@article { author = {}, title = {Study the Rates of Corrosion in Aluminium Reinforced By Silicon Carbide}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {834-846}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.15}, abstract = {In this work production of aluminium matrix composites with silicon carbide (α-SiC) as reinforcement material were fabricate, the particle sizes of (SiC) used were (500μm- 250 μm and125 μm), with weight percentage of (7.5% - 10% - 15%) from silicon carbide for eachparticle size. The single action pressing was used as one of P/M methods then followed by sintering process at temperature of 450 ºC. The samples subjected to the electrochemical corrosion test at room temperature.The medium of corrosion was solution of 3% weight (NaCl+distilled water)solution. It is found from the photograph microscopy and the results test that all samples which reinforced by(SiC) particles have a(craves or pit) which caused by the particles that act as a cathode sites , and when the size and the percentage of particles increase the Icorr through it also increase as shown in the result.}, keywords = {aluminium matrix composites,the electrochemical corrosion,M metho}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39532.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39532_297c014e315e660e4d5a8c04411ccf8a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Ethanol Production From Whey ByMixed of Yeast}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {847-859}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.16}, abstract = {The study is aimed to improve of ethanol production from crude wheydependency on mixed culture of lactose-fermenting yeasts and baker's yeast ( S.cerevisiae) under optimum condition of pH and mixture of sugars concentration, hence studying the effect of defferent agitated speeds on ethanol production. The study was included: Studying the effect of sugar concentration and pH value in working of each yeastthrough making expirements for Ethanol and Biomass production from different concentrations whey lactose and experiments, to produce ethanol and Biomass from crude and supplimented whey, by (K2HPO4 NH4Cl, MgSO4.7H2O) by using S.cerevisiae at different pH values, 35 °C for two days . - mix-culture of yeasts above were used for producing ethanol and biomass from different whey Lactose concentrations.- Studying effects of defferent agitated speeds on ethanol production from whey by the beast co-culture producer , under four Agitated speeds (50, 100, 150, 200) rpm under optimum determined pH5, (6)% lactose concentration ,35°C for two days.- The results was:- Obtained two Isolated yeast strains C.kyfer-T, and C.kyfer-Sfrom crude whey.- Incapable of S.cerevisiae to produce ethanol from all concentrations of synthetic lactose ,crude ,and additive whey lactose , but it able to produce biomass from each type of lactose , the ablity of both C.kyfer strains to produce ethanol and biomass, and C.kyfer –T is the beast producer. - The beast ethanol production was (5.1)% from only(6)%whey lactose by mixculture of (C.kyfer –T + C.kyfer –S).- the best was (11.4)% ethanol at (150)rpm , while biomass production was contineous increasing , and the best production was (12.1)% biomass at (200) rpmby mix-culture of (C.kyfer –T + C.kyfer –S).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39533.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39533_c99f09a5a8ddba6bb8bc2fe4a37d4f98.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Sublimity In Architecturea Study of The Emergence of The Sublime In Architectural Form Through Structure Manipulation}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {860-879}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.17}, abstract = {Within the discipline of architecture, theory is a parallel discourse which describes the practice and production of architecture and identifies challenges to it especially in its structural composition .One of the most important theoretical contemporary terms is sublimity .where the term of aesthetic theory had changed , and sublimity was one of the key concept in nineteenth century and romantic aesthetic .Following its root in phenomenological and psychological approaches inwhich rhetorical effects of the sublime are described in details , which reflect sense glorious , luxuriousness and beauty .Terminological meaning of sublimity not only refer to this name butextended to express highness , dread and grandeur . the postmodern notion of sublimity present itself today in several guises including the uncanny , grotesque and the indeterminate . Analysis of previous studies addressing sublimity in architecture has shownlack of an adequate knowledge concerning the application of sublimity concept in architectural composition . In particular , emphasis was placed upon the nature of sublimity that achieved through different structures , and that what the research problem concentrates on " There was no previous perception about the aesthetic sublime that is accomplished through the structure manipulation in architecturalform " . To achieve this it is necessary to : First phase , formulate conceptual framework composed of two parts ; first , discuss theorists ideas that laid the groundwork for today's emerging aesthetic of contemporary sublimity , and the second , isolate and structure the main and the secondary indicators of sublimity , Second phase , to examine the nature of this indicators on elected architecturalcomposition that possess a unique structure and finally to determine the final conclusion of the research .}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39534.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39534_77dcddc5f2e61f0e00207649074e11ed.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Study The Characteristics Thermal For Polymer Matrix Composite Reinforced By Copper Particles}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {880-893}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.18}, abstract = {In view of the developments of industrial applications, this happened in recent years and the need to use composite materials in general and polymer composite especially in the various industrial applications developed. this research deals with the study of the thermal characteristics for polymer composite and its matrix materialis (unsaturated polyester) reinforced by copper particles for circular form of spacemen with Special dimension to examine in Lees Disk Apparatus by using the following weight fracture(7%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,45%,50%,75%).we found increasing in thethermal conductivity with increase of weight fracture and when comparing the values of thermal conductivity to resin unsaturated polyester without any additions the value is (0.17w/m.co) and when at the weight fracture 7% the value is (1.049 w/m.co) and the values of the thermal conductivity begin to increasing with the increasing ofthe Wight fracture whish used in this research were the value of thermal conductivity is (1.838 w/m.co ) at weight fracture 30% and still increasing to the highest value to (7.269 w/m.co )at the weight fracture 75% , its mean the positive effect of copper particles on the polymer composite materials and returns to increasing and improvethe thermal characteristics of polymer material .}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39535.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39535_90bdfdf129169d2015c57e93fa41579f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Most Distresses Causes in Flexible Pavement For Baghdad Streets At Last Years}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {894-906}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.19}, abstract = {It is clearly evident that the service sector, especially recently, requiring discussion and solution. Because this section involves the daily life of the citizen and is complex in nature and requires urgent consideration to determine points of weakness during implementation stage in Baghdad city (both sides). Road and highway are vital in Baghdad where roads maintenance having a great significance.Through observation of materials used and the performance of working standard involved, it has become operant where failure can be visible. This paper reflects evidence through observation of laboratory tests of asphalt mixtures and their failure and the repeat of divergence from. General specification for road and bridge. Department of planning and studies 2003, revised edition 2003. It also, covers operational performance of road and streets covered by this study by comparison of deviations between laboratory tests results for these roads andstreets and actual performance after certain period of time. The conclusion shows special divergence (through aggregate graduation of asphalt mixture, bitumen percentage, marshal stability, degree of compaction and asphalt layer thickness). These divergences are effective and commonly repeated which require certain action to a void failure by doing job mix formula according to the requiredspecification for the used layer course in addition to used the raw material that successful in laboratory tests with the implementation with the correct steps that giving the correct depth of layers. Consequently, better performance standards can be achieved.}, keywords = {Asphalt Mixture,marshal stability,asphalt overlay,asphalt paving maintenance}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39536.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39536_7abac7638754bb39b44e2bfcb38a8187.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Diabetes Treatment Methods And Effect of Their Complications on Kidney}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {907-922}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.20}, abstract = {The study included 82 patients whom infected with diabetes disease and 15 healthy individual from different places in Baghdad ( 1/4/2008 to 1/6/2009 ) patients were subjected to the glucose rate test in blood. The patients were divided into two groups, the first was included the patients who treat with insulin, while the second group included the patients who treat with oral hypoglycemic drugs. The study aimed to measure the glucose rate test in blood on those who have diabetes disease and it's relationship with the time and power of infection and the way of treatment and the comparison between the two sex and it's effect on the infection of nephropathy from measuring the protein's level and activity of some ( enzymes Alkaline phosphates and acid phosphates) AL.P, AC.P, Albumin (A ), A/G ratio, ( Glutamat oxaloacetate transminase ) GOT, ( Glutamat pyruvate transminase ) GPT, ( Total protein ) T.P. Results show increasing in glucose's concentration in blood has relationship with long duration of infection and the infection of male and female is similar. Long duration of infection has a great effect on occurring nephropathy while the infection with nephropathy was a result of infection with diabetes disease in female in old ages is more than in male. The study is also appeared that the treatment with insulin is more qualification that the treatment of oral hypoglycemic drugs, noticed that the glucose rate is decreased in patients who have treatment with insulin.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39537.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39537_6387e93cd8096f77ff752ebdc78802a0.pdf} } @article { author = {F. Tawfeq, Jamal and Monem S. Rahma, Abdul}, title = {A Knowledge Representation Language for Arabic Semantic Web Using Resources Description Framework}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5631-5639}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.1}, abstract = {The World Wide Web is the greatest repository of information ever assembledby man. The web was not designed to be processed by machines. The webinformation is meaningless for computer, and it is very hard to find out what you arelooking for. For this reason, it has new challenges a raise to build a Semantic Webinfrastructure where documents will be understandable by human and computers. Theknowledge creation and development of Semantic Web application has not yet beeneasy.In this paper Resources Description Framework (RDF) will be used as aknowledge representation language which allows the representation of an ArabicSentence in Web environment to be annotated with semantics. And present formalismfor the language and discuss the features that make it well suited for the Arabic Web.}, keywords = {Semantic Web,Semantic Net,Knowledge Representation,RDF}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39225.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39225_f23ec5abf292eaf57cdb86a4d7a5b898.pdf} } @article { author = {H. Rashid, Khalid}, title = {Electrochemical Behavior of Chemical Conversion of Coated Aluminum 1100Al in a Neutral Tartrate Solution}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5640-5650}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.2}, abstract = {1100 Al specimens were anodically oxidized in different concentrations oftartaric acid-tartrate solution (pH=7) in 1, 1.75, 3.25 and 4 wt % at temperatures of30, 37.5, 52.5 and 60 ºC by applying a range of potentials of 30, 37.5, 52.5 and 60V at exposure times of 40, 47.5, 62.5 and 70 min.. These four variables aremanipulated through the experimental work using Box – Wilson experimentaldesign where second order polynomial model was proposed to correlate the studiedvariables with the thickness of anodic film of aluminum alloy (1100) to estimatethe coefficients of the proposed polynomial adopted via statistica software.Optimum conditions for achieving the maximum film thickness are obtained fromoptimizing the above correlation and are found as follows: temp. = 44ºC, acid conc.= 2.8 wt %, voltage = 43.6 V, time = 54.6 min.. Stagnate Solutions of 3, 5, 10 and25 wt % Nacl at 25ºC have been investigated using polarization technique atoptimum conditions for anodizing. The most important feature achieved was thegreat difference in behavior between the anodic polarization curves for bare andanodized aluminum in different concentrations of Nacl solutions. The corrosionrates for anodized specimens are lower than those for unanodized ones. Thepolarization behavior of anodizing specimens shows that the breakdown potentialsare shifted to more noble direction than bare specimens which is more pronouncedin 25 wt % Nacl solution due to anodizing.}, keywords = {Aluminum Alloy,Anodizing,Tartrate Solution,Neutral Conditions,box,Wilson,Polarization}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39228.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39228_91656fb041627b22911e9416e0351f67.pdf} } @article { author = {R. Areef, Sheelan}, title = {Effect of (Zn & Mg) on Corrosion Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5651-5659}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.3}, abstract = {Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy (Nitinol or NiTi) is a fascinatingmaterial for dental applications. In this work the alloy has been produced by powdermetallurgy approach. The effect of Mg and Zn additives studied on the; hardness,porosity percentage, and corrosion rate has been studied. Master Samples (withoutadditives) were prepared using powder mixture of 55 wt% Ni and 45 wt% Ti bymixing them in a ball mill for two hours, then compacted at 300, 400, 500, 600, 700,and 800 Mpa, then sintered at 950 oC for 9 hours under controlled atmosphere(argon). The same approach was used for the prepared samples with Mg and Znadditions compacted at 800 Mpa. XRD examination shows that the sintered samplesare consisting of two phases martensite and austenite at room temperatures, this meanthermal NiTi shape memory alloy. From the results, it was found that Mg additivesincrease hardness and decrease the corrosion rate while Zn additives increase thecorrosion rate.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39235.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39235_798c608574fa9b719e8c7419aeed4461.pdf} } @article { author = {T. Salem, Evan}, title = {Carrier Life Time, Time Constant, And Other Related Detector Parameter For Porous Silicon /Silicon Heterojunction Detector}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5660-5673}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.4}, abstract = {In the present work, Porous silicon constituting silicon nanostructures layerhave been produce on crystal silicon using different preparation condition in laserinduced electrical etching process. Were a (800 nm) , (1watt) semiconductor laserhas been used with the electrochemical etching process to prepare the porous layeron the surface of (111) n- type silicon substrate. Two different Silicon resistivitiesof (0.564,4.29) W.cm was employed to prepared (Ps/ Si) heterojunction at differentpreparation condition. The characteristic of the prepared device has been found todepend directly on the formation current density and substrate resistivity. Theobtained device has good parameter to work as a detector in the (V- NIR) region .}, keywords = {porous silicon,Heterojunction,carrier life time,detector parameter}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39239.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39239_99782eb7f628d745bd3c8207c7d46163.pdf} } @article { author = {Najm Abdullah, Mohammed}, title = {Active Directory Monitoring System Using Optimized Web Database Application And AJAX Techniques}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5674-5682}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.5}, abstract = {The process control network and subscribers to extract information entry andexit, supported them by providing time for the cases of entry and exit, and archiving indatabases has become one of the basic requirements of each organizationIn this paper, we propose designing a system control and monitoring of participantswithin the scope (Domain) by taking advantage of the previous registration system(Active Directory) through the use of modern techniques to ensure speed andprotection, that is (ASP.Net) and Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)technology with data storage in using archive (MS SQL Server)The implementation results show the capability of AJAX that meets the optimalperformance through implementing an employees ’ logins monitoring system. This isdone through taking the benefit of Microsoft domain server logs file that records thelogins for all employees linked to that domain and collecting these information to benicely showed in web report automatically every day. This daily task is controlled byusing Microsoft tasks schedules linked to Microsoft SQL server tasks. So thisimplementation of the employees’ logins monitoring system illustrates the building ofa system using Microsoft IIS, Microsoft SQL 2000, AJAX, and Microsoft.NETFramework to create powerful control web applications.}, keywords = {Active Directory,Web Monitoring,Web Applications,AJAX}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39245.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39245_ac8f015945c6ec11b2bd3618f2574e2d.pdf} } @article { author = {Nooraldeen Abed Almousawi, Fadhel}, title = {Derivation Mathematical Formulas For Tilt Angles of a Flat Plate Sun Trucking Collector with a Simulation In C++ Language}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5683-5694}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.6}, abstract = {In this paper a mathematical formula was driven to estimate the tilt angle ofsurface from horizontal Σ and the surface azimuth angle Ψ for a flat plate solarcollector which gives maximum total incident solar radiation on a flat plate solarcollector designed for heating water. According to the formulas of estimating Σ and Ψwhich driven in this study a C++ program had been built and used to simulate theperformance of a sun trucking solar collector, so the collector orientation varies withday time to give maximum incident solar radiation at each hour (in this case one hourtime interval used) by estimating the surface azimuth angle and the tilt angle ofsurface from horizontal at the desired hour (time),and compare the results with thenormal case of using stationary solar collector (oriented to the south with tilt angleequal to latitude). All calculations done for the city of Baghdad in January .Resultsshow that the incident solar radiation and storage temperature in the case of suntrucking collector system is greater than it's in the case of stationary collector (normalcase) which gives system more stability.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39251.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39251_d476516fe69aa98928d6d6e432c95e2c.pdf} } @article { author = {K. Majeed, Saad and K. Abbas, Hussein}, title = {An Improved Distributed Association Rule Algorithm}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5695-5710}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.7}, abstract = {All Distributed association rules mining (DARM) algorithms which bases on Apriori algorithm don't have an efficient message optimization technique, so they exchange numerous messages during the mining process which needs several distributed scan operations to the distributed warehouses or distributed databases to get the support values, also the performance of these DARM algorithms decreased with increasing communication cost especially when increasing the number ofdistributed mining sites as well as the itemsets to be mined become more larger . The aim of this work is to improve association rules in distributed data mining by proposing a new efficient method of distributed association rule mining, which reduce the average size of records transferred, datasets and messages transferred without needto any distributed scan to the distributed data warehouses or distributed databases to retrieve the values of the support values of these datasets. The results obtained from the proposed method prove that the proposed method is better than the existing algorithms by reducing communications costs, centralstorage requirements, enhanceperformance and achieves high degree of scalability compared with the existing algorithms.}, keywords = {distributed association rule mining,datasets,Apriori Algorithm,support}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39259.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39259_b7c023c27527e483cd1689a04d312c6a.pdf} } @article { author = {N. Al-Rawi, Suha and A. Al-Heety, Fuad and S. Hasan, Saba}, title = {A New Computational Method for Optimal Control Problem with B-spline Polynomials}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5711-5718}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.8}, abstract = {The main purpose of this work is to propose direct method which is employedby using state vector parameterization (SVP) to convert the quadratic optimal controlproblems into quadratic programming problem. The state vector parameterization isbased on the spline polynomial which includes: B-spline as a basis functions toapproximate the system state variables by a finite length of the basis functions seriesof unknown parameters. An example as application of this method is given}, keywords = {Optimal control,direct method,spline polynomials}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39264.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39264_4e60b983d9b297132517d50848d6fe14.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Sultan, Saud}, title = {Damaging Effect of Tracked Armoured Vehicles on Flexible Pavement}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5719-5731}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.9}, abstract = {Presented in this paper is a new study of the AASHTO equivalency factorsof military tracked armoured vehicles on flexible pavement. Two types of militarytracked armoured vehicles were studied, namely Challenger 2 tank and MT-LB-Ttracked armoured vehicle. A measure of the damaging effect of military trackedarmoured vehicle loads was achieved by correlating their equivalent loads with theAASHTO equivalency factors. The equivalent load was developed on the basis ofmechanistic - empirical approach. It was found that the damaging effect of thestudied military tracked armoured vehicle loads is 0.039 to 5.750 times thedamaging effect of the standard 18 kips (80 kN) axle load depending on thethickness of asphalt layer. It was found that the damaging effect of militarytracked armoured vehicle loads on flexible pavements of major highways andmain principal roads is much more than its damaging effect on the flexiblepavement of local and secondary roads. It was found also, that tracked armouredvehicles have a severe damaging effect on the functional serviceability of surfaceasphalt layer in terms of deformation and strains due to the effect of rigid trackchain.}, keywords = {military tracked armoured vehicles,AASHTO equivalency factors,flexible pavements,and damaging effect}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39270.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39270_12cb26f35d24b518a2988a2a5db745f1.pdf} } @article { author = {K. Abbass, Khalid and R. Jabur, Akram and B. H. Farid, Saad}, title = {The Effect of Solvent Additions on theMechanical Properties of Epoxy}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5732-5743}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.10}, abstract = {The effect of the TolueneC6H5CH3 and Acetone (CH3)2CO additions on themechanical properties of cured Epoxy is studied. Different weight percentages ofToluene (0, 4, 8, 10 & 14 wt%) and Acetone (0, 3, 5, 8 & 10 wt%) were usedunder curing temperatures (40°C and 60°C) for Toluene and 40°C for Acetonewith curing time of 24hrs. The results show improved mechanical properties(Young modulus and Fracture stress) for Epoxy samples cured at 40°C with theincrease of Toluene to a maximum of 8wt%, then these properties are degraded asthe Toluene percentage increase. In the contrary, the Epoxy samples cured at 60 °Cshows poorer properties with increased weight percentages of the Toluene.Epoxy samples thinned with different amount of Acetone solvent isprepared and cured. These samples show best mechanical properties at Acetoneaddition of 5wt%. Extra amounts of Acetone addition degrade the results. Themechanical properties, fracture morphology and FTIR spectra shows moreaggressive effect of the Acetone compared with Toluene as solven}, keywords = {polymer,Solvent,Mechanical properties,fracture morphology,FTIR spectra}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39277.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39277_511d631ae565ca6e3716689dc5e52217.pdf} } @article { author = {J. Hadi, Wildan and K. Jabbar, Emad}, title = {Face Occlusion Detection and Recovery using Fuzzy C-Means}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5744-5756}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.11}, abstract = {This paper presents a framework to detect and recover the occluded facial region. We based on fact that any face has symmetric and not symmetric facial features and all these symmetric facial features are consistent with the shape of the face. So that, if there is an occlusion in one half of the input face image, then the second half is used to recover the occlusion. Using symmetry feature of the facemakes the recovered face very close to the original face image in terms of pixel values and in general appearance. In other side when features do not symmetric, the occlusion can not be recovered using the symmetry feature of the face as the case the mouth region is occluded, so the images database is used to select from it the most similar face images to the occluded face image to use it to select similar face to recover occlusion. In current work, we first detect the occluded face imageby using pixel based skin color segmentation and eye template matching. Then, using fuzzy c-means to detect occlusion. Finally, the procedure for recovery is implemented. The results shows that the proposed algorithm provides an effective solution to solve the problem of face occlusion. This work can used in many applications as in repair the important persons historic image and archive image which we get results reaches to 73% of identical to original image which has 40% occluded}, keywords = {face,Occlusion,fuzzy c,means,Template Matching,Skin color segmentation}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39311.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39311_cc7bd8d7e7784b2e90290b04fd9166f3.pdf} } @article { author = {Ziboon, H.T.}, title = {Upgrading Two Dimensional Search Radar to Three Dimensional Search Radar Based on SDR}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5757-5770}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.12}, abstract = {This paper presents an exploitation of the existing two dimensional radars(2D) which have two identical antennas for reception to be upgraded to a threedimensional radar (3D) in order to measure the height as well as the slant rangeand azimuth direction. The height measurement is important for preliminaryinformation for reducing the time required for acquisition. Software DefinedRadio (SDR) is chosen for the implementation of height finder processor is givenin this paper. Design parameters are selected for the proposed height finderprocessor in order to accommodate SDR requirement. This work is also concernedwith the analysis of the parameters which affect the accuracy of height finding.These parameters include the refraction index, smooth surface reflection,divergence and rough surface reflection. The results of the analysis show thefeasibility of this proposal to upgrade the 2D to 3D radars}, keywords = {Radar,Height finder,beam,Elevation angle measurement}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39329.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39329_41ee52e78d8f161e9eca6a856403d219.pdf} } @article { author = {K. Ibrahim, Neran and H. Khazaal, Shaymaa}, title = {Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solutions By Adsorption with Coal Ash}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5771-5781}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.13}, abstract = {Dynamic adsorption studies were performed to study the suitability of coal ash to remediate fluoride-contaminated water. A series of experiments were conducted with aqueous solutions containing 2.5, 5, 10, 50 and100 mgF-/â„“ at 29 oC in a column packed with 500g of coal ash. The flow rate through the bed was 2 mâ„“/hr. The effects of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration and sorbent particle size range on fluoride removal efficiency were studied. Better removal efficiencies were obtained with lower particle size ranges. The F- concentration inthe effluent gradually decreased reaching 0 mg/ â„“ after 96-168 hours depending on the initial adsorbate concentration. The kinetic results showed that defluorination follows first order kinetics. An empirical formula was proposed to describe the relationship between the fluoride removal efficiency and the dependent operating variables with 95% confidence level.}, keywords = {Fluoride removal,adsorption,Coal ash,Statistical Analysis}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39349.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39349_c1ead838bec012661b445a43ca024710.pdf} } @article { author = {Y. Fattah, Mohammed and El-Ghany, Shaymaa and S. Abdaljabbar, Ahmed}, title = {Analysis of the Performance of Flexible Pavement under the Effect of Wheel and Thermal Loads}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {28}, number = {18}, pages = {5782-5802}, year = {2010}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.28.18.14}, abstract = {One of the major sources of distress in roads is the cracks that appear in flexible asphalt pavements. Combined wheel and thermal load induced cracking in the form of bottom-up and top-down fatigue cracking.In this paper, combined effect of wheel loads and temperature is considered in finite element analysis of flexible pavement layers. The heat flow equations are derived and the program (ANSYS V 5.4) is utilized to carry out the analysis. The subgrade layer is modeled as an elasto-plastic material following Drucke–rPrager model for yielding of the isotropic material, while both the asphalt and base layers areconsidered elastic. Three different thicknesses for the asphalt layer are tried; namely, 0.05 m, 0.10 m and 0.15 m, respectively. A temperature rise of 40 oC was considered in addition to wheel pressures.It was found that an increase of wheel pressure from (500) to (700) kN/m2 leads to increase in vertical displacement of about (4 – 8)%. This increase becomes (10 – 22%) when the wheel pressure becomes 1000 kN/m2. The temperature rise leads to decrease in the effect of wheel pressure because temperature leads to expansion (upward movement) reverse to wheel load effect. The effect of wheel load is transmitted directly to the underlying subgrade within the wheel zone. The deformed zone under the wheel becomes larger when the load increases. The maximum displacement increases by about (24%) when the load isduplicated.}, keywords = {Flexible pavement,wheel loads,temperature,Finite elements}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39368.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_39368_5df7cd62dcadd51ad2ae423f8082447d.pdf} }