@article { author = {A. Abdul Rahman, Amer}, title = {The Collision Model Between A Single Particle And A Spherical Cap Bubble In A Water Medium}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.1}, abstract = {A mechanistic model is developed to account for the collision between asingle particle and a single bubble in a liquid medium. Based on the model, twopenetration criteria are established under which the particle is predicted topenetrate through the bubble if any of the two criteria is satisfied. It is shown thatthe particle penetration is only a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for bubbledisintegration in the case of single particle-single bubble collision. The penetratedbubble is shown to deform into a doughnut shape and the subsequent bubblebreakage is made through the necking mechanism of the doughnut-shape bubble.Bubble disintegration occurs only if the penetrating particle has a diameter greaterthan the height of the doughnut-shape bubble. The column is constructed ofPlexiglas with an internal diameter 10 cm and a height of 180 cm. Experimentsare also performed for single particle-single bubble collision in water, using threedifferent particles (2 mm, 3 mm glass beads and 3*3 mm PVC cylinder) withReynolds no. and Weber no. are (953, 1512 and 840) and (5.68, 9.45 and 5)respectively . Two markedly different collision phenomena are observed. A smalland/or light particle is unable to penetrate through the bubble and is ejected aftercollision. A medium particle can penetrate through the bubble but may not breakthe bubble. The two phenomena are all well predicted by the proposed model.}, keywords = {three phase fluidized beds,and bubble breakage}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26892.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26892_7c0cd8e7e7afe5bd57c58c6127d00b5f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Investigatvon of The Effect of The Inflection Point of Stream Line Dwevagin}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.17}, abstract = {The effect of the inflection point of die profile has been investigated fordies designed according to the streamline concept, dies designed with differentinflection point have been adopted (0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 ) from the original length ofdie, under the axismmetric condition with reduction of area (%40), underfrictionless condition, with pass length (20 mm).A special (F.E.M) cod (Ansys 5.4)has been applied for analysis.The results in this study shows that the position ofinflection point effectual on extrusion load and the strain distribution, and theinflection point at which the extrusion load is minimum and more homogenousstrain distribution lies in middle of die (i.e at 0.5 L).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26912.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26912_4b292999d819d806cbd0f72dd97158f5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Influence of Technological Evolution On Formal Structure of High – Rise Buildings}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {13-29}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.18}, abstract = {Architectural design has been influenced by the great technological evolution inthe world . Architects and construction engineers began to use the newest availabletechnologies in designing and implementing architectural products , especially inhigh – rise buildings , which depends basically on technology of all branches (i.e.style , construction and information) . The research problem is defined as (lack oforiented comprehensive , practical and ideological studies of the technological evolutioninfluence on formal structure of high – rise buildings) .The research aims at (diagnosing the effect of technology , as a basic variable , toshow the distinct formal composition of high – rise buildings) . To fulfill this aim ,the research depends , in its theoretical part , on defining the most active and influentialvariables effecting formal structure of high – rise buildings . In the practicalpart , the research aims at revealing the application scope of the theoreticalframework by using qualitative measurement , describing and analyzing the influenceand its implementation in four projects selected as practical samples . At last ,the research presents conclusions and recommendations for both theoretical andpractical levels.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26913.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26913_1a391359e8f9d56b6a9f4e081678738f.pdf} } @article { author = {H. Qasim, Bashar and A. Mohammed, Mais and M. Barbooti, Mahmood}, title = {Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium, Nickel And Lead In Hydrocarbon Polluted Soils}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {17-28}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.2}, abstract = {The present work is a part of a project on the environmental site assessment ofa local petroleum refinery to evaluate the extent of pollution of the site with focuson selected places of potential pollution. Soil samples were collected at variousdepths from almost all locations including: production units, storage tanks, thelandfill lagoons at the outside boarder of the refinery and the residence location.The analyses of vanadium, nickel and lead were carried out on extracts of the soilsamples made by five different dilute solutions of acetic acid, nitric acid, calciumchloride, EDTA. The nature of the solvent is a determining factor in the efficiencyof transport of heavy metals from the soil into the solution. All of themeasurements were conducted by graphite furnace atomic absorptionspectrophotometry.It was concluded that heavy metals are available even for the weakest extractingsolvent. This was an indication on the nature of the V, Ni and Pb, where they arein inorganic forms due to the degradation by the microorganisms of the soil andaided by dozens of raining seasons and severe hot summers of Iraq. However thesoil keeps some of the heavy metals in the original organo-metallic nature whichresulted in only partial extraction of these metals with the solutions employed.Thus, the danger from these metals is limited due to their insolubility in water.The range of vanadium detected in the various extracts is ; for nickel, the rangewas and for lead the concentration range was . The V contents were in the range of0.01 – 0.37 mg/Kg. The Ni content ranged between 0.06 and 4.5 mg/Kg. Therange of Pb contents obtained was in the range of 0.025 – 22.5 mg/Kg. The V andNi concentrations at the deep soil samples were less than that of the surfacesamples in most locations. Meanwhile, the penetration of lead contaminationseems easier than V and Ni.}, keywords = {Polluted Soil Analysis,Vanadium,nickel,Lead,Electrothermal Atomic Absorption}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26893.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26893_13480eeb6aebb0f77327d44ee3531f01.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Juwaied, Ali and Abdulamier Hussain Alamiery, Ahmed}, title = {Synthesis And Biological Activity Studies of Some Novel Metal Complexes Derivate From 2-(2-Imino-1- Methylimidazolidin-4-Ylidene) Hydrazinecarbothioamide}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {29-42}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.3}, abstract = {2-(2-imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide reactwith chlorides of Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) to yield metal ion complexes ofdefinite composition. These compounds were characterized by elemental analyses,magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV-visible, 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectralinvestigations. The ligand was studied by using of theoretical method (Simiempirical AMI module in the CS ChemOffice molecular modeling package) bycalculation of heat of formation, bond length, bond angle and dihedral angle. Thestability for the prepared complexes was studied theoretically by the DensityFunction Theory (DFT). The free ligand and their metal complexes have beentested in vitro against a number of micro-organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), in order toassess their antimicrobial activities. The ligand and its complexes showedconsiderable activity against all bacteria.}, keywords = {bidentate ligand,carbothioamide,metal complexes,spectral investigations}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26894.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26894_3decdada50afb53bd2184e0635449921.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Spectroscopic Study of benzene molecular}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {30-36}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.19}, abstract = {The mid Infrared, Near infrared, visible, and Ultra-violet spectra of Benzenemolecule have been studied. Since Benzene molecule belongs to D6h point group,with very high symmetry elements, therefore it may be expected for its externalvibrations to be either infrared or Raman active only. The mid infrared spectrum ofthe molecule shows only the active infrared fundamental and combination bands.However no overtone bands have been detected within this region because of itssymmetry. The ultra -violet region shows cut off starting at (350 nm) due tod d* and π π* electronic transitions. However no absorption has beenobserved within visible region (400-800)nm, which is confirmed since pure benzeneliquid has no color.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26915.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26915_6e6fbce5b4caeffc7cc138dd40d7482f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Principles of aluminium-recycling industry in iraq}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {37-45}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.20}, abstract = {Aluminium and its alloys are considered as the most important in the series of lowdensity materials which have different industrial applications to justify the need forlow density suitable for advanced technology. As a result of increasing the cost ofmetals and their alloys during the last years, there were critical needs to get theengineering materials from their scraps; especially for aluminium alloys which havelow melting temperatures. It is world wide known that 40% of the total production ofhigh quality aluminium and its alloys from their scraps which need low energy around90% less than that required for production aluminium from ore.In this study, different scraps of aluminium and its alloys (wrought and casting) weredetermined. These alloys were collected from scraps of work shops, industry, ingots,used cans, used home appliance and equipments. It was found that there are noinformation regarding these scraps from industrial and environmental representatives.In order to obtain new products from these scraps, it requires knowing the quality ofthem. In spite of importance of this industry, it still a traditional and applied withoutany scientific or technological aspects.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26917.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26917_6a352eead6dec307a257a2f5e1594433.pdf} } @article { author = {M. Tawfiq, Kanan and J. Al-Jeboori, Mohamad and D. Al-Sabti, Matheel}, title = {Synthesis And Characterization of Novel Functionalized Tetradentate Ligand Type H3NS3 And Its Metal Complexes With Re(V), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) & Hg(II)}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {43-53}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.4}, abstract = {This work represents the preparation of the tetradentate ligand H3NS3 (H3L) andits metal complexes with rhenium(V), nickle(II), copper(II), cadmium(II) andmercurry(II) metal ions. The ligand and its complexes were characterized when neededby Infrared, Ultraviolet–visible, HPLC, Mass, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, andatomic absorption spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and electricalconductivity. The proposed structure for (H3NS3) with Re(V) is square pyramidal, withNi(II) is distorted square planar, and with the rest of metal ions is distorted tetrahedral}, keywords = {Tetradentate ligand}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26895.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26895_df57d9d1b8b4c4af4873263cb0588e7b.pdf} } @article { author = {Sharif Hamadi, Adel and Sharif Hamadi, Adel}, title = {Demulsifiers for Simulated Basrah Crude Oil}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {54-64}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.5}, abstract = {Water in oil emulsion occurs at many stages in the production and treatment ofcrude oil. In the present work three demulsifiers were used (RP6000, Chimec2439 andPAA) for dehydration (desalting) of Al-Basrah water in oil emulsion. Theexperimental work was performed under constant temperature 65oC and water content30%vol. (3%wt.NaCl). The parameters studied: demulsifier dose (10, 20, 30,40,50,60,70 and 80) ppm, separation time (5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120) min and typesof demulsifiers (RP6000 Chimec2439 and PAA). The dehydration efficiency withprepared demulsifier (PAA) was (75%). Two types of commercial demulifiers werealso used (RP6000 and Chimec2439), which gave water separation efficiency (87.5%and 72.2%), respectively. pH, Salt content, remains of water content and density wereestimated. The least density of the desalted crude obtained was (0.874 gm/cm3) at (80)ppm of RP6000.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26896.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26896_2fc7cf0e9e7447200ba8a16be0502d5a.pdf} } @article { author = {H. Singal, Abdullah and M. Kushnaw, Farhad and Abbar Khleif, Ali}, title = {Predictive Modeling of Surface Roughness Of Centered And Un-Centered Workpiece Lengths In Turning Operation}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {65-71}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.6}, abstract = {The attempt of the present study has addressed an area that has been relativelyneglected in the past researches. This area focuses on studying and analysis the effectof different centered and un-centered workpiece lengths, using turning machinetailstock, on the products surface roughness, and then collecting data to generate anexperimental charts and equations for the prediction modeling of surface roughnessand increasing productivity for many turned products. These charts and equationscould be serving as a quick indication for manufacturers to avoid pre-chatter conditionsand the trial and error methods, and consequently reduce the required experience inthis field. So, the applicable range of workpiece lengths can be safely extended from10 mm to 60 mm bars with 10 mm in diameter, and from 10 to 75 mm bars with 20mm in diameter. This range could be increasing as bar diameter increasing and viseversa.}, keywords = {Surface Roughness,Predictive modeling,Tool Geometry}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26897.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26897_ca9b17f203c398c694a19ef1939a4150.pdf} } @article { author = {E. Ali, Akbas}, title = {A New Text Steganography Method By Using Non-Printing Unicode Characters}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {72-83}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.7}, abstract = {One of the methods used in security areas is steganography. Steganography is the artand science of hiding information by embedding messages within cover media withoutattracting attention. the cover media can be text, image, video or audio files. Textsteganography is more difficult than others due to the difficulty in finding redundantinformation in text file. This paper presents a new idea for text steganography by usingUnicode standard characters, (which have the non-printing properties) to encode theletters of English language and embedding the secret message letter by letter into thecover-text.This method has high hiding capacity, it can hide (K+1) letters in a text with Kcharacters and it does not make any apparent changes in the original text. So it satisfiesperceptual transparency.}, keywords = {text steganography,Unicode standard,non,printing characters,perceptual transparency}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26898.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26898_d576e703c7bb17c9774e818c4723825b.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed Abdulallah, Math and Baker Rahmetallah, Hassan and Ali Alrbii, Samier}, title = {Study of Factors Affecting on Formability of Stainless Steel Alloys}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {84-102}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.8}, abstract = {Factors affecting on formability of austenitic stainless steel AISI321 and twoduplex stainless steels GOST A917, and SAF2205, have been studied in the asreceivedcondition at different strain rates, testing temperatures, and directions.The mechanical properties obtained from tensile testing (strength, ductility, strainhardening index, and strain rate sensitivity), have been chosen as criteria to detectthe formability. The values of these criteria are compared with stretching behaviorobtained from Olsen test (peak height, maximum stretching force, and total workdone). Strain hardening index, elongation, and tensile: yield ratio, were foundgood criteria which represent formability. Results from tensile and stretching testsof these alloys in the as-received condition, showed that the austenitic stainlesssteel had the best formability due to its higher ductility and work hardenability.Formability was found to be dependent on strain rate, testing temperature, androlling direction due to the anisotropy. Stretching tests for the three alloys in theas-received condition, showed that 321 austenitic stainless steel had higher (hvalue), followed by 2205 duplex. Lubrication was found to improve formabilityby increasing the (h-value) for the three alloys.}, keywords = {Austenitic and Duplex stainless steels,formability,Tensile and Stretching Tests}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26899.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26899_4b9420832a0c53e45287eb32426e83fe.pdf} } @article { author = {F. Kadhum, Ahmed and Yang, Jian and Z. Al-Sarraf, Sabih}, title = {Behavior of Short Span Composite Beams Strengthened with CFRP Strips}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {103-118}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.9}, abstract = {The experimental program in this paper is divided into two groups: the firstone consists of seven composite beams; six of them were strengthened with oneand two CFRP strips and with three different percentages of full beam length(40%, 60%, and 100%). The second group consists of five composite beamsstrengthened at the face of the bottom flange with CFRP strips fastened to the steelsection by steel bolts with two different length proportion of CFRP strips to beamsoffit (60%, and 100%).The analytical investigation included the use of three dimensionalnonlinear finite elements to model the performance of the composite beams using(ANSYS 8.0) computer program.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26900.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26900_8295eb8e9a0bdd643e33e4c26b6bee1e.pdf} } @article { author = {A. A. Ahmed, Layla}, title = {Removal of Heavy Metals From Waste Water By Date Palm Tree Wastes}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {119-125}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.10}, abstract = {Wastes of the Iraqi date palm tree was used to study removal of heavy metalcations ( Cu+2, Cd+2& Zn+2) from simulated artificial waste water using batchadsorption process.The dried parts of the date palm wastes, were grinded to ≤1mm in size and useddirectly in different adsorbent / metal ion ratios, starting with metal ionconcentration of (1000ppm).Influence of contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent loadingweight, on removal percentage were investigated; experiments were carried out atroom temperature. 25Co and pH value of (5-6).Date palm wastes succeeded to achieve 90% removal for Cu+2 ions, 57.5% for Cd+2ions & 37.5% for Zn+2 ions within (60 min) contact time at adsorbent loading ratioof 30 g/l. Removal values for mixed ions were lower due to competition&interaction between ions, (80% Cu+2, 51% Cd+2 & 33% Zn+2 )}, keywords = {adsorption,Heavy Metals,Waste water,Date palm tree}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26901.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26901_6ec9a2d1ed8f0256e3e51259506e798b.pdf} } @article { author = {M. Fadhel, Zainab and Karim Abdul Hassan, Alia}, title = {Design and Implementation of A Software Protection System Against Software Piracy By Using Cryptographic Techniques}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {126-148}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.11}, abstract = {Software Piracy becomes a major problem with the fast and vast growth in the useof the internet, and the new computer technologies is aided in increasing softwarepiracy. In this work, a software protection system against piracy is proposed. Thisproposed system uses standard techniques to ease these difficulties such as Zeroknowledge proof, Improved RSA, MD5, and Triple DES. The proposed system use aproposed method to protect all the system files, and a proposed algorithm to generatesoftware Copy Identification Number called (ICN). The implemented system where asoftware application hashes hardware serial numbers to generate a unique InstallationID. This Installation ID is sent to the manufacturer to verify the authenticity of theapplication and to ensure that the product is not being used for multiple installations}, keywords = {Software Piracy,Zero knowledge proof,Improved RSA,and Triple DES,Copy Identification Number}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26902.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26902_de8f5d284abff4fdbe336bec4d826bea.pdf} } @article { author = {Faiq Aswad, Mohammad and Khalil Alkubaisy, Yasir and Taha Shlash, kais}, title = {Effect of Construction Sequence and Soil Nonlinearity On The Behavior of Sheet Pile Walls}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {149-163}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.12}, abstract = {This study deals with assessing the behavior of a sheet pile wall by estimatingthe stresses and displacements of the sheet pile wall and surrounding soil throughoutthe different construction stages. The finite element method is used to carry out acomparison study to assess the effect of the soil nonlinearity on the behavior of sheetpile wall. The nonlinear hyperbolic model is used to represent both the soil andinterface behavior of soil-sheet pile wall system.The analysis of sheet pile wall was carried out using a nonlinear incrementalstress dependent finite element computer program capable of simulating the differentconstruction stages of the system. It was found that increasing excavation depthreduces both active and passive pressures below that calculated by Rankine theory andthat shear stresses concentrate around sheet pile wall and increase with increasingexcavation depth. It also noticed that adopting nonlinear soil properties leads to a moreeconomical design of the sheet pile walls.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26903.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26903_3e81c1c3f794f0b29d4ae8bba194fa4b.pdf} } @article { author = {Razzak T. Ziboon, Abdul and Abbas, Aseel}, title = {Using Remote Sensing and Gis Technique to Study Soil Physical Properties for Hour Al-Hammar (South of Iraq)}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {164-180}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.13}, abstract = {This paper includes the digital image processing (image enhancement and thedigital classification techniques) using ERDAS, ver.,8.7, package for Landsat 7(ETM+), 3-visible bands with resolution (14.25m), acquired in March 2004 .The field investigation includes GPS surveying, which coincides with thereports of the laboratory tests (physical tests), which include soil classification test(according to the unified soil classification system (USCS), for certain locations),and spectral measurements by using radiometer instrument.The main results of this study show that the selected visible bands in thedigital visual interpretation process are considered an optimum means to sense thesoil types. It is found that the study region soil has high content of the fine soiltexture (clay and silt). Therefore, the digital map of unsupervised classificationgives good presentation of some of the main landcover classes and merges theothers, whereas the supervised classification gives good presentation of the mainlandcover classes with overall accuracy equal to (99.7%).}, keywords = {Studying Spectral Reflectance Measurement and physical Soil properties}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26904.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26904_2616943ee7c88b94a2a9f21a0647896f.pdf} } @article { author = {Emad AL-Deen AL-Dargazli, Matheel and Emad AL-Deen AL-Dargazli, Matheel}, title = {Coding Implementation By Using Discrete Wavelet Transform}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {181-198}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.14}, abstract = {Image processing can be considered as an essential part of wide rangecomputer applications. This application deals with image coding and it discussesimage coding schemes, by using transforms to code the image or not. Huffmancoding and Run Length coding are not using transforms to code the image,moreover, threshold coding and Zonal coding use transforms to code the image.Two types of transforms, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete WaveletTransform (DWT) have been used after segmenting the image into blocks, andthen Zonal coding algorithm or threshold coding algorithm is used to get the codedimage. Finally we conclude that using wavelet transform is better than othertransforms when it is used for image coding.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26905.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26905_39a550b0dc84c20a1934f4602cf7230c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdulkareem Hasan, Muthanna and Anwar Al-Khazragy, Afaneen}, title = {The Application of Neural Network on The Contingency Analysis of Iraqi Super Grid Network}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {199-213}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.15}, abstract = {Many of the problems that occur on electrical power system can cause serioustrouble with in such a quick time period that the operator (in control room) could nottake action fast enough. This is often the case with cascading failures. Because of thisaspect of power system operation, modern operation computers are equipped withcontingency analysis programs that model possible system troubles before they arise.Therefore, this work has developed an Artificial Neural Network technique to alarmthe operators in control room to any outage in power system elements (Generatingunit or Transmission line) depending upon the results of AC load flow after eachseparation in these elements.The aim of this work is to improve the database system of Iraqi Control Centersby adopting the facility of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique to identifythe transmission line or the generation unit separate’s in the electrical network. Thework comprises four major parts which are; the development of the load flowprogram using Newton-Raphson Method, building the structure of Neural Networkprogram (Radial Basis Function Neural Network), the engagement between the twoprograms, and the development of Visualization Technique for presenting the resultsvia using Matlab language (Version 6.5). After the Engagement between theVisualization and other programs, the network under consideration (Iraqi Super GridNetwork 400Kv) was studied and analyzed.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26908.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26908_17ddb374800bbad7fbf9bd31d9208218.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamad, afar and Ja, Anwar}, title = {Reliability and Effectiveness of the Differential Transformation Method for Solving Linear and Non-Linear Fourth order Boundary Value Problems}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {214-223}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.1.16}, abstract = {In this paper, differential transformation method is applied to construct analyticsolutions of the boundary value problems for linear and non-linear 4th order nonhomogenousdifferential equations. The differential transformation method istested using three physical model problems. Results are presented in tables andfigures. It was appeared in comparing results of the differential transformationmethod with Rung- Kutta , and RK-Butcher solutions that the differentialtransformation method is more reliable and effective in solving linear and nonlineardifferential equations.}, keywords = {Differential transformation method,differential equations,boundary value problems}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26909.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26909_9abfd04b68611cb4f9cf6f08075126c7.pdf} }