@article { author = {}, title = {Contour and Digital Terrain Models of Soil Properties Digital Maps Using Geographic Information System}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {799-813}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.19}, abstract = {The research aims to use the technical abilities for geographic information system in the field of designing and drawing maps by saving huge amount of information in a fast and organized way also to shows data and maps from the computer in high speed. In addition it makes corrections on maps in high speed and in the least cost and time. Also high accuracy in data analysis which is difficult in manual ways.Further more it enables as to analyze the geographic information and connect between them in an easy way. It takes out new information from the original information on the maps like taking out digital terrain model from the Contour Maps and to show loca information system on the computer with maximization and minimization also changing the scale easily and the ability of three dimensions showing. In this study the information were gathered from the soil reports of the NationalCenter for Construction Laboratories for different parts of Baghdad area in addition to Laboratory reports done by Consultation Bureaus. Three soil properties were studied permeability as a physical property, pH as a chemical property and bearing capacity of soil as a engineering property. These data were treated and analyzed by using geographic information system to produce contour maps, after that localanalysis was done for data to come up with digital terrain models in a three dimensional figure to manifest earth surface. By these abilities, a digital data base was made for these properties that can be generalization for all soil properties and for all parts of Iraq, which enables to do the recyclization and treatment and analysis easily in making the designing and planning of any engineering project}, keywords = {GIS,DTM,WGS,Tin,UTM}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39038.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39038_f2b4504ef62563bd838220f55a35e58e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Experimental study of the effect of vertical vibrations on forced convection heat transfer coefficient from circumferentially finned cylinder}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {814-833}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.20}, abstract = {The aim of this work is to perform an experimental study for the effect of forced vertical vibrations on forced convection heat transfer coefficient, by the use of circumferential finned cylinder made of Aluminum. The cylinder was heated under the condition of a constant heat flux which is generated by applying an alternating voltage on a fixed resistor mounted inside the interior space of the cylinder which was located horizontally or inclined in multiple angles at a range of (0°-45°). In this experimental study the circumferential finned cylinder prototype of inner diameter (16 mm), and outer diameter including the fin of (48 mm), and the effect of the frequencyat the range of (2-16 Hz) and the vibration amplitude range of (0 - 2.2mm) have been studied with various heat flux range from (500-1500W/m2).For the results of this study it was found that the relation between the heat transfer coefficient and amplitudeof vibration is incrementally for all inclination angles from (0°-45°), and reaches a maximum ratio of (%13.34), also increment of inclination angle reduces the values of forced convection heat transfer coefficient and , that because the fins works as path lines helps to increase the movement of convection currents in the case of horizontal prototype , but in case of inclined cylinder fins works as obstructions for theconvection currents and thus reduces the ranges of forced convection vibrational heat transfer coefficient, Generally the heat transfer coefficient increases as Reynolds number increases.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39053.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39053_867ed1a0e100d698dc59426bc4d6c43f.pdf} } @article { author = {Joma Abbas, Hussain and Taha, Adnan and Al, Salah}, title = {The Optical Fiber Fault Detection By Computer Simulation for OFDR System}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5389-5403}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.1}, abstract = {Mathematical simulation and theoretical investigation for faults detection inoptical fibers were discussed by using computer simulation. The purpose of this work is todetect the faults that lead to decrease the level of the signal of the single mode fiber (SMF)for a length of (20km) for two wavelengths (1310nm & 1550nm) with attenuation of(0.34dB/km & 0.2dB/km) respectively by using Optical Frequency DomainReflectometer(OFDR).The fusion splice is assumed to be existent about (5km),theconnector about (10km) and the bend about (15km). The losses of these splices, bends,connectors and the levels of the reflected signals from the beginning of the fiber to its endhave been calculated for two wavelengths. The calculation of the reflected signals byOFDR system has shown high resolution. the attenuation of wavelength (1550) nm is lessthan (1310) nm especially in the long distances (Z ³15km), where the bending leads tobig attenuation for the wavelength (1550) nm than (1310) nm where the level of thereflected signals at the point of bending for wavelength (1550) nm was (-87.852dBm) and(-80.2dBm) for the wavelength (1310nm). A novel technique was used to detect the fault by(phase method) by using OFDR system, The degree of the phase is changing suddenly forthe reflected signals in the places where the faults are happening. The phase degreeincreases with the increase of the fiber length.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38939.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38939_88c29566b921b64d17f65d78f14cb8b1.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalil Asmail, Muna and Abid Karamallah, Abdulhassan}, title = {Evaporation of Hydrocarbon Fuel Droplet under Elevated Temperatures}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5404-5420}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.2}, abstract = {Extended model is a theoretical and analytical model for evaporation ofhydrocarbon fuel droplet. This model assumes that there is a moving hydrocarbon fuel droplet in quasisteady environmental air. Four types of fuel (n-heptane, nhexane, n-decan, and light Diesel) are used for analysis at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from about (300 – 1500) K. The initial droplet size used is 100 μm for a Reynolds number ranging from (0.1 – 1800). Computer programs have been developed in (Matlab-7) language to find out the mass evaporation rate, variationof size, droplet life time, and flame stand off ratio. The percentage value for maximum mass evaporation rate from the extended model is (0.13%) greater than that obtained from the mass evaporation rate from classical model due to the increasing of the heat gain to the movement drop. the results are compared with the existing theoretical and experimental work in literature and acceptable agreements are obtained}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38942.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38942_3b87830ecdc8c08c6418adb79b16ec13.pdf} } @article { author = {Kamel Getan, Mahmoud and Ahmed Abid, Balasim}, title = {Heat Transfer in Pool Boiling with Surfactants}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5421-5439}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.3}, abstract = {Boiling with surfactant is important in many key industrial applications suchas the petrochemical processing, refining, refrigeration, hygiene and personal care,pharmaceutical, and food processing, among others.The aims of this study are experimental determination of the heattransfer coefficient with and without the addition of surfactants to purewater and quantify the effects of surfactant concentration, ionic nature, itsethoxylation, and molecular weight on the nucleate boiling performance ofwater on vertical cylindrical heater.Several different surfactants were employed: [SDS(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate),SLES (Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate) (anionic) ]and [Triton X-100 (OctylphenolEthoxylate) (nonionic)], they have different molecular weights, ionic nature andnumber of ethylene oxide EO groups attached to its polar head.The boiling results show that with the addition of small amounts of surfactants,the saturated nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of water is found to bealtered due to reduction in the surface tension and this enhances the heattransfer.The enhancement in nucleate pool boiling depends upon wall heat flux (ortemperature difference), concentration of surfactant, ionic nature, molecular weightand number of (EO) group.The heat transfer coefficient is found to increase by asmuch as (81.9%) over that for pure water for SDS solutions while (53 %) for SLESand (45 %) for Triton X-100 at CMC (critical micelle concentration).The enhancement increases with concentration and the enhanced solutions arefound to be with C ≤ CMC. The optimum enhancement is at or near the CMC ofsurfactants. However, the maximum heat transfer enhancement is in the order ofSDS > SLES > Triton X-100, this is also, in the reverse order of their molecularweights and number of (EO) groups.}, keywords = {Nucleate Pool Boiling,Surfactant Effect}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38943.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38943_0d566d5b6c3512616ab101ae51bd8ff2.pdf} } @article { author = {K. Al-Khatat, Majid}, title = {Analysis of Z-Source Inverter For Space Vector PWM Fed 3-Phase InductionMotor}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5440-5454}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.4}, abstract = {This paper presents analysis of operation and implementation of Z-source space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter fed three phase induction motor. The Z-source is an alternative power conversion topology that can both buck and boost the input voltage using only passive components. It uses a unique LC impedance network inthe DC link between rectifier and inverter fed induction motor. It also allows the use of the shoot-through switching state, which eliminates or reduces the dead-times that are used in the conventional inverters. Therefore, the Z-source inverter can buck and boost voltage to a desired output voltage that is greater than the available input voltage. In addition, it reduces the harmonics, improves power factor, increases reliability ,low cost and highly efficient single-stage structure for buck and boost power conversion. Theoretical analysis and simulation studies using PSIM software have been performed to demonstrate these new features.}, keywords = {Source Inverter,SVPWM,Implementation,Shoot,THROUGH,Induction Motor}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38944.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38944_50ef9ec7237fe1f3f56606631e7adddf.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Ahmed Al-Obaidi, Yasir and N. Abdullah, Hadeel}, title = {Image Compression Using Lifting Scheme}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5455-5467}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.5}, abstract = {This paper introduces, firstly, a proposed method of computing one andtwo-dimensional wavelet transform .The proposed method reduces heavilyprocessing time for decomposition of image keeping or overcoming the quality ofreconstructed images. Also, the inverse procedures of all the transformations formulti- dimensional cases verified.Secondly, computes quantization and run length encoder. Different typesof quantization are presented in this paper with effects of these differences onCompression Ratio (CR).Thirdly, compute PSNR, RMSE, CR, and size. The effect noted thisdifference in levels of FLWT on same picture, where PSNR, MSRE, SIZE, andCR different from one level to another.}, keywords = {Image Compression,Lifting Wavelet Transform,Run Length Encoding}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38945.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38945_8315a9dd8a31eee35db3563587134f61.pdf} } @article { author = {B. Saeed, Azzad}, title = {Design and Implementation of a New Proposed Electronic Clock System Based on The Integrating Amplifiers}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5468-5480}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.6}, abstract = {In this paper, a new proposed system of electronic clock is discussed, designed and implemented, it consists of digital electronic components such as, logic gates and decade counters, and analog electronic components such as, integrating amplifiers. These integrating amplifiers converts the digital output signal of the minutes and hours counters to an analog triangular signal. Two signal indicators are used in this design to measure the minutes and hours output signal, which they are scaled in desired and proper manner. This system has vary good forward linearity between the measured time and the output signal of the integrating amplifiers. This system is practically implemented and tested using software package Electronic Workbench version V9, whereas, the practical, simulation and theoretical results were approximately identical, therefore, this system has successful design and implementation.}, keywords = {Counter,divider,integrator}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38946.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38946_47cf17af777c56a68b5a077cd7502801.pdf} } @article { author = {R. Jabur, Akram}, title = {Influence of Temperature on Fracture Toughness of Jute Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5481-5494}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.7}, abstract = {Jute fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin composites (J/UP) weresubjected to low velocity impact tests in several Temperatures degree in order to study the effects of temperature variance on the intrinsic fracture toughness Gc impact properties. An investigation was conducted onto the effects of temperatures on impact resistance of jute fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin composite. Impact tests were performed on the specimens at different temperatures. The temperatures were 27, 50, 75 and 100 Cº. The results reflect the influence of ambient temperature on impact toughness measurements. The resultsindicate an obvious correlation between the ambient temperatures and impact load, total absorbed energy and fracture toughness. The prepared specimens exhibited brittle fracture behavior with a lower peak load, lower impact energy and less time to fail compared with results at temperature higher Tg. The impact test results show that the total energy absorbed at 100 C° have higher energy when the composite behavior changed from brittle to ductilebehavior. The intrinsicfracture toughness is higher for specimens tested in 100 Cº and 75 Cº and shows ductile behavior; while specimens tested with temperature lower than Tg show brittle fracture and lower Gc.}, keywords = {Impact filling weight,composite,jute fiber,Intrinsic Fracture Toughness}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38948.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38948_dd0bf8db9cda024af4c02ad6abea66b3.pdf} } @article { author = {S. Ali, Haleema}, title = {Bernstein Polynomials Method For Solving Linear Volterra Integral Equation of The Second Kind}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5495-5501}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.8}, abstract = {In this paper, Bernstein polynomials method are used to find anapproximate solution for linear Volterra integral equation of the second kind.These polynomials are incredibly useful mathematical tools, because they aresimply defined. It has been shown that the polynomial has a fast convergenceswith only few steeps. Numerical example is prepared to illustrate the efficiencyand accuracy of this method}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38950.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38950_2af360d7ab2ccb23cf97dd0a46185dd1.pdf} } @article { author = {Nadeem Dhannoon, Ban and Saeed Abduljabbar, Khairiyah}, title = {Using Modified Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Tree Algorithm with Discreet Cosine Transform to Compress Color Images}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5502-5513}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.9}, abstract = {The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of a suggestedimage compression system. The scheme of the proposed system utilizes Tap 9/7wavelet transforms to decompose the image signal, and then uses Discrete CosineTransform (DCT), and uniform quantization; to compress the approximatecoefficients. The detail coefficients are coded by hierarchical uniformquantization, and then the original and modified Set Partitioning In HierarchicalTree (SPIHT) methods were applied on each color band separately. At the endsome spatial coding steps were applied on List of Significant Pixels (LSP) likeRun Length Encoding (RLE) and Shift Coding to gain more compression. The testresults indicate that the modified compression scheme shows a good performanceaspect in addition to its simplicity.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38952.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38952_8478d693f5137585978e4ef05a2fbd5e.pdf} } @article { author = {J. Jawad, Helen and A. Hassan, Fadhil}, title = {Artificial Neural Network Control of the Synchronous Generator AVR with Unbalanced Load Operating Conditions}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5514-5523}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.10}, abstract = {This paper proposes the using of artificial neural networks (ANNs') tocontrol the synchronous generator automatic voltage regulator (AVR), with unbalance load operating conditions. The neural network for control a nonlinear system is described and used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the neural network for control the drives with nonlinearities. In this study, performances of a simulated neural network AVR evaluated for a wide range of unbalanced loadsoperating conditions. The variance factors are calculated, as an indicator of optimum operation, and their values are compared for different feedback signals and various unbalanced operating conditions. The optimum control is introduced, which gives an average variance factor in ANN controller is about 1.105%, whereas the average variance factor in traditional PI controller is about 2.035%.}, keywords = {Synchronous generator,Automatic Voltage Regulator,unbalanced load,neural network controller}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38955.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38955_15a52fd9e105875cf69b127048d17ab9.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdual Arazak, Adnan and A. Mehdi, Farooq and M. Alwan, Ghanim}, title = {Operation and Ph Control of A Wastewater Treatment Unit Using Labview}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5524-5546}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.11}, abstract = {LABVIEW is a powerful and versatile graphical programming language thathad its roots in operation, automation control and data acquisition of the system. The pH control system of a non-linear wastewater treatment unit, contains heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni and Zn), had been developed depending on dynamics behavior of the process. The pH value of wastewater is change by addition chemicals (lime or Na2S). The semi-batch pH process system dynamically behaved as a first order lag with dead time. The tuning of control parameters was carried byseveral methods; Internal Model Control (IMC), Minimum (ITAE) criteria and Adaptive mode. Since the process was fast, the Integral of Absolute of Error (IAE) criteria was used to compare between the above tuning methods. Adaptive control was the best and effective to determining the values of proportional gain (Kc), Integral time constant (t I) and Derivative time constant (t D ).PI mode was found to be the best for control the fast pH process.}, keywords = {Heavy Metals,Precipitation,LABVIEW,pH Control,Adaptive Control}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38957.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38957_1fb76b59501c789b11035b79864dbce2.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammad A. Dakhil, Haider and B. AL-Baiati, Mohammad}, title = {Studying the Effect of Some Inorganic Phosphors Salts on Fire Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated polyester Composite}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5547-5560}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.12}, abstract = {In this work, the effect of four types of inorganic phosphors salts onflammability and mechanical properties (Flexural and Tensile) strength, of unsaturated polyester reinforced with glass fibers has been studied ; also , the influence of two types form of glass fibers (chopped strand mat and woven roving ), on flammability and mechanical properties of the composite, were studied . Sheets of composites with different weight percentage of additives and reinforced with two layers of each type of glass fibers, were prepared. Four standard test methods used to measure the flame retardation and mechanical properties, which are: ASTM: D – 2863, ASTM: D – 635, ASTM: D – 790 and ASTM: D – 638.Results obtained from these tests indicated that, additive IV has highefficiency as a flame retardant, self – extinguishing (S.E.) was occur at the percentage 1.5 % and non – burning ( N.B. ) was occur at the percentage 2.5 % for resin reinforced with glass fiber type woven roving and showed high effect to reduce the values of the mechanical behaviors, but additive I have low effect on retard composition and showed low effect on the values of mechanical properties}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38959.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38959_86dc8c8e14227fff7818cfc6c81fabe2.pdf} } @article { author = {Abudallah Ahmed, Abbas and Ibrahim Mohammed, Adnan}, title = {The Effect of Die Types on Yield for Drawn Copper Sheet in a Pneumatic Forming}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5561-5567}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.13}, abstract = {Pneumatic forming of nonferrous alloys is widely used to producecomponents for many traditional and advanced applications. The plastic behaviours of high purity copper sheet were investigated under pneumatic forming using open and closed dies. Experimental yield loci were determined based on the strain energy theory for open and closed dies. It has been found that the yield loci in open die expanded more than that in close die. The formability was improved due to reduction in friction coefficient. The plane strain forming and the strain distribution remain mainly uniform throughout the drawing sheet. The formed copper sheets were not thinned at the centre of the doom}, keywords = {pneumatic forming}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38962.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38962_3b1b4187813d3086c01254752ef9ba95.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Sultan, Saud}, title = {Damaging Effect of Armoured Vehicles with Rubber Tires on Flexible Pavement}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5568-5580}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.14}, abstract = {Presented in this paper is a new study of the damaging effect of military armoured vehicles with rubber tires on flexible pavements. Two types of military armoured vehicles with rubber tires were studied, namely LAV-AT four-axle and LAV-300 triple-axle. A measure of the damaging effect of military armoured vehicles with rubber tires loads was achieved by correlating their equivalent loads with the AASHTO equivalency factors. The equivalent load was developed on the basis of mechanistic - empirical approach. It was found that the damaging effect of the studied military armoured vehicles with rubber tires loads is 0. 0.200 to 4.736 times the damaging effect of the standard 18 kips (80 kN) axle load depending on the thickness of asphalt layer.}, keywords = {military armoured vehicles,four,axle,triple,axle AASHTO equivalency factors,flexible pavements,and damaging effect}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38963.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38963_0c78371dae415c1af65ba8ee08274ed9.pdf} } @article { author = {J. AL-Khishali, Kutaeba and I. Abu-Tabikh, Mohammed and Abbo, Auday.}, title = {Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Micro Pin Fins Heat Exchanger Used in Convective Cooling Application}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5581-5602}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.15}, abstract = {Experimental and theoretical investigations of flow and thermal performance of an annular pin fin heat exchangers exposed to constant heat flux have been preformed. A special test rig was designed and built for this purpose. The main test section is an annulus of radius ratio (0.85) containing 10 rows of 1mm diameter pins with 5 pins ineach row. The range of cooling air Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel, is (6774 to 11120). In the Theoretical part the well known Fluent (6.3)package was used for solving the governing equations for flow and Energy equation for heat transfer with RNG k-ε turbulence model. Results showed that the pin fins enhanced the heat transfer by a factor of (1.31 to 1.42) and increased the friction factor by (3 to 4) times compared to the one obtained for smooth annular channel without pins. A Nusselt-Reynolds correlation was obtained from the experimental datavalid in the Reynolds number range studied. Reasonable agreement between the experimental and theoretical results was obtained with average difference (5%) over the Reynolds number range. The overall thermal performance obtained was larger than (1).}, keywords = {Micro heat exchanger,Convective cooling,Pin fins}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38968.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38968_4e19ae3caaf2fefe0f86a69f213af8b8.pdf} } @article { author = {H. Helal, Baedaa and T. Hashim, Ashwaq}, title = {Measurement of Encryption Quality of Bitmap Images with RC6, and two modified version Block Cipher}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5603-5613}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.16}, abstract = {With the fast evolution of digital data exchange, security informationbecomes much important in data storage and transmission. Due to the increasinguse of images in industrial process, it is essential to protect the confidential imagedata from unauthorized access. In this paper, RC6 with two modified version 512bit RC6 and 640 bit RC6-Cascade encryption algorithms will be analyzed toinvestigate the encryption efficiency for them to digital images and providing anew mathematical measure for encryption efficiency. Detailed results in terms ofsecurity analysis and implementation are given. Comparative study with threeversions of RC6 encryption algorithms is shown the superiority of the modifiedalgorithms. Three measuring quality factors will be considered to evaluate andcompare between the three encryption algorithms RC6, 512 RC6, and 640 RC6-Cascaded. These measuring factors are the maximum deviation, the correlationcoefficient and irregular deviation.}, keywords = {Bitmap,quality,encryption}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38977.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38977_2f8e0057c6a9c8f19453d33d56b67951.pdf} } @article { author = {Adel Ali, Ammar and A. Hussein, Haitham and S. Al Khafaji, Mahmoud}, title = {Hydrological Operation Requirements for Restoration and Improving Water Quality of Abu Zirig Marsh}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5614-5627}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.17}, abstract = {A hydrological routing study for Abu Zirig Marsh was carried out toestimate the hydrological state within the marsh for the Present and future conditions of the marsh.The water surface elevation, area and storage within the marsh at the present and for the future conditions were estimated and the effect of uncontrolling outlets on the hydrological and water quality state of the marsh at the present conditions was specified. The salt mass balance equation was used to estimate the inflow and outflow discharges that required for reducing the effect of evapotranspiration on the water quality and flashing out the accumulated mass of salts and then improving the marsh water quality. This equation was applied on the future conditions of themarsh and inflow and outflow discharges that required for this purposes were estimated. The results of the hydrological routing for the present conditions showed that the maximum water surface area is 79 km2 which occur during Spring. While it is between 34 to 43 km2 during Summer and Autumn and it can not be increased during these months since the outlet of the marsh is uncontrolled. The TDS concentration within the marsh increases during the months of high evapotranspiration although the inflow increases during these months. For the future conditions, the inflow discharges required to sustain the restoration requirements must be increased to decrease the deterioration in the marsh water quality. These discharges increase with the increase in the marsh areaduring the months of high evapotranspiration values.}, keywords = {Hydrological Operation,Restoration,Improving Water Quality,Abu Zirig Marsh}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38981.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38981_591feb182614b9a55d087ec00485ecff.pdf} } @article { author = {Sabah Sadeq, Noor}, title = {Influence of Natural Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {17}, pages = {5628-5635}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.17.18}, abstract = {The present study deals with the effects of natural fibers on some mechanicalproperties of the Epoxy composite. This research was carried out by reinforcingthe matrix (Epoxy) resin with natural material (cane sugar fibers) and syntheticfibers (chopped carbon fibers). The natural fibers were exposure to chemicaltreatment before reinforcement.The hybrid composites contain of chopped carbon and cane sugar fibers isproduced using hand lay method. Each sample was reinforced with differentvolume fraction such as 30%, 20%, and 10%. After preparation of compositematerial some of the mechanical properties flexural and impact tests were studiedof prepared samples.Cane sugar composite has the higher values (of flexural strength 490.77 MPa andof impact strength 93.92 KJ/m2 ) than chopped carbon composites (flexuralstrength 93.19 MPa and impact strength 23.92 KJ/m2). It was found that theadditions of natural fibers (cane sugar) to chopped carbon fibers improve of themechanical properties of hybrid composites}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39029.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39029_463658b2c10a3ab7990d066cb1498edb.pdf} }