@article { author = {J. Al-Akawi, Hussain and Abdul Hassan Wheib, Mohammad and A. Shakir, ed and Hussain Ali, Olla}, title = {Effect of Fiber Orientation Angle on the Energy Absorption Characteristics of Composite Tubes}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2357-2368}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.1}, abstract = {The purpose of the paper is to present a study of the effect of the ply orientation angle on the crushing behavior, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and failure mode of woven glass fiber/polyester laminated composite tube. Glasspolyester tubular specimens with circular cross-sectional geometry and (+45˚/-45˚, +60°/-30°, 0°/90°) fiber orientation angles were fabricated and crushed by quasistatic test under the same condition to examine the energy absorption characteristics and to calculate the crashworthiness parameters. The loaddisplacement curves of the tested tubes were presented and described; several failure modes of the crushed tubes were observed and discussed. It has been found that the fiber orientation angle has a considerable effect on the crushing characteristic of the collapsed tubes and the failure mode, and (0°/90°) fiber orientation angle tubes exhibit the highest SEA (specific energy absorption) 33.108 kJ/kg, crush force efficiency (0.7), crush strain relation (0.81) and a load/deformation curve closer to the ideal curve than the other specimens.}, keywords = {Crushing,circular tube,Failure mode and Energy absorption}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60873.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60873_88318a5dfaf3a6fc9140f0758454d4f3.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammad H. Yaseen, Suhair and E. Habboush, Alberteen}, title = {Decrease of Phenolic Preservatives in Insulin Preparations at Different Storing Conditions and after Ending their Expiry Date}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2369-2380}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.2}, abstract = {Determination of phenolic compounds in insulin preparations includes extraction with ethyl acetate (phases ratio organic to aqueous is 1:5 with one batch or 1:10 with two batches) in acidic medium (PH =1.5-2), and then quantification by GC or UV spectrophotometric techniques. This study leads to ensure that the preservatives concentrations are effected by different conditions in the store of insulin preparations. The concentration of methyl paraben was (0.808)mgml after expiry date by (150-170) days . When the insulin preparations stored at freezing point for (9-10) days, the concentration of methyl paraben reduced to (0.37)mgml, and to (0)mgml , after (16-18)days at freezing point . Uv-Vis method was proposed and applied for drawing calibration curve at 272 nm. for mcresol which is used as preservative in insulin preparations. While methyl paraben was determined by GC technique.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60875.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60875_1c7c05bc71000324fe1becf2829e4f82.pdf} } @article { author = {T. Ziboon, Hadi and Y. Eisa, Alaa}, title = {Implementing of Forward Link Channel CDMA2000-1x System by Using Simulink HDL Coder}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2381-2400}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.3}, abstract = {This work is a proposed simulation for forward link channel of CDMA2000 -1x system by using QPSK, 8QAM and 16QAM, and converting the proposed system to VHDL language by using Simulink HDL Coder for implementing in FPGA board. The results of simulation for forward link channel of CDMA2000 system shows improvement when using three levels of codes (LPNC, Walsh code and complex coding) in the present of AWGN for QPSK modulation the system performance is improved from (1.8 to 1.9) in dB for BER (Bit Error Rate) 10 to 10 and for 8QAM the system performance is improved at (2.9) in dB for BER 10 to 10 and for 16QAM the system performance is improved from (1 to 1.2) in dB for BER 10 to 10 . The results of simulation in the present of AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel are improvement within (0.5) in dB for the different Doppler Frequencies (5 - 230Hz). The Simulink HDL Coder has been used for converting the MATLABSimulink models to VHDL language. The verification of the generated VHDL code has been done using Altera-ModelSim program, while the synthesis reports and board programming files have been obtained using the Quartus II program. System implementation has been done using FPGA technology with Altera Cyclone II boards. The implementation of the forward link channel by using Simulink HDL coder shows feasibility and flexibility in solving the problem of complex multiplication of complex spreading code also the practical results were closed to that obtained from ModelSim program.}, keywords = {CDMA,FPGA,LPNC,VHDL}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60876.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60876_a83fa741931a1b33913422680d8bb3d9.pdf} } @article { author = {Noori Hamzah, Mohsin}, title = {Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis for Elastomeric Materials under Finite Strain}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2401-2420}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.4}, abstract = {In this paper the finite element methodis used as a numerical techniqueto investigatethe three-dimensional elastomeric materials (rubber or rubber-like materials) under finite, or large, strains analysis.The non-linear element equations for the displacement and pressure field parameters are formulated using the minimized variational approach. Essentially, approximate solutions for the displacement and pressure field parameters are obtained from the solutions of the two corresponding sets of non-linear simultaneous equations via the nonlinear Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. The basic iterative solution procedure convergence is further improved via breaking the applied load down into load incrementwith optimized incremental steps. Additionally,a complete finite element formulation is reported and detailed in this work,and the mathematical complexities conjoined with such kinds of analysis are simplified as possible. Solving some numerical examples and comparing the results with that obtained from some available results and ANSYS 12.0 showed that the current formulation of the finite element methods is correctand the resulted program is capable for solving incompressible elastomeric materials under finite strain. The formulation used for the finite element derivations for large strain analysis gave satisfactory results as compared with that of available results.}, keywords = {Nonlinear FEM,Finite strain,large deformation,elastomers,rubber,like materials}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60877.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60877_c98da9f3d6e5c45520fc65d1a20edf10.pdf} } @article { author = {Amer Hassan, Mustafa}, title = {Studying the Effect of Doping in Some Physical Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Film}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2421-2430}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.5}, abstract = {Thin films of pure copper oxide and doped copper oxide have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis. The films were doped with Manganese (Mn) by 2% & 4% ratios. X-ray diffraction show that all prepared films have The two strong peaks of the CuO films appear at 35.74o and 38.95o which correspond to diffraction from planes (-111) and (111) respectively. The absorption coefficient was calculated from transmission spectra range (450 – 950 nm) , the absorption coefficient increase by doping, the allowed direct optical band gab energy has been evaluated from absorption coefficient and the energy band gab increased by doping.}, keywords = {thin film,Pyrolysis,Copper oxide,Absorption coefficient}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60879.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60879_af45bec8b764d79e0cae932718d155e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Madhloom Gatea, Shakir and Maitham Jabber, Abbass}, title = {Finite Element Analysis of Sheet Metal U-Bending Using Free Form Surface}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2431-2442}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.6}, abstract = {This paper deals with the optimization of tools geometry in sheet metal forming U-bending in order to reduce the equivalent strain, equivalent stress, and thickness change after forming. Free form surface method (Bezier curve, B-spline curve, and NURBS curve) is used to generate the die and punch profile; this technique is accurate to describing the die and punch profile. A 3D numerical simulation using the Ansys 12.1 FEM code was conducted to understand the effect of die profile in final product. The results show that the more uniform distributions in strain, stress, and thickness when using same profile radius for die and punch (Bezier curve).}, keywords = {bending,free form surface,FEA}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60881.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60881_11a7b58cb40ebf320cb9ab3ef262d671.pdf} } @article { author = {H. Karim, Hussein and A. N. Al-dami, Haidar}, title = {Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Structures Using GPR Technique with an Intermediate Frequency Antennas}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2443-2452}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.7}, abstract = {Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique of imaging the subsurface structures at high resolution and it is a non-destructive technique can consequently be applied in many civil engineering fields and sensitive environments. The amount of data collected however can be very large and take a significant level of subjective experience to interpret. This study focuses upon the ability of using the GPR with 250 MHz and 500 MHz antennas (intermediate frequencies) to investigate the reinforced concrete to indicate the quantity of steel bars and their configurations in the concrete constructed in the hidden mensurations. The recent study shows the ability of using the intermediate frequency antennas for such fields.}, keywords = {Ground Penetrating Radar,Antenna frequency,Dielectric constant,Creeping waves,Concrete structures,Steel bar reinforcement}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60882.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60882_0acc66937a94c46540de3872b829e385.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed Eessa, Hamsa and Taleb Rasheed, Rashed}, title = {Synthesis of Metal Complexes Derived from Salicylidene p-Aminoacetophenone}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2453-2460}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.8}, abstract = {The Schiff base ligand (HL) has been prepared by the reaction of paminoacetophenone with salicylaldehyde. This ligand was used to prepare complexes of the type [ML2(H2O)2], (where M 2+ = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu). The resulting product was found to be solid which have been characterized using FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Elemental analyses have been performed using atomic absorption technique; the magnetic susceptibility and the conductivity have also been measured.}, keywords = {aminoacetophenone,salicyldehyde,Schiff base complexes}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60883.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60883_003ca8e77590fc4c8b41e7ac26ec6a75.pdf} } @article { author = {Zainal, Israa and AL-Gebori, Abdulnasser}, title = {Estimation of Serum Anti-Cyclic CitrullinatedPeptide, Glutathione, Copper and Zinc in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2461-2466}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.9}, abstract = {This study aimed to determine the level of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP), glutathione (GSH), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in sera of the patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and healthy subjects to examine their possible role in this disease. Thirty patients in MS were included for evaluation of serum anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP), glutathione (GSH), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and they compared with thirty normal healthy subjects. Results revealed that the serum levels of GSH and Cu were highly significant lower in MS patients than in healthy control group p< 0.005. The mean serum levels of Zn for both groups were significantly decrease p< 0.04, but the mean serum levels of ACCP in both groups were no significantly decrease p > 0.201.}, keywords = {Multiple sclerosis,Anti,cyclic citrullinated peptide,Zinc and Copper}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60884.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60884_488c02feca3e3f564a61beebfa96c922.pdf} } @article { author = {Sami Hassan, Taif}, title = {Email Using Microsoft Message Queue and RSA Encryption Technique}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2467-2479}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.10}, abstract = {The information exchange through the internet and especially the electronic email is one of the most recent used areas. The paper presents simple system for efficient email handling. The system depends mainly on the Microsoft Message Queue MSMQ technique, introduced by Microsoft Corporation. The system is well protected using many tools offered by MSMQ Environment and the RSA encryption method. The system characterized by its simplicity, fastness, and has the ability to install and implement using simple steps in Local Area Network (LAN) without internet and also with the internet.}, keywords = {RSA,MSMQ,MOD}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60885.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60885_c8381164e4758dc9e2e12d1879c4b1b4.pdf} } @article { author = {Tariq, Abeer and khalaf, Ikhlas and habeeb, shatha}, title = {A Proposed System for Sound Retrieval Using MAS and ANN}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2480-2492}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.11}, abstract = {As the use of sounds for computer interfaces, electronic equipment and multimedia contents, has increased, the role of sound design tools has become more important. In sound retrieval, picking one sound out from huge data is troublesome for users because of the difficulty of simultaneously listening to plural sounds and sometimes there are difficulties with speech and sound recognition. Consequently, an efficient retrieval method is required for sound databases. This research proposes a system aim to deal with sound retrieval in both two cases: authenticity and normal. In the first case, authenticity, two algorithms has been develop one for building the authentication database and the second deal with user sound sample to retrieve the matched authenticated samples. In the second case normal we develop algorithm to deal with user sound sample to retrieve all the matched samples. Many techniques used in this proposed system such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Data Encryption Standard (DES), Multi Agent System (MAS) and Fourier transformation (FT). Using these combinations of advanced and adaptive techniques supports the system to be reliable, secure and parallel.}, keywords = {sound retrieval,authentication,MAS,ANN,DES}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60888.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60888_70ae784f0c493072481dcdd884c1cfd6.pdf} } @article { author = {Z.yahya, Khaled and Admon Saimon, Jehan and S. Tarik, Hiba}, title = {Simulation of Multilayer Layer Antireflection Coating for Visible and Near IR Region on Silicon Substrate Using Matlab Program}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2493-2506}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.12}, abstract = {In this work , double layer and three antireflection coating were designed and simulated , optical reflection values were deduced with a matrix formulation via a personal computer using matlab program, six materials has been selected to investigated of the reflection as function of wavelength in visible region and near IR between (400- 1200nm) on silicon substrate and central wavelength at 900nm the result show double layer quarter-quarter wave optical thickness has good preference antireflection has been reduced reflection from 32% for silicon surface to 3% and for three layer coatings , the results obtained broadband antireflection spectra and several form antireflection that have zero reflection in double and three layer antireflection coating . The refractive index and the optical thickness of each layer are adjusting to optimum antireflection coatings on silicon solar cells .}, keywords = {antireflection,thin film,Matlab,simulation,Reflection}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60890.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60890_8ba60cf8b4a9059462a206ca1444a42b.pdf} } @article { author = {Sadoon Jamel, Raheem}, title = {Finite Element Analysis to Study The Effects Of The Workpiece flowStress Models on Cutting Variables in Orthogonal Cutting}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2507-2521}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.13}, abstract = {Turning process is a common machining process to produce cylindrical shape parts. Understanding of material removal concepts in metal cutting is very important in design process and cutting tool selection to ensure the quality of the products. For this purpose, orthogonal cutting simulations of AISI 1045 steel are performed and the model used in simulations is validated. Effects of work piece flow stress models on cutting variables such as cutting forces, chip geometry and temperature are investigated by comparing simulation results with experimental results available in the literature. Results show that flow stress models have a major effect on calculated results .The results of the simulations show that Oxley material model is able to give more accurate results for used cutting conditions in the analysis, however errors in calculating shear angle and thrust force are higher than Johnson-cook and Zerilli- Armstrong material models.}, keywords = {Finite element simulation,Flow stress model,Cutting force,temperature}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60892.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60892_73db4098da03dd36b03fc3886983b5d3.pdf} } @article { author = {Zedan Khalaf, Abbas and k. Haidir, Muntaha}, title = {Development Of Optimized Geomatic Systemf or Digital Close Range Photogrammetry}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2522-2535}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.14}, abstract = {In this research an integrated Geomatic system are developed. This system called (Camera Total Station System) “CTSS” which installs a digital camera on Total Station with a control system to compose an integration Geomatic system together with digital photogrammetric software. The whole process includes two stages: field survey and photogrammetric processing.Asteropair is exposed by a (Cannon EOS500D) digital camera with a resolution of 15 mega pixels. Four computational tests have been made by using software Leica Photogrammetric Suite (9.2) to compute 3Dcoordinates of the object points besides the adjusted exterior orientation parameters .The results show high accuracy computed dimensions compared with the actual one. The results are very promising (±0.1mm).}, keywords = {Digital close rangePhotogrammerty,Camera Total Station System,Control System}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60893.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60893_df08e2289b707323ef4c6f4e7b79872b.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdulkhaleq Ibrahim, Mohammed}, title = {Assessment of Water Quality Status for the Euphrates River in Iraq}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {14}, pages = {2536-2549}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.14.15}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess a spatial and temporal variations in water quality of the Euphrates River flowing through Iraqi lands, with two approaches: the use of water quality index (WQI) and a principal component analysis (PCA). In the studied section of the river the global water quality WQI was 63.09 (classified as medium – slightly polluted), this value denotes that Euphrates water requires treatment for drinking, no treatment necessary for most industries and crop uses and suitable for most fish and not recommended for sensitive one. PCA results indicate that three factors for river water explain 92.95% of the total variance. Varifactors obtained from factor analysis for water quality variations indicate that factors responsible for water quality variations are mainly related to soil leaching and runoff process, organic pollution from municipal effluents, pH and temperature.}, keywords = {water quality index,Multivariate Analysis,Euphrates,Iraq}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60895.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_60895_89e37c7d6f308920569a392a0ad71d23.pdf} }