@article { author = {M .Mousa, Ali and Bahjit, Samer}, title = {Studying The Effect of Annealing Temperature and Annealing Time on Physical Properties of Graphite}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {355-359}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.13}, abstract = {Graphite electrodes prepared by using carbon black as a filler material and phenolic resin as a binder. The samples treated thermally within temperature rang of 750-950)c for two and three hours . the variation in electrical resistivity and structural properties as a function of the two variables were studied . electrical resistivity decreased with increasing treatment temperature and time. Increasing temperature resulting in graphitization degree increasing ,also the inter atomic distance comparing to the standard values decreased with increasing treatment temperature and time of treatment.}, keywords = {Graphite,ray diffraction,thermal annealing,Electrical resistivity}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66081.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66081_7e1e1a4f8e52bd90374b3003818fdcca.pdf} } @article { author = {Falah Hassan, Hazim and Mohmmed Dhaiaa, balkees}, title = {Wood's Coating by Polymeric Materials for Fire Resistance}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {360-368}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.14}, abstract = {The research involves using phenol – formaldehyde (Novolak) resin for making Novolak compact with hexamethyltetraamine (HMTA ) in different ratio (15%) and (20%) by weight , also this work involves preparing composite material by using Novolak as a matrix , while flint was used as resin forcing material and making composite compact with ratio of hardener (15%) and (20%) by weight. The research was studied some of thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and thermal Erosion resistance. The results show that the flint and increasing the (HMTA) leads to increase thermal Erosion resistance and thermal conductivity . The results show that the immersion in water leads to increase thermal conductivity .}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66082.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66082_302b060fe19f6677d5b8771395cb7d0b.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohson Hameed, Entisar}, title = {Evaluation of Corrosion Résistance for Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldment in Different Solution}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {369-381}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.15}, abstract = {This paper is amid to study the effect of immersion solusion type on corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L . The process welding carried out on sheet metal by using four types of electrodes (E308L,E309L,E312,E347) to obtain butt joint welding under constant conditions polarity(DCSP) , voltage(30)v, current (120)A . Welding speed (100) mm/min and two weld passes by using electrode of diameter 3 mm. Many specimens for corrosion test were manufactured in (20*20*8) mm from welding joint stainless steel. Corrosion test was implemented by using weight loss, specimens were immersed in two solution (1% H2SO4) Sulphric Acid and (3.5%Nacl) sea water for (1-30 ) days and corrosion rate was measured. The results show that sulphric acid was more effected on stainless steel.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66084.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66084_167984cb4e90a5e51afe0f72213fd584.pdf} } @article { author = {Hadi N. Khalifa, Abdual and T.AL-Omran, Asaad and M.Jawad Mahdy, Aedah}, title = {Investigation of the performance of a Solar Powered Adsorption Heat Pipe}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {2937-2950}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.1}, abstract = {An adsorption heat pipe was designed and built from a stainless steel tube of 32 mm outer diameter, 30 mm inner diameter and 1000 mm long, the inner surface of the tube was coated by 10 mm thickness of active carbon, which was assumed to be the adsorbent, while the adsorbent was assumed to be the methanol, or acetone. The adsorption heat pipe consist of three zones, namely adsorption/ desorption, adiabatic and evaporation/condensation zones. Electrical heater with variables capacity is used to heat up the unit generator during desorption process, water was used to cool the condenser, while air was used to cool the generator. Two types of adsorption pair are used, namely active carbon-methanol and active carbon-acetone. The effect of heat input to the generator on the heat pipe surface temperature and evaporator temperature are studied. The results showed that the adsorption heat pipe can work at a relatively low temperature namely 70-100 oC, the time required for cooling process in the range of 18 to 24 minutes, and activated carbon – Acetone pair gave a good behavior for the heat pipe due to the short cycle– time compared with that for activated carbon – Methanol}, keywords = {adsorption,Adsorbent,Refrigeration,Heat pump,Adsorption Heat Pipe}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66065.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66065_83047a9daa322f06297f88456b615df0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abduallah, Wassan and Jassim, Nawal and A.Hassan, Qais}, title = {Control of Corrosion of Copper-Alloy Condenser Tubes by Chemical Treatment}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {2951-2965}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.2}, abstract = {The present work deals with the study of the factors that affect the corrosion resistance and heat transfer resistance of treated condenser tubes by surface filming with ferrous sulfate solution. The reduction of corrosion rate on the filmed surfaces was determined under dynamic conditions using weight loss method. The variation of the corrosion rate at different exposure time and different fluid velocities of the filming solution were studied throughout the laboratory corrosion system. While the effect of surface filming on depression of heat transfer process in term of increasing the heat transfers resistance was studied throughout the laboratory thermal system. The results indicated that the filming solution reduced the corrosion rate of copper alloy to 52.7%, but the heat transfer resistance increased from 12.88 to 18.73*10-4 m2K/W. Moreover, the metallurgical investigation clearly revealed the feature and nature of the film formed on the metal surface.}, keywords = {condenser tubes,copper alloys,ferrous sulfate}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66066.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66066_33f6fc3e795210af25a82e8184e8fe02.pdf} } @article { author = {Munshid Shellal, Mehdi}, title = {Bolometer Detector Modeling and its Performance Indexes}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {2966-2986}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.3}, abstract = {Bolometer detector is one of thermal detectors. In this research the essential concepts and parameters are included which cover the main types of bolometer detectors. But the actual values of parameters used here in simulation are adopted from [7] for semiconductor bolometer. This detector operates for all optical wavelengths of different sources. From analysis and results obtained, it is shown that minimum and maximum values of specific Detectivity D* for cryogenic temperatures from 0.5 K to 10 K are 0.25~10 / and 5 ~ 10 / , respectively and the values between them when the incident radiation frequency is 100 Hz.. It is seen that for frequency greater than 1Hz, the specific Detectivity increases rapidly which means that the bolometer detector will respond for high frequencies in a manner more speed than that of low frequencies. It is found that as the value of ƒÑth is increased, the temperature change in detector sensor is decreased. That is decreasing ƒÑth enhance the performance of bolometer detector. It is found that the responsivity of this detector follow its output voltage which in turn follow the bolometer temperature change.}, keywords = {Bolometer detector,thermal time constant,NEP,Voltage response,responsivity,or Detectivity}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66067.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66067_8206bdeca6b532f299e2f9d511847580.pdf} } @article { author = {Kareem Mezaal, Zoalfokkar}, title = {Effect of Surface Treatment on the Adhesion Forces between PVC Adhesives and PVC (Pipe - Fitting)}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {2987-2998}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.4}, abstract = {This paper aims to improvement adhesion forces between (USA PVC adhesive , Commercial PVC adhesive and USA CPVC adhesive) and (PVC pipe – PVC fitting) by using surface treatment (mechanical and chemical treatment) for external surface of pipes and internal surface of fitting with depth (25 mm) . Before pipe adhesion test the samples put under some environmental conditions such as (at room temperature , at (80 oC) for (4 hr) , at (- 2.5 oC) for (4 hr) , at ( tap water) for (48 hr) , at ( 3.5 % NaOH) for (48 hr) and at ( 3.5 % NaCl) for (48 hr) ) . Appearance of results of pipe adhesion testing for (PVC pipe – PVC fitting) with PVC adhesive, without surface treatment only (cleaning), under environmental conditions , the failure (pulling) happened in adhesion zone (adhesive adhesion failure) . As appearance of results of pipe adhesion testing for (PVC pipe – PVC fitting) with PVC adhesive by using surface treatment (surface roughness with abrasive paper and chemical treatment with alcohol), under environmental conditions, the failure happened in PVC pipe (pipe cohesion failure).}, keywords = {Pipe Adhesion Testing,PVC adhesive,CPVC adhesive,PVC Pipe,VC Fitting,Chemical treatment and Mechanical treatment}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66068.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66068_a75f883d0f4fab10645b6bde8bc2789a.pdf} } @article { author = {F. Sarsam, Kaiss and A.S. Al-Shaarbaf, Ihsan and M. S. Ridha, Maha}, title = {Experimental Investigation of Shear- Critical Reactive Powder Concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {2999-3022}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.5}, abstract = {جرت عملیة استقصاء عملی على سلوک عتبات خرسانیة عالیة المقاومة مصنوعة من المساحیق الفعالة. خمسة عشرة عتبة تحوی حدید تسلیح طولی تم صبھا وخالیة من تسلیح القص. المتغیرات الرئیسیة التی تم دراستھا ھی محتوى الالیاف الفولاذیة, نسبة حدید التسلیح الطولی, نسبة فضاء القص الى العمق الفعال ومحتوى السلیکا الفعالة. اعلى قیمھ لمقاومة الانضغاط کانت 110 میکاباسکال باستعمال نوع واحد من الالیاف الفولاذیة. تم اقتراح علاقات للتنبؤ بمقاومة اجھاد القص لعتبات خرسانة المساحیق الفعالة الخالیة من تسلیح القص. العلاقات االمقترحة اظھرت تطابقا جیدا لمقاومة اجھاد القص بالمقارنة مع النتائج العملیة.}, keywords = {Fibers,Reactive powder concrete,Silica fume,Shear Strength of Beams}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66069.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66069_26792db911992fae2ae79f8d8350706d.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Jaafar, Ahmed and Khalaf Mohammed, Aied}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Path Loss in Mobile Channel for Karada district in Baghdad City}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {3023-3038}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.6}, abstract = {In this work Hata, Lee, Walfisch-Ikegami and Free Space Loss models have been compared with practical path loss based on series of measurements in Karada district in Baghdad for GSM900 downlink band. Hata model showed the closest path loss predictions with mean square error = 10.8 dB, but these results are far from good prediction results and need enhancement. Hata model was optimized using Least Squares method based on measured received signal power. The optimized Hata model showed much better results from the original Hata with mean square error = 6.96 dB. The simulation and calculations were implemented using MATLAB R2009b. The measurements were done using Field Test Display (FTD) with a compatible hand phone to measure signal strength. A Ground Positioning System (GPS) was used to measure the distance from transmitter.}, keywords = {Path Loss Models,Model Optimization,GSM,Suburban Outdoor Coverage}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66070.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66070_346e952d05f61244e12056df90ef028f.pdf} } @article { author = {H. Aziz, Ali and Zohair Yousif, Mohammad and K. Salman, Laye}, title = {Experimental Evaluation of Effect of Flange Dimensions on Shear Behavior of NSC and SCC Double Tee Beams}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {3039-3053}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.7}, abstract = {This study deals with, experimentally, the effect of flange dimensions on shear behavior of normal strength concrete (NSC) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) double Tee beams. Twelve beam specimens as well as a series of control specimens are tested. The beam specimens were divided into two groups (based on concrete type) and each group are divided into five subgroups (based on flange dimensions).The webs dimensions, beam depth, beam length, spacing between webs, longitudinal (tension) reinforcement and transverse reinforcement (stirrups) were kept constant in all beam specimens. Experimental results showed that the ultimate capacity increased about (6%- 12) and (9%-20) when the flange width (dimensions) increased from (320mm) to (450mm) for NSC and SCC respectively. Presence of large compression flange lead to increase the stiffness of tested beams due to contribution of additional concrete parts, and this leads to increase in carrying capacity.}, keywords = {Flange,shear,Self,Compacting,Concrete,Double Tee}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66071.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66071_0106f76e1ca897392256ab5b7632b14a.pdf} } @article { author = {Qahtan Waheed, Muhanned}, title = {A Laboratory Evaluation of Stabilization of Silty Clay Soil by Using Chloride Compounds}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {3054-3064}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.8}, abstract = {Large areas of Iraq consist of soils with high clay contents which have low strengths and bearing capacity.This problem has an influence on construction of road and highway, if adequate support does not exist, the road will rapidly deteriorate. The solution to these construction problems is by soil treatment with chemical additives. The main objective of this study is to investigate effectiveness of salts used as an additive in stabilization of silty clay soil. Three types of salts used which are sodium chloride (NaCl), magnisum chloride (MgCl2) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Various amounts of salts (2%, 4%, and 8%) were added to the soil to study the effect of salts on the consistency limits, compaction characteristics and CBR value.The test results indicated that the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index decreased as the salts content increased. The addition of salts to the soil increased the maximum dry density and reduced the optimum moisture content. The addition of (2 %) salt to the soil causes increases the CBR value between (8 to 28 %), while, in samples containing large amount of salt (4 and 8 %) the increase was between (55 to 80%).The CBR value increased as the salt content increases for different type of salt and the greatest value is found in the soil treated with (4%) calcium chloride which was equal to (80 %).}, keywords = {soil stabilization,Silty Clay Soil,Chloride Compounds,CBR}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66072.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66072_748168440264c4449715aeda3c88690e.pdf} } @article { author = {J. Fendi, Saleh}, title = {The Relationship between Quality, Benchmarking, Reliability and Globalization In Industrial Engineering Activity}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {3065-3081}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.9}, abstract = {The study is perhaps the first to evaluate and establish the relationship between Quality, benchmarking, Reliability and globalization in industrial engineering activity in Emirates, where the study was conducted on international companies operating in Dubai. The study seeks to understand the impact & effect of globalization on all the various topic of industrial engineering that distinguish implementing quality management program, reliability program and ISO certified and benchmarking companies from none implemented benchmarking or quality, reliability, ISO program. Also the study tries to evaluate the effect of these factors on the organizational performance. The study found a number of significant relationships between the reliability, and globalization in industrial engineering activity. It also found support for the argument that high reliability, high quality and benchmarking practices will improve industrial engineering and at the end result will improve overall organizational performance in large, medium and small global businesses. Therefore the results achieve the goals of industrial engineering to eliminate wastes of time, cost, materials, energy, and other resources to increase profits.}, keywords = {reliability,globalization,Industrial engineering,quality,performance,Management,Benchmarking,efficiencies,effectiveness}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66073.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66073_f43fb763fa8df7d9c5585b4adb93776c.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashim Kamar AL-Hamadani, Firas}, title = {Detoxification from Cotyledons of Apricot Seeds (Prunus armeniaca) and its Effect on the Properties of Raw Material and Extracted Oil}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {3082-3097}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.10}, abstract = {Detoxification from seed cotyledons of (Prunus armeniaca) was carried out by soaking of seed cotyledons in water before and after extraction of oil, and the results showed that seed represent (15) % of fruit weight, where hull and cotyledons weight percentages were (62.19) % and (37.81) % of the mature seed respectively. The seed cotyledons contained high level of crude oil (50.93) % and medium level of protein (30.03) % and low level of carbohydrate (12.70) % also very low percentage of the ash and fibers. On the other hand, the seed cotyledons contained high level of hydrocyanic acid (0.27) %. The percentages of free fatty acids in the extractable crude oils before and after removing of the toxicity were (0.81) % and (1.69) %, respectively. The predominant fatty acids found in the crude oil were oleic, linoleic and palmatic acids and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids reached (94) % from total fatty acids. The oil separated into eight components using thin layer chromatography, in which the triethyl glycerol was the main component. The crude protein and ash content of powder was reduced after removal of the toxicity by soaking in water. The percentages of hydrocyanic acid before and after extracting oil between (2.30-3.37) % of the total hydrocyanic acid in the powder. The effect of removing of the toxicity on mineral and amino acid content of powder was relatively low especially after toxicity removing before oil extract. However, the powder was found to have most of the essential amino acids.}, keywords = {Detoxification,Cotyledons of Apricot Seeds}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66075.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66075_6bfd04e579b2ac1386969844494caef2.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Abed Alameer, Nirvana and Abed Alameer, Duha and A. Hussein, Haidar}, title = {Studying the Effect of Glass - Fiber on Electrical Conductivity of Polyamide Composite Material}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {3098-3103}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.11}, abstract = {The electrical conductivity of glass fibre reinforced polyamide composite materials was investigated for both weight fraction of glass fibre and frequency. This study is focused on various types of glass fibres (S, E&C) and different weight fractions (10, 20, 30 &40) at frequencies (50, 500, 1000, 105 &106) Hz. The results exhibited addition glass fibre fillers on matrix material were apparent good electrical conductivity at high weight fraction comparing to their low percentage account of the fillers created conductive path in the matrix material, it reached to (2.52, 2.1&2.21)* 10-10 S/cm for C-glass fiber, E-glass fiber and S-glass fiber; respectively at %40 weight fraction. Also that electrical conductivity increased with increasing in frequency due to charges movement in the dielectric material.}, keywords = {polyamide,Glass Fibers,electrical conductivity}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66076.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66076_4dcf383770462f38f3540a0a6222e728.pdf} } @article { author = {A Fakhry, Mukkaram. and A. Hattab, Farah and K. Hamed, Esraa}, title = {Laser Energy Effects on Optical Properties of Titanium Di- Oxide Prepared by Reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition}, journal = {Engineering and Technology Journal}, volume = {30}, number = {17}, pages = {3104-3111}, year = {2012}, publisher = {University of Technology-Iraq}, issn = {1681-6900}, eissn = {2412-0758}, doi = {10.30684/etj.30.17.12}, abstract = {In this Work, Laser energy effects on optical and morphological properties of TiO2 thin film has been carried out using Reactive Pulsed Laser as a Deposition technique (RPLD). Q-switched Nd-YAG laser with (ë=1.06ìm, t =7nsec) and different energies have been used to ablate pure Titanium target and deposited thin films on glass substrates with constant substrate temperature of (343K). The optical properties of the films prepared include Optical transmit ion and absorption measurement, surface uniformity measurement and FTIR structure of these films. The results films show that high transparency reached to about (85-98) % can be achieved with TiO2 film which itself decreases sharply with the increasing of Laser energy while the optical band gap is (3.7-3.9) eV at optimum Laser energy in all results (800mJ), the FTIRstructure result at 800 mJ is the optimum and peaks absorption of TiO2 are (408.91, 439.77, 524.64) cm-1.}, keywords = {Titanium di,oxide,Thin films,laser deposition}, url = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66080.html}, eprint = {https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66080_bbc305084a86d9cdb4fd7ed05634107e.pdf} }