eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
234
249
10.30684/etj.27.7.18
35696
The Architectural Development in Baghdad's house's elevations"an analytical study in Baghdad's house's elevations at twentieth century
Shaima Ali
1
The Architecture is a cultural monumental . It has its action's and reactions and its position and historical distance . The house , as it concern , one of the Architectural Phenomenon , has effected from the past till now with the conceptual and theoretical changes . and since the last has effected in the house as a whole , from side . And the product of its elevation , from the other side . And as a result of no assistance of any research which study the development of Baghdad's house's elevations during the twentieth century . And to have a completed knowledgement about this subject , therefore the research problem has been : "There is no completed knowledgement about the development that happened in the Baghdad's house's elevations at the twentieth century according to the cultural and effectiveness" The work study different points : the architectural development , the development in the house's elevations at the twentieth century , the theoritcal frame , The work, Practical study , Results , conclusions and advices The results refer to the development that happened in the Baghdad's elevation's houses during the twentieth century.The cultural and social theory effected in the elevations,coused a harmonycal changes between the elevations and the theory. The results refer also to the local and historical values beside the new and developmental theories and a large interested in the formal values.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35696_93caa0410962c2b891a450831aef3a2c.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
250
257
10.30684/etj.27.7.19
35698
Using Al2O3-Mgo-PSZ ceramic system in cutting tools manufacturing
Jinan Khashan
1
Haitham Salih
2
Recent advance in high-speed cutting materials have focused on reinforcingalumina with different carbides and nitrides in order to improve hardness and fracturetoughness, this composites materials use in cutting tools application. The present studyconcert on properties of cutting tools made by Al2O3 reinforcement by Mg-PsZ. Theadded weight fractions from ZrO2 are (15% , 20%). The materials cold-pressed at (5, 7,10) ton, at (1400, 1500, 1600 Co) in two hours. The result shows increasing in hardnessand densities values of specimen with the increasing the mixing percent also, there is asignification enhancement of specimen properties with increased temperature andpressure, the approperte temperature is 1600 Co with pressure 10 ton.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35698_0a6617a9e02c74dd823a8933fc25c0fa.pdf
Advance ceramics
Cutting materials
Composite Materials
Zirconia based ceramics
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
258
268
10.30684/etj.27.7.20
35702
Effect of Pb and Sn Adding on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of á-Brass (70/30)
Muna Abbas
muna.k.abbass@uotechnology.edu.iq
1
Makarem Abdul-Karim
2
Thikra Ali
3
This work is concerned with a study of dry sliding wear of α–Brass (70/30) withaddition of lead and tin(3%wt) for each one alloy. Three brass alloys were prepared bymelting and pouring in steel molds. A Pin -on-Disc technique was used. The effect ofapplied loads and sliding times on wear rate were examined. The results show that thewear rate increases with increasing applied loads and with increasing sliding time atconstant sliding speed (2.7m/s) while hardness of steel disc was 35 HRc .The results also show that the brass alloy containing 3% tin has morewear resistance than that of other brass alloys.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35702_176f76ba8e30a6970e5d98c2ab82f5a5.pdf
wear
Brass alloys
Microstructure
alloying elements
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1234
1246
10.30684/etj.27.7.1
35603
Design and Simulation of Microwave Oscillator
Ahmed H. Reja
1
Murooj N. MohammadAli
2
Rajaa K. Jaber
3
This paper is concerned with the design and simulation of fixed frequency microwaveoscillator. Scattering parameters of the active device (MESFET-Afm02n8b) are used todesign and synthesize the oscillator. The computer aided design package (MicrowaveOffice 2000 version 3.22) is employed to optimize oscillator subcircuits performancesuch as resonator, feedback, and output matching network. Two techniques areemployed for the analysis purposes. The first method involves the open-loop gain andphase response versus frequency, the second method considers the oscillator as one-portwith negative resistance. Fixed frequency oscillator at 7GHz is realized and tested.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35603_2e38715e934603d6f87f451ae20c9a34.pdf
Microwave oscillator
Negative resistance
Open Loop Gain
Fixed Frequency
and Resonator
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1247
1259
10.30684/etj.27.7.2
35606
Evaluation of Elastic Deflections and Bending Moments for Orthotropically Reinforced Concrete Rectangular slabs Supported on Three Edges Only
Hisham M. AL-Hassani
1
Husain M. Husain
2
Asmaa Ali Ahmad
3
Building and Construction Department , University of Technology/Baghdad
This paper deals with the evaluation of the elastic deflections and bending momentsfor orthotropically reinforced concrete rectangular slabs supported on three variouslyrestrained edges with the fourth edge free and subjected to uniformly distributed load.Six cases are considered for such slabs to cover all possible restraining conditions at thethree supported edges. Based on the finite difference approach, equations are derived tocalculate the maximum values of the positive and negative bending moments as well asthe maximum deflection in any of these six slab cases caused by the applied uniformload.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35606_4d4512cf58a7b4513e1a4fe6730c4fd4.pdf
finite difference
free edge
orthotropic
reinforced concrete
Slab
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1260
1269
10.30684/etj.27.7.3
35629
Design and Implementation of a High Resolution Two Counter Digital Pulse Width Modulation
Jassim K. Hmood
1
This paper presents a high resolution Digital Pulse Width Modulation "DPWM" for thevoltage regulator application. The PWM signal is generated by using two fast clockcounters. In this approach, the pulse width is combined from two parts depending on twocounter schemes. MSBs of the DPWM generates first part of pulse that achieved by a firstcounter-phase comparator scheme, and the LSBs of the DPWM generates second part ofpulse that obtained through a second counter- phase comparator scheme. The resolution ofpresent pulse width depends on the resolution of second counter.The developed pulse width modulator has high precision, good linearity, and wide dutycycle range. Further, it can be flexibly reconfigured for multi-phase PWM operation with norestriction on duty cycle range. In this work, a 714 kHz switching frequency DPWM modulewith 9- bit resolution is tested by simulation program
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35629_83f260c8a9bb9672c9075113b3bc9436.pdf
Pulse width modulation
voltage regulator
counters
buck converter
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1270
1279
10.30684/etj.27.7.4
35630
On The Effect of Flow Direction on Mixed Convection Around Heated Circular Cylinder
Jalal M. Jalil
1
Qasim S. Mehdi
2
Mohammed A. Ahmed
3
A numerical investigation of laminar mixed convection around horizontal isothermalcylinder is presented. The free stream direction varies between the vertically upward(assisting flow) and vertically downward (opposing flow). The governing equation in termsof the stream function, vorticity and temperature are expressed in a body-fitted coordinatesystem and solved numerically by explicit method. Results are presented for Reynoldsnumber from 20 to 300 with Grashof numbers from 0 to 120000. The Prandtl number waskept constant at 0.7. Correlation for the average Nusselt number around the cylinder in theforced and mixed convection regime is suggested. Comparison with previous theoretical andexperimental results shows good agreement. It was established that the maximum heattransfer from cylinder occurs in case of assisting flow
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35630_e3cfa5e770028434d3d784bd6e2304bc.pdf
Stream function
vorticity
time marching
mixed convection
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1280
1286
10.30684/etj.27.7.5
35631
Radiation Performance Evaluation of Microstrip Antenna Covered With a Dielectric Layer
Hussain A. Hammas
1
In this paper, a comprehensive investigation of a microstrip antennaperformance covered with a dielectric layer has been presented. An aperturecoupled antenna has been designed as a case study. Antenna parameters havebeen evaluated with and without the presence of a dielectric layer with differentthickness values. Theoretical performance evaluation of this antenna for differentcases, corresponding to the different dielectric thicknesses, has been assessedusing the method of moment (MoM) based EM simulator IE3D, v.10.06. A largenumber of dielectric thickness variations have been modeled, in an attempt toprovide accurate antenna parameters response through this range. Simulationresults show that the antenna resonant frequency is reduced as the dielectric layerthickness is increased. To maintain the resonant frequency, the antennadimensions must be scaled down as a result of the existence of this layer. Inaddition, results also show that, as the dielectric layer thickness is increased, theresulting antenna gain decreases.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35631_c0cc6962159dce4dbf28f324130c8cbc.pdf
Microstrip aperture coupled antenna
radiation performance
superstrate layer
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1287
1300
10.30684/etj.27.7.6
35632
Job-Shop Sequencing Real Life Problem With Setup Time
Khallel Ibrahim Mahmoud
1
Israr Ahmad
2
In this paper, we analyzed the sequencing situations on two machines where the machinesetup time is not independent of processing order.A real case study of Hadhramout Industrial Company Complex, Mukalla, Yemen is takenas a model. Data is collected and analyzed using MS-Excel by different methods. The problemformulation has been presented. Multiple solutions were obtained by applying sequencingmethods. The comparison of different solutions is done to choose the optimal solution. Thetime is reduced by 23% to perform the group of jobs and the setup time is reduced 30.5% aswell as the mean flow time is reduced by 30.5%.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35632_ce108d77979405004b510927ae654bdb.pdf
Setup Time
Sequencing
Processing Time
idle time
Scheduling
Ordering
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1301
1316
10.30684/etj.27.7.7
35640
Reaction Kinetic ofá-methylstyrene (AMS) Hydrogenation
Zaidoon M. Shakoor
1
Mumtaz A. Zablouk
2
Adel A. Shuhaib
3
In this research hydrogenation kinetic of alpha-methylstyrene (AMS) on Pd/Al2O3catalyst was studied. The reaction is mildly exothermic (ÄH=-109 kJ/mol). Intrinsickinetic law was investigated under wide range of operating conditions 0.1 and 0.2 gmcatalyst loading, 0.5-100 wt% AMS, 10, 15 and 20 bar pressure and 343-373 Ktemperature.The experiment data are fitted to estimate the kinetic parameters for different reactionmechanisms by using ACM (Aspen Custom Modeler) software. Finally the results ofproduced reaction mechanisms are compared with experimental results to obtain theoptimum reaction mechanism
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35640_aed6c19cdb725e6932f777de5a6cac11.pdf
methylstyrene
Hydrogenation
mechanism
catalytic reaction
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1317
1323
10.30684/etj.27.7.8
35653
Electrical Properties of Ba,Ho Doped PbI2
Shatha Sh. Jamil
1
Ali M. Mousa
2
Barium and Holmium have been introduced into polycrystalline lead iodide duringsolution growth of thin films. Electrical characterization (current vs. voltage measurements ,resistivity, carrier concentration and mobilities as a function of the doping concentrations)clearly demonstrates that both dopants introduce donor level in the PbI2 band gap andcompensate for the native acceptor defects of lead iodide, Barium as a dopant having thegreater influence.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35653_6b2dcffde2d18107a9a82502a1d6eca2.pdf
electerical properties of PbI
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1324
1335
10.30684/etj.27.7.9
35656
Remote ECG Signal Monitoring Via Internet
Saleh M. Al-Qaraawy
1
Hamid Mousa Hasan
2
Maher Faik Esmaile
3
In this paper the Internet was used as a media for transmission an ECG (Electro-Cardio-gram) signal from a patient directly to a remotely reside doctor or consultant whowill respond via the same media directly. The ECG signal (at patient side) has beencompressed in a manner to achieve low bandwidth requirement by using Matlabcapabilities. Also, at consultant side the original signal is reconstructed using the samecapabilities of Matlab. The Internet works as the center of communication between thetwo sides. A database was used to store the patient information which can be handledeasily by consultant. Respecting the internet no more than a simple rented web site wasrequired as a file storage shared between the consultant and patient. The results showthat the received signal at the doctor side after reconstruction had the complete andcompatible to the signal used for diagnosis.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35656_9fd35394bb4f2e3143fdc1a169908fd2.pdf
ECG Monitoring
Via Internet
FTP
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1336
1350
10.30684/etj.27.7.10
35665
Studies Pressure Drop of gas-Non-Newtonian Liquid Two Phase Flow in Bubble Column
Ali H. Jawad
1
An exclusive study has been done on experimental investigation of the two-phase flowpressure drop in an air-non-Newtonian liquid (CMC solutions) system in bubble column.The effects of gas and liquid flow rate on two-phase pressure drop have been illustrated.Experiments in a 0.2-m diameter, 2.4-m-high bubble column were carried out to determinethe pressure drop. At the selected superficial velocities, two flow regimes were observed:heterogeneous bubbling flow and heterogeneous churn turbulent flow, they were identifiedthrough the slope changes in the plots of pressure drop and gas holdup. The pressure dropdid not seem to be affected by the superficial liquid velocity and it was increased as thesuperficial gas velocity decreased or the CMC concentrations increased.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35665_2b4887741669e1cc9e018e1cbc53c98f.pdf
non
Newtonian fluids
Bubble columns
Hydrodynamics
Pressure drop
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1351
1369
10.30684/etj.27.7.11
35667
Aircraft Dutch Roll and State Variables Analysis Using Yaw Damper and Washout Filter
Emad N. Abdulwahab
1
Many high performance aircraft suffer from a dynamic instability problem at relativelyhigh Mach number and altitude regimes known as Dutch roll instability. In this study theaircraft Dutch-roll and lateral –directional state variables may be enhanced using the yawdamper and washout filter. The Aircraft Dutch-roll damping is improved by identifying asuitable feedback gain matrix plus preserving the airframe's low-frequency behavior by theuse of a washout filter with a time constant. An intermediate change in terminology is used toillustrate the procedure for including a washout filter into the aircraft lateral state equationformulation. A stability augmentation system (SAS) and a numerical model constructed for aMig-21 aircraft are solved to illustrate the proposed procedure. The numerical results showthat it was sufficient to use (SAS) including both yaw damper and washout filter to improvethe aircraft sideslip angle, roll rate and roll angle response in a short time. Finally, theverification of the aerodynamic characteristics of present model was made by comparing theresults of the method used (Low order three dimensional Panel method) with that of Cy-20aircraft flight data test.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35667_7ce33683fc498683113a9059c2c748e8.pdf
Dutch roll damping
Yaw damper
Washout filter
Stability augmentation system
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1370
1375
10.30684/etj.27.7.12
35672
A New Compact Dual Band GPS Patch Antenna Design Based on Minkowski-Like Pre-Fractal Geometry
Mohammed Fadhil Hasan
1
A low profile compact microstrip antenna for GPS (L1/L2) application has beenpresented in this paper. The proposed antenna design is based on the 3rd iterationMinkowski-like pre-fractal geometry. The resulting antenna design offers a compact size,low profile and light weight making it suitable for use in handheld applications. Antennaperformance has been evaluated using the EMSightTM from the Applied Wave Research.The proposed antenna has shown to possess two resonance bands (for return loss .-10dB) covering the two GPS bands. Reasonable radiation characteristics have been achievedat the GPS frequencies (L1:1575.42 } 10.23 MHz, L2:1227.60 } 10.23 MHz) with goodcircular polarization characteristics. Realized circular polarization Bandwidths (for axialratio . 3 dB) are found to cover adequately those required for these GPS bands.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35672_961829469998477d073e3fbeb0060d72.pdf
GPS
Fractal Antenna
Dual Band Antenna
Circular Polarization
axial ratio
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1376
1384
10.30684/etj.27.7.13
35675
Offline Signature Recognition and Verification Based on Artifical Neural Network
Mohammed A. Abdala
1
Noor Ayad Yousif
2
In this paper, a problem for Offline Signature Recognition and Verification is presented. Asystem is designed based on two neural networks classifier and three powerful features (global,texture and grid features). Our designed system consist of three stages: the first is preprocessingstage, second is feature extraction stage and the last is neural network (classifiers)stage which consists of two classifiers, the first classifier consists of three Back PropagationNeural Network and the second classifier consists of two Radial Basis Function NeuralNetwork. The final output is taken from the second classifier which decides to whom thesignature belongs and if it is genuine or forged. The system is found to be effective with arecognition rate of (%95.955) if two back propagation of the first classifier recognize thesignature and (%99.31) if all three back propagation recognize the signature.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35675_5a093500d5cc93a55fd3a55d92cf7768.pdf
Signature Recognition
Signature verification
features extraction
neural networks
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1385
1403
10.30684/etj.27.7.14
35680
Numerical Study of Forced Convection in Wavy and Diverged-Converged Ducts
Waheed S. Mohamad
1
Sattar J. Habeeb
2
Anmar M. Basheer
3
A three-dimensional study of developing fluid flow and heat transfer throughwavy and diverged-converged ducts were studied numerically for a Prandlt number 0.7and 5.85 and compared with flow through corresponding straight duct. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved by using control finite volume method.Development of the Nusselt number in wavy and diverged-converged ducts arepresented for different flow rates (50Keywordsforced convection---numerical study---wavy duct---diverged-converged duct
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35680_af8803e9471168561c8cd72547e6f7bb.pdf
Forced Convection
numerical study
wavy duct
diverged
converged duct
Stone columns
Encased
Improvement
Finite elements
Elastomer
composites
Hardness
Wear Rate
Two
Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Kalman Filter
Extended Kalman Filter
Modelling
Matlab
function
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1404
1421
10.30684/etj.27.7.15
35683
Behaviour of Encased Floating Stone Columns
Mohammed Y. Fattah
1
Qutaiba G. Majeed
2
In this paper, the finite element method is utilized as a tool for carrying out differentanalyses of stone column–soil systems under different conditions. A trial is made toimprove the behaviour of stone column by encasing the stone column by geogrid asreinforcement material .The program CRISP2D is used in the analysis of problems. The program adopts thefinite element method and allows prediction to be made of soil deformations consideringMohr–Coulomb failure criterion for elastic-plastic soil behaviour.A parametric study is carried out to investigate the behaviour of ordinary andencased floating stone columns in different conditions. Different parameters were studied toshow their effect on the bearing improvement and settlement reduction of the stone column.These include the length to diameter ratio (L/d), shear strength of the surrounding soil and,the area replacement ratio (as) and others.It was found that the important increase in strength of stone column occurs when itis encased by geogrid for (length/diameter) L/d = 8 while in case of L/d = 4, a slightincrease in the bearing improvement ratio at the early stages of applying the load isobtained and then the value of (q/Cu) for both ordinary and encased stone columns is thesame.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35683_51dda9d3da4375a0257a4cb9ed0738f9.pdf
Stone columns
Encased
Improvement
Finite elements
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1422
1434
10.30684/etj.27.7.16
35690
A study of the Hardness and Wear Rate of Elastomer Composites Reinforced by Al2O3 and SiO2 Particles
Jawad K.Oleiwi
1
Mohammed S. Hamza
2
Mayyadah Sh. Abed
3
This research deals with the study the effect of adding the silica particles andalumina particles separately with different ratio (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 pphr) on thehardness and wear rate of natural rubber NR and styrene butadiene rubber SBR. Theresults show that the hardness increases with the increase the loading level of reinforcingparticles, while the wear rate decreases with the increase the loading level of thereinforcing particles. The largest value of the hardness and the lowest value of the wearrate were for styrene butadiene reinforced with 25 pphr of silica as compared withnatural rubber. Also the reinforcing by SiO2 increases the hardness and decreases thewear rate more than of Al2O3.The results indicated that the hardness and the wear rate for SBR and NRreinforced by SiO2 and Al2O3 at (25 pphr) illustrated in the following table:
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35690_a087e1e79cd81f9f4dc5e3d22f66f451.pdf
Elastomer
composites
Hardness
Wear Rate
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2009-05-01
27
7
1435
1443
10.30684/etj.27.7.17
35695
State Estimation of Two-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Amjed J. Hamidi
1
Ahmed Alaa Ogla
2
Yaser Nabeel Ibrahem
3
The goal of this paper is to estimate the states of two-phase permanent magnet synchronousmotor (PMSM). The system is highly nonlinear and one therefore cannot directly use any linearsystem tools for estimation. However, if one can linearize the system around a nominal(possibly time-varying) operating point then linear system tools could be used for control andestimation. Firstly, the error covariance matrices of measurement and process would be derivedwhen the system inputs and outputs are subjected to uncertain variations. Then, the corruptednoisenonlinear model of the system will be discretized and extended to be suitable for applyingstandard discrete Kalman filter (KF) for state estimation purpose. The entire state estimatedsystem has been modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK blocks. The state estimation algorithmand the motor discretized model are coded inside special S-functions of m-file type.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35695_e45098346e6c721da77a7c13caafb862.pdf
Two
Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Kalman Filter
Extended Kalman Filter
Modelling
Matlab
function