eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
143
168
10.30684/etj.29.4.11
26476
اثر السمة التأريخية في تشكيل الأعراف المعمارية
From past the architecture dealing with pre experiments for benefit to productand the smith the new by many tactics, because the dogmatic reality bynecessity of past to make the present and throw up to the future. Moreover,because the architecture need to the references, forms and thoughts from thepast it was focused in electic from these which is singular and distinguishes.From here the act of the historical index’s was appeared as an important partfrom parts of formation of the thoughtfully structures for communityarchitecture and as a necessary natural treasure for all of composition of thevalues of community subjunctives.And for framing the general understanding for this situation that is veryimportant to be declaring all general and specific surrounded ides (inarchitecture or outside). To transport after that for a role point related bynecessary of this situation in appearing of the transporting, and a realaccumulization act, For a conventions which is make a thoughtfullycommunity structure , and In the from that insurance the continuity vigoreffect the basic sides of community structures in the new formation conventions, and so to declare the act of dual participation dimensions(locally and global),In to Crowe this process and appear its results in a modelingfrom.For that, the research aim into many axes; - The first focuses in search thehistorical as a general character in (civilizational, architectural and urban) thesis,then the second Go to understand the dimensions of general and specific frames ofcreativity which depend the historical basics and conventional product (as a firststages), the third focus on declare a convention joints and its dual act. The fourthfocus on experiment and the fifth ended in search the conclusions.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26476_6c3c3fc3829521b79839147d7f4f55a0.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
169
184
10.30684/etj.29.4.12
26478
دراسة عددية لانتقال الحرارة بالحمل الحر داخل فجوة مملوءة بوسط مسامي مشبع بوجود توليد حراري داخلي
Two – dimensional, steady natural convection in a rectangularcavity filled with a heat generating saturated porous medium has beenstudied numerically for the case when the vertical walls of the cavity areisothermal and the horizontal walls are either adiabatic or cold. Finitedifference method was used to transform the momentum and energyequations from the differential form to the algebraic form; relaxationmethod was used to solve the momentum equation, while (L.S.O.R.)method was used to solve the energy equation for Rayleigh No. ranges (10≤ Ra ≤ 104). Results are presented in terms of the stream lines andisotherms, the maximum temperature in the cavity and intermediate Nusseltnumber. The thermal convection flow together with the uniform heatgenerating produces a highly stratified medium at high Rayleigh numbers.The horizontal wall boundary condition changes from adiabatic to coldreduces (max) also it is found that heat transfer increases with increasing Rayligh number while it decrease with aspect ratio. The effect of aspectratio on heal transfer will appear when (Ra > 50).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26478_a82d4f9e4f433160e63f108675e6fde2.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
185
201
10.30684/etj.29.4.13
26485
دراسة بعض العوامل المؤثرة على لحام المونة لربط الفولاذ مقاوم الصدأ (CK مع الفولاذ منخفض الكاربون ( 15 ( AISI 316L )
Similar Plates of stainless steel (AISI 316L) and dissimilar plates ofstainless steel (AISI 316L) and low carbon steel (Ck15) are welded by brazingusing copper base non- active filler metal alloys in furnaces with inert gasatmospheres The specimens were inserted in special container called (Retort) filledby inert gas(argon) during brazing process with flow rate (1-2 litter / min). Threetypes of filler metal alloys DINL- Ag20Cd , AWSRB CuZn-C , AWS RB Cu Zn –D were used with changing the brazing time (5 , 10) min at given temperaturesuitable for each filler metal alloy . Many or various mechanical and metallurgicaltests were carried out including single shear test, double shear test and tensile sheartest, in addition to the microstructure and x-ray diffraction inspection for eachsimilar and dissimilar welds. It was shown that single and double butt joints of the similar metals of stainless steel (316L) showed higher shear strength than that ofdissimilar weld of stainless steel (316L) and Low carbon steel( CK15) . Thebrazed joints by filler metal alloy (RBCu Zn-D) showed the best shear strength forsimilar and dissimilar metal of stainless steel (316L)and low c brazing time arbonsteel (Ck15) in comparison with joints brazed by other filler metal alloys at(5, 10) min .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26485_19f45ee3a8cf2a0f9d68efa8abbaa3c7.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
202
207
10.30684/etj.29.4.14
26487
استخدام خوارزمية طريقة تطوير مو لد قطع المستوي لإيجاد الحل العددي لمسائل البرمجة الكسرية
There are many methods for solving Fractional Programming problems thatgetting the optimal solution of the problem where the values of variables arefractional numbers not integer numbers, But when there are conditions in theproblem that requires the result is optimal integer solution, that is the resultedvariables values was numerical integer, At that time we must turn to a method thatwe get from it the integer solution of the problem. That is the subject of theresearch where we will employ an algorithm of the method (Modify SurrogateCutting Plane to solve linear integer programming problems) to find integersolution of Fractional Programming problems that after getting a view at FractionalProgramming and Integer Programming.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26487_775b417df1d8c41046db5ee4f5bff2ef.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
208
213
10.30684/etj.29.4.15
26490
تصميم وتقييم منظومة تركيز ليزرالنديميوم- ياك
An optical system has been designed with spherical lenses to focus high power (~kJ) , Nd-YAG laser (1.06)μm with 55mm beam diameter to spot size diameter(1.248μm ). Minimum number and thin lenses were used in the design. The spotdiagram, the point spread function (PSF), and accumulated energy , were used asparameters to qualify the performance of the system.The results show the high quality of the system for laser diameter less 55mm andthe a spherical lenses are necessary for larger diameters.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26490_4a8e1dc0190da429849719b49c3243ab.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
394
407
10.30684/etj.29.4.1
26450
Electrochemical Studies of Heat Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy used in Surgical Implant Application
Sami Abulunoun Ajeel
1
biocompatibility. Vanadium-free Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy has been developed as apotential alloy for providing improved corrosion and wear resistance for orthopedicimplant devices, and to avoid the toxicity of vanadium ion.This work deals with the dependence of corrosion parameter of Ti-6Al-7Nballoy on compositional variation in the phases resulting from various heat treatments.Electrochemical examinations were applied made in blood plasma solution involvingpotential –time and dynamic polarizations for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy of various heattreatments.The corrosion parameters obtained from open circuit potential, andpotentiodynamic polarization for the alloy Ti-6Al-7Nb were superior for specimendeveloped by solution treatment at 950oC and air cooled followed by aging incomparison with that of other treatments.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26450_e8f41cd72a3953aadafade77e1a0af39.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
408
422
10.30684/etj.29.4.2
26452
Hydrochemical study of Rain Water In Baghdad city-Iraq
Jaafar Sadeq Maatooq
1
Aqeel Shakir Al-Adili
2
The chemical substance dissolved in rain water are generally considered to have two atmosphericsources, dry fallout and/or soluble salts. The present study deals with the rain water year 1995-1996 atBaghdad city were expressed in term of monthly averages of the collected samples . The concentrationsvalues of cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and anions (Cl, SO4 and HCO3),were expressed as averageannual. All ions concentration, are found to be within the excepted range of fresh water. These resultswere compared with rain water year 1985-1986. Appreciable reduction in concentrations of both cationsand anions have been recorded, and the percentages of reduction are ranging between 28% to 84%.Moreover, by adopting fractionation factor, the results revealed that the sea water have less contributionof all ions concentration than other sources (local activities). The results of the chemical analysis weredealt with statistically by using cluster and factor analysis .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26452_c165512277276c55a8bdeeea0f9dccfb.pdf
Rain water
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
423
428
10.30684/etj.29.4.3
26455
Enhanced the response time of the P-N junction Photodetector
Khawla S. khashan
1
Evan T. Salem
2
Mukaram A. Fakhery
3
In the present work, the response time of p-n junction photo-detector has been achieved by using the rapid thermalannealing (RTA) technique in which the annealing time has been ranged from (5-25) s at (773 K) the result shows a goodimprovement in the time constant of the detector and it has beast result at (15) s which reach to (26.81) ns for (905) nmwavelength of GaAlAs laser
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26455_3d27715cc364b206c6c269d6e39be060.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
429
441
10.30684/etj.29.4.4
26458
Study of Thermal Characteristics of a Composite Specimen Experimentally and by Using Finite Element Method
Jawad Kadhim Uleiwi
1
Sura Salim
2
This research deals with the study of the effect of fibers volumefraction and fibers orientation on the thermal conductivity and wall surfacetemperatures for composite specimen in form of Lee’s disk by usingexperimental work and finite element technique. The results show thatthe thermal conductivity increases with increasing fiber volume fraction ofthe composite specimen, and in the longitudinal direction is larger than inthe lateral fiber direction.The experimental results indicated that the largestvalue of the thermal conductivity for the composite specimen was (0.611W/m.°c) at (Vf = 40 %) in the longitudinal direction, while the lowest valuewas (0.195 W/m.°c) at (Vf = 10 %) in the lateral direction. Also the resultsshow that the maximum difference for the thermal conductivity between theexperimental work and finite element method was ( 7 % ) at ( Vf = 10 % )in the lateral direction while the minimum value was ( 3.5 % ) at ( Vf = 40% ) in the longitudinal direction.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26458_98d950bfb0bc18269896f4a2d5db3b60.pdf
composite specimens
thermal conductivity
Temperature distribution
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
442
448
10.30684/etj.29.4.5
26460
Optoelectronic properties of ZnO/PS/n-Si Heterojunctions
Khawla S. Khashan
1
In this work a colloid of nanocrystalline ZnO particles is prepared bychemical method, and then sprayed on porous silicon substrate which is preparedby electrochemical etching under a current density of 15mA/cm2 for 10 min. Theinitial radius of the ZnO particles is found to be (2.2 nm). FTIR spectra exhibit thepresence of Zn – O bond which indicates the formation of ZnO particles. Alsospectra reveals the formation of SiHx (x=1-2) and Si-O bond which indicates thepresence of porous layer. High performance rectifying was obtained, with highphotoresponsivety of 0.54 A/W at 400 nm. The corresponding quantum efficiencywas 166.7%.The results show that ZnO on porous silicon (PS) structures will act asgood candidates for making highly efficient photodiodes.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26460_01c3297b6a0f7032208ebb796953ccd6.pdf
ZnO nanoparticles
ZnO
PS device
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
449
457
10.30684/etj.29.4.6
26462
Study the Adhesion Force of Tubular Shaped Fiber Reinforced Composites
Adnan A. AbdulRazak
1
Najat j. Saleh
2
Hussein Ali Hamid AL-Abdly
3
In the present work tubular –shaped fiber reinforced composites weremanufactured by using two types of resin epoxy (EP) and unsaturated polyester(UP),each was separately reinforced with glass, carbon and kevlar-49 fibers (filamentand woven roving), hybrid reinforcement composites of these fibers were alsoprepared. The adhesion force test of the prepared specimens was carried out. Theseadhesion forces exhibited a peak value at a percent of hardener/resin (H/R)= 3% forUP matrix with all type of fiber arrangements while 30% was obtained for EP matrix.Such behavior was declined with increase in temperatures. Glass transitiontemperatures were determined from these measurements, and found to be 90°C for EP–glass and 83 °C for UP –glass composites.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26462_aeaede44609fe758d2e1fbeb4a8acfe4.pdf
Adhesion force
tubular shaped
composites
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
458
461
10.30684/etj.29.4.7
26465
Effect of Magnetic field on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Samir H.Nasher
1
Amal A.Hussein
2
University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
Magnetic fields with two densities (1200 , 3200)gauss experminted on twokinds of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Nutrient brothmedia . The field subjected for (1,2,3) weeks, and the growth monitored usingoptical density (OD) method.The results shows greatest effects of 3200 gauss than 1200 gauss on bacteriagrowth comparing with control sample after third week. The OD resulte of bacteriaEscherichia coli (0.3) with 3200 gauss and (6) with 1200 gauss comparing withcontrol sample(175.4) and bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (1) with 3200 gauss,and (10) with 1200 gauss comparing with control sample (174.4).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26465_094c60833e95187eb8fdf02d7addb13e.pdf
magnetic field
bacteria
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
462
477
10.30684/etj.29.4.8
26467
Sulfur Dioxide Removal in Coal Slurry Reactor
Neran K. Ibrahim
1
Zainab A. Jawad
2
The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of using coalslurry for the removal of SO2 from simulated flue gas stream (air,SO2). The effect of gas rate, temperature, and initial SO2concentration on the overall removal efficiency was investigated atwet and dry bed conditions. The results indicated that the optimumgas rate was 60 l /min. The SO2 removal efficiency was highlytemperature sensitive, and increases with increasing the bedtemperature especially at wet bed conditions and decreases withincreasing SO2 initial concentration. A mathematical model for thedesulfurization process was proposed based on the material balancefor gaseous and solid phase streams. The model was found to give avery good description of the experimental data with 95% confidencelevel.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26467_648b95902800375677196dd107522d55.pdf
Removal
Coal Slurry Reactor
FGD
Modeling
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
478
483
10.30684/etj.29.4.9
26470
EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF EPOXY REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBERS
Sheelan R. Areef
1
The compressive strength was investigated for epoxy resin type (DGEBA) before and afterreinforcing with glass fibers (woven roven, chopped strand mat, and two types together as asandwich composite), with different volume fractions was prepared. The samples have beenirradiation with γ-ray with a Co60 source for (1055 hrs) with irradiation dose (0-156) KGray atroom temperature (20±2Co).The compressive strength calculated for all samples afterirradiation. The results showed that the compressive strength of epoxy samples increased afterreinforcing with glass fibers, and increased with increasing of volume fractions while thecompressive strength was decreased for all samples after irradiated with γ-ray.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26470_5f152b8fa9b1b8d4c84350c83692f18f.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-04-28
26
4
484
495
10.30684/etj.29.4.10
26473
CONTRIBUTION OF LIQUID ASPHALT IN SHEAR STRENGTH AND REBOUND CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOUR OF GYPSEOUS SOIL
SAAD I. SARSAM
1
SALAH W. IBRAHIM
2
AbstractThis paper deals with the effect of stabilizing gypseous soil using two liquid Asphalttypes (cutback and emulsion) on its behavior in shear strength and reboundconsolidation.Soil-Asphalt specimens had been constructed using various percentages of both liquidAsphalt types. One group of such specimens were tested in the direct shear boxapparatus to determine the effect of liquid Asphalt on shear strength, cohesion andangle of internal friction using the unconsolidated un drained test.Another group of the specimens were subjected to one dimensional confinedcompression test using both dry and saturated testing conditions in the consolidationapparatus.The effect of liquid Asphalt on the behavior of mixes in consolidation and reboundconsolidation was studied.It was concluded that gypseous soil is usually stiff in the dry condition, but it is weakand had a collapsible behavior when saturated. The addition of liquid Asphalt providescohesion strength to the soil mass and also acts as a waterproof agent. It creates a typeof elastic properties and reduces the total strain.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26473_db9fa09e704ca941bcf3d0e194f5197c.pdf
consolidation
cutback
Emulsion
Gypseous soil
Shear Strength