eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
335
347
10.30684/etj.26.9.11
26716
استخدام تقنيات التحسس النائي في دراسة نوعية المياه لأهوار العراق
Spectral reflection properties of contaminated water were studies andexperimentally measured using (Radiometric Measurement).An experimentalsimulating system was designed to measure contaminated water reflection insimilar conditions to those of the marsh water regarding the rate of suspendedsolids and in similar spectral bands to those used in the detectors of landsat satellite(TM sensor) using the local measurement radiometer. It is an attempt to estimatethe rate of suspended solid and dissolved objects through measuring spectralreflection to choose the best spectral bands which can achieve such relation and tomake use of the results of experimental spectral reflection simulation of marshwater in categorizing space photos type and depth and to estimate the rate ofsuspended solids and salts and eventually to combine experimental measurementswith space photo to obtain a conclusion of marsh water properties (0.63-0.69μm)band can achieve best relation between suspended solids with surfacewaterreflectance.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26716_378a95e840bb18eb5e7605466a8d580d.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
348
362
10.30684/etj.26.9.12
26717
دراسة نوعية المياه لأهوار العراق
In this study water sample taken from kirmashiya marsh and its tributaries of (majray,kirmashiya and Um AL-timan) were tested and analyzed. The tests covered both physicaland chemical properties; water is a good germs host and dissolves many salts which maypoisonous. Moreover, water can carry minute solids. Therefore, an important waterspecification is that it should not do any harm to health whether it is used for drinking ornot. Many living organisms can live in water when they reproduce, the more theseorganisms, the more polluted water is especially when nutrients are available which arecarried by water this is as far as drinking water is concerned. On the other hand, water hasseveral other advantages to man. It is the source of some of man's food (fish) other usesfollow AL-kirmashiya marsh was subjected to man made drying in the last decade of thelast century, forcing the population to migrate. After the downfall the old regime, theministry of water Resources represented by (CRIM) started to flood the area and open thetributaries which feed the marsh and remove the embankment built to dry the marsh. Thepopulation began to then land, using marsh water for drinking and other uses. Butlaboratory tests on marsh water carried out by the center and other related offices showdeterioration in marsh water quality.The deterioration of water quality is because there are no exit outlets to kirmashiya marshand the discharge waste water from human activities in surrounding areas, and dischargeof drainage water from cultivated lands nearby. All these factors have led to marsh poorwater quality
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26717_167215b4cf3f72fb8efbed9b2a1ccbc4.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
363
370
10.30684/etj.26.9.13
26718
تحسين التربة الطينية الضعيفة بأستخدام أعمدة الركام المثبتة بالنورة والسمنت
Sand or stone columns are considered one of the efficient methods ofimproving soft clayey soils. They are cheap, easy to use, and results inincreasing the bearing capacity of the soil and decreasing its compressibility.In this research, a series of laboratory tests were performed using small scalecolumns (Dia. = 38 mm, Depth = 180 mm) inserted in a soft claylayer which was prepared inside steel containers. Different amounts of limeand / or cement were used to stabilize the stone columns to increase itsefficiency. Loading tests were performed on each column in order todetermine its max. bearing capacity, the efficiency of each additive wasdetermined by comparing the results obtained of treated to untreatedcolumns (qt / qu). The results were (2.7) for soils treated with crushed stoneonly, and (4, 5) for soils treated with crushed stone stabilized with (5%) and(10%) lime respectively. The results also showed (3.5, 4) for soils treatedwith crushed stone stabilized with (5%) and (10%) cement respectively. Theresults of stabilizing stone columns with lime and cement showed that(qt / qu) were (3.3, 3.7) for soils treated with crushed stone stabilized with(2.5% lime + 2.5% cement) and (5% lime + 5% cement) respectively.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26718_3855c9fd38397ec69c7650452bd72206.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
371
385
10.30684/etj.26.9.14
26719
تصميم وبناء منضومة ليزر ماسحة لقياس خشونة السطوح
In this work a laser scanning setup was designed and constructed by using Laserspeckle technique, in which a linear relationship between Laser speckle Contrastand surface roughness . During the work standard stainless steel rough Surface wasbeen used. From the results it is found that incident angle HAS a great influence on themeasurements and this due to the saturation phenomena. For Incident angle (15°)saturation takes place with(R=0.12 μm) AND for more roughness the contrastdecreased .When the incident angel become (30°) the contrast saturated at ( R= 0.12μm) and stay constant for more roughness . At angle (75°) saturation in CONTRASTTAKES place at(R=0.4μm) and the value of contrast less than that of 15° and 30°angles.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26719_76c13910744062de37d2a8162573ed7f.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
386
403
10.30684/etj.26.9.15
26720
دراسة الحركية الكيميائية للتحلل القاعدي للكومارين ومشتقاته في خمس درجات حرارية
The subject of research involve study of basic hydrolysis of lactone ring ofcoumarin, 6-methyl coumarin and 6- amino coumarin in 70% (Ethanol – Water) atequal and double concentration of base (NaOH) at five different temperatures byelectrical conductivity method and the results were interpreted according to thetransition state theory.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26720_8485197c7b04151ff0b256688b0a2479.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1055
1060
10.30684/etj.26.9.1
26706
Predictioin Of Surface Roughness In Turning By Multiple Regression Model
Abbas Fadhel Ibraheem
1
In this research, we propose statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), topredict surface roughness in turning process. Two independent data sets wereobtained on the basis of measurement: training data set and testing data set.Original length, diameter and selected length are used as independent inputvariables (parameters), while surface roughness as dependent output variable. Onthe basis of training data set, different models for surface roughness weredeveloped by multiple regression model. The multiple regression model by using(SPSS) could predict the surface roughness (Ra) with average percentage deviationof 4.6%, or 95.4%, accuracy from training data, and from testing data set that wasnot included in the multiple regression analysis with average percentage deviationof 7.9%, or accuracy of 92.1%.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26706_041eb7dbc8889098fe37afd219176823.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1061
1067
10.30684/etj.26.9.2
26707
Improvement of Locally Produced Low- Density Polyethylene
Najat .J.saleh
1
Zanaib Y.shnean
2
Dep. of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq
In the present work, a polymer composite was fabricated by mixing LDPEwith different wt% of pigment (Fe2O3 and TiO2) to obtain desirable properties infabrication single screw-extruder was utilized , this mixing machine operated at atemperature between (150-170)Co.some of mechanical properties, such as tensile,impact, hardness and bending test were determined at different weight fraction ofcomposite materials. It was found that the addition of pigment (TiO2 and Fe2O3) to theLDPE leads to increase the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, tensile strength atbreak, shore hardness on other hand it decreases the % elongation at break, and for theimpact strength.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26707_220e75f7234b66f41ed3253ebfb1fb91.pdf
LDPE
Weathering
TiO
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1068
1080
10.30684/etj.26.9.3
26708
Study Synergy Effect on Erosion-Corrosion in Oil Pipes
Sami Abulnoun Ajeel
1
Mohammed Abdullatef Ahmed
2
Steel corrosion and erosion-corrosion have an important role in oil fieldsutilizing steel pipelines. Therefore; in the present work corrosion, erosion anderosion-corrosion tests are studied individually to investigate the interactionbetween corrosion and erosion processes and to quantify the synergy (that causedby erosion) in realistic flow environments.The experimental work tests were done using special device which wasdesigned and manufactured according to (G 73) ASTM with certain modifications.The experimental work tests were achieved using traditional weight losstechnique to measure weight loss rates in (gmd) unit. Also the microstructureobservations of the test specimens are studied.It was observed that whole tests were conducted on oil pipe (X 60) made oflow carbon steel in plate form, tests were made on corrosion using 3.5 wt %sodium chloride. (NaCl) solution as sea water purged with CO2 gas as the corrosivemedium in crude oil, erosion using 1 wt % silica sand as the erodent in distilledwater purged with N2 gas as anti corrosive medium to get erosion just duringerosion and erosion-corrosion using the same mentioned medium in the corrosionbut in erosion-corrosion 1 wt % silica sand was added as slurry to that medium, alltests above were done under pumped media except in case of corrosion andpumped media had constant pressure of 1 bar, flow rate Q = 36 L/min, temperature≈ 25 ºC and pH = 4.4 for corrosive and erosive-corrosive media but pH = 7.4 forerosive medium.After traditional weight loss technique was achieved, it was found thatcorrosion rate C.R (0.18144 gmd) was the smallest, erosion rate E.R (0.80214gmd)was greater than corrosion rate (C.R), but erosion-corrosion rate EC.R(3.99161gmd) was the biggest ie. (EC.R was greatest), in addition synergy(0.0315g) was calculated by using special equation related to weight loss whichwas measured in (g) unit.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26708_b2affca324e3c9f0fb18f52c871ff8f8.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1081
1096
10.30684/etj.26.9.4
26709
Design and Simulation of Sigma-Delta Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for WiMAX
H. T. Ziboon
1
H.M. Azawi
2
This paper presents a design and simulation of proposed frequency synthesizer whichcan be used for WiMAX. Design parameters for the proposed fractional-N PLLsynthesizer for WiMAX system are either selected from WiMAX standards oraccording to results of analysis for each unit of the proposed system. Differenttechniques for phase noise reduction are discussed. Sigma-delta fractional-Ntechnique is chosen for WiMAX system, since low settling time, spurious level andphase noise can be obtained by using this technique. The simulation result shows thesystem is stable, since the phase margin is greater than 45 degree. The settling time,spurious level and phase noise obtained with this synthesizer are 5.9μs, -90dBc/Hz,and -100dBc/Hz respectively. CppSim program (C++ simulator language) and Matlab(V.7) are used for simulation of ΣΔ fractional-N PLL synthesizer.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26709_00ed5dc6e55fecacc9c1b2e6d25d2cc9.pdf
WIMAX
Frequency synthesizer
PLL
Spur
suppression technique
Fractional
N frequency synthesizer
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1097
1109
10.30684/etj.26.9.5
26710
Developing Flood Discharge Capacity of Kmait River
Mahmoud S. Al Khafaji
1
Hayder A. Al Thamiry
2
Riyadh Z. Al Zubaidy
3
Kmait River is a flood escape that was constructed to divert water duringflood season from Tigris River to Al Huwayza Marsh through AsSanna'f Marsh.Water stored in Al Huwayza Marsh is then discharged to Tigris River, through AlKassara River, and to Shatt Al Arab River, through AsSuwayb River.Kmait River, AsSanna'f Marsh, and Al Huwayza Marsh form onehydrological system. Therefore, the capacity of AsSanna'f Marsh and the capacityand operation schedule of Al Huwayza Marsh were taken into consideration whendeveloping the capacity of Kmait River.It was found, by using a one dimensional flow simulation model, that thepresent discharge capacity of Kmait flood escape does not exceed 80m3/sec, andthis discharge can’t be diverted completely into Al Huwayza Marsh during Januaryand February months of a wet year unless the discharge capacity of AsSanna'fMarsh outlet is increased from its current capacity of 402m3/sec to 468m3/sec.It was found that the contraction in last part of Kmait River is throttling thedischarge. If this part is reshaped, the capacity of Kmait river will increased to250m3/sec, which could be diverted into Al Huwayza Marsh if AsSanna'f Marshoutlet reshaped and its capacity increased to 569m3/sec.Depending on the maximum allowable monthly inflow of Al HuwayzaMarsh incase of replacing its present outlets control structures by new ones with acapacity of 500m3/sec, Al Huwayza Marsh will absorb floods diverted from TigrisRiver at design capacity of the control structure of Kmait River of 400m3/sec afterreshaping the river cross sections and increasing the discharge capacity ofAsSanna'f Marsh outlet to 744m3/sec.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26710_79f6aab2177933281ffd7636f8addd13.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1110
1115
10.30684/etj.26.9.6
26711
In-nSiC schottky photodiode ; Fabrication and Study
Khalid Z. Yahiya
1
Ammar H. Jraiz
2
Abdulla Khudiar Abass
3
In the present work , schottky photodiode have been mode on n-type SiCby depositing of thin layer of In . electrical characteristics included I-V(dark and illumination ) have been investigated . Ideality factor is 1.6 andbarrier height is 0.53 eV was calculated from I-V and Isc-Voccharacteristics, Ideality factor is 1.7 and barrier height found to be 0.64 eV,and from optoelectronic characteristics have found sensitivity results showthat peak response of photodiode was 550nm .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26711_94300d1195a22399b58519b2b1764c3b.pdf
photodiode
Sic
Schottky contact
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1116
1124
10.30684/etj.26.9.7
26712
Design Active Filter Based on Genetic Algorithm
Mohamed Abdul-whab
1
Razi J. Al-Azawi
2
The lossy-FDNR based active filter has an important property among manydesign realizations. This includes a significant reduction in componentcount particularly in the number of OP-AMP which consumes power.However the problem of this type is the large component spreads whichaffect the filter performance.In this paper Genetic Algorithm is applied to minimize the componentspread (capacitance and resistance spread). The minimization of thesespreads allow the filter structure to be integrated since the minimumcomponent spread mean minimum chip area required for fabrication.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26712_43887d413212526fc034ce283b7bca27.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1125
1130
10.30684/etj.26.9.8
26713
The Effect of Magnetic Water on Growth of Chick-Pea Seeds
Samir H. Nasher
1
Abstract:Magnetized water has been experimented on chick-pea seed growth. Seeds are growing in plastic cupsfor 18 days and irrigating with magnetized water which prepared by using static magnetic field. Plantslengths are taken daily up to the day 18. Length results show that seeds irrigated with magnetizedwater were taller than seeds irrigated with tap water. The difference in length was (2.67 cm) betweenthem
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26713_bbc6cbe639588edd70b7e088940c5190.pdf
magnetic water
chick
pea seeds
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1131
1142
10.30684/etj.26.9.9
26714
The Electrical Degradation of Fiberglass Poles
Sami .Ajeel
1
Mokdad T.Younis
2
Arkan A.Hussein
3
This work involves fiberglass samples used in two kind of aging (45days aging, 45 days aging with AC of 25 kV). Five sets of fiberglasssamples were used in the accelerated aging tests and each set consists ofnine fiberglass samples. The tested insulation length of these samples waschosen as 0.3 m. Two metallic bands, upper and bottom, were used aselectrodes and tightly wrapped on the samples. The effect of surfacecondition on the materials electric degradation was studied and the ninesamples were divided into' three group. The external surfaces of the firstgroup of tested samples were kept intact, but some scratches were manuallyplaced on the external surfaces of the second group. For the third group, fiveholes, each with 2.5 cm in diameter, were manually drilled in each sample.The electric experimental using to identify the insulation strength offiberglass materials were (the lighting impulse test, AC wet flashover testsand, AC dry flashover test).The result show that the CFO voltage and ACflashover under dry condition were higher than under wet condition for allsamples. The leakage current has a linear relation ship with applied voltage.The electric degradation is significant when the sample were tested withelectric stress.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26714_b4b4b8a36d816092014a71ba08a7ca48.pdf
Electric Degradation
Fiberglass pole
Insulation materials
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2008-09-28
26
9
1143
1157
10.30684/etj.26.9.10
26715
NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR HIGH- SPEED ALL- OPTICAL BOOLEAN GATES
Inmar N. Ghazi
1
In this paper few high speed (i.e. as high as 80 GB/s) all-optical logic gates has been studied.These logic gates include a ( 80Gb/s XOR ) gate using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)based Mach-Zehnder interferometer incorporated with a delayed interferometer (DI), Theperformance of XOR operation has been investigated using numerical simulations. The quality ofthe XOR result is improved using a (DI) delayed interferometer after the Mach-Zehnderinterferometer. . A (80Gb/s XNOR) gate using four wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinearfibers (HNLF) have been studied also, the four wave mixing process is a very fast process infibers ,the nonlinear Schrödinger equation that describes (FWM) process in fiber is solvednumerically using the split-step Fourier transform method ,this scheme is capable of operating ata data rate as high as 250Gb/s ,finally A(40Gb/s) NOR gate operation has been analyzed by anumerical solution of the SOA rate equations. To investigate the quality of NOR operation bysimulation, Q factor of the NOR output signal has been calculated. Q factor gives the informationof the optical signal to noise ratio in digital transmission .All numerical simulation programsperformed through Matt-Lab 7.0 prgram.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26715_8e45a2e25b6e47f1aef50954cb3277b0.pdf
All
Optical
logic gates
semiconductor optical amplifier
Mach
Zehnder Interferometer
nonlinear Schr
XOR gate
XNOR gate
NOR gate