rectifying.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
951
959
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108909_1dddfcbbb5139eaa2df54d9030f16224.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.19
Preparation and Study Effects of Stirring Time on the Structural and Optical Properties of SnO2 Nanoparticles
T.
AL-Dhahir
College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-Al-Haithm ,University of Baghdad ,Baghdad
author
Noor
Hameed
College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-Al-Haithm ,University of Baghdad ,Baghdad
author
Ziyad
Khodair
College of Science, University of Diala.
author
Tagreed.
Al-Saadi
College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-Al-Haithm, University of Baghdad, Baghdad
Email: tagreedmm2000@gmail.com
author
text
article
2015
eng
Tin Oxide nanoparticles (SnO2-NPs) were prepared by mixing (SnCl4.5H2O) with distilled water at room temperature. The samples were characterized for their crystalline structure, morphology and chemical structure by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD data and Dicvol 91 software analysis the crystal system was found to be tetragonal structure for samples prepared under stirring time for (24,48,72) h with (a=4.745 , c=3.184), (a=4.768 , c=3.255) and (a=4.776 and c=3.257) respectively. The average of crystallite size calculated by using SEM it was 9.45 nm, 14.7 nm and 21.5 nm, for the same times, previously mentioned of stirring. The effect of stirring time on the crystal lattice distortion ratio, specific surface area and dislocation density was discussed. The optical band gap values of SnO2-NPs were calculated to be about 3.4eV, 3.37eV and 3.2eV under stirring time for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively by optical absorption measurement.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
960
971
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108910_810be1e8ce8d13b8e7883bfac5447b6f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.20
Laser surface cleaning of stones and some metal objects
Walid
Hamoudi
Applied Science Department, University of Technology/Baghdad.
E-mail: wjuaini2007@yahoo.com
author
Mehdi
Edan
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research/Baghdad.
author
Hanan
. Ibrahim
Applied Science Department, University of Technology/Baghdad.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Iron, copper and stone samples were cleaned by Nd: YAG laser using different number of nano laser pulses at variable intensities. Fundamental (1.06 µm) and frequency doubled (0.53 µm) wavelengths cleaning efficiency was tested by measuring the crust and oxide removal rate. A laboratory environmental chamber was built and utilized to study the effect of processing gas on the cleaning process. Surface ref lectivity, SEM and optical microscope investigations indicated the effectiveness of Nd: YAG laser cleaning without damaging the surface. The use of high laser pulse energies helped achieving reasonably good and fast cleaning, whereas low laser energy required larger number of pulses, but ensured safe cleaning. Optimum results were obtained when using the fundamental laser wavelength under O2 environment.
Engineering and Technology Journal
University of Technology-Iraq
1681-6900
33
v.
5B
no.
2015
972
983
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_108911_81e86340e920b7e7259a1cb18ed840a4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.33.5B.21