eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
343
354
10.30684/etj.30.16.15
65993
Laser Treatment of Plasma Spraying Alloyed Coatings
Mohammed Jasim Kadhim
1
Sami Ibrahim Jaffar
2
Eman Adnan Anon
3
Ni23Cr6Al0.4Y plasma sprayed coating on nimonic75 substrate was remelted using a 1 kW continues CO2 laser. The topography, microstructure, phases and chemical analysis of plasma sprayed and laser melted regions were examined using various techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The plasma sprayed coatings consisted heterogeneous microstructure of lamella with unmelted particles, voids, porosity and cracks. It was found that the depth of melting increased with increasing the specific energy. Homogenous and shiny melted regions were achieved without voids, porosity and cracks after laser melting. Thin upper surface layers with shallow cracks were observed due to the rich layer of α-Al2O3 and YAlO3. No phases changed were found before and after laser melting of plasma sprayed layers. The phases formed are mixtures of γ’, β, YAlO3 in the matrix γ. The microstructure formed after laser melting is fine cells. Keywords: Plasma sprayed coating; Laser melting, Ni solid solution; YAlO3; α-Al2O3
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65993_153885d62bd24ab5d6a8e26c5f72d770.pdf
Plasma sprayed coating
Laser melting
Ni solid solution
YAlO
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2745
2756
10.30684/etj.30.16.1
65975
Design Optimization and Efficiency Enhancement of Linear Induction Motor
Adil H. Ahmad
1
Marwa Mohammad Marei
2
This paper presents the dynamic behavior of a Single Sided Linear Induction Motor (SLIM) by changing many design parameters of a reference model of SLIM then an optimization process is adopted to give the final equivalent circuit of the proposed modified model. This analysis is prepared by using MATLAB package, version 7.8 (R2009a) for optimization and enhancement evaluation. The improvement in performance is performed by enhancing the efficiency power factor product ( cos ) which can be regarded as the enhancement criteria for the modified model of this motor. This factor improved from 0.23 of the reference model to 0.66 of the optimized model.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65975_c8c943da8f5e5fb35ed1b46058ddb71e.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2757
2766
10.30684/etj.30.16.2
65976
The Effect of Curvature Estimations and Lighting Factor In The Edge Detection For 3D Rendered Images
Alaa Noori Mazher
1
This paper presents new approach in the edge detection of 3D images (for nonphotorealistic rendering). This new approach uses curvature estimations with lighting effect on triangle mesh as a new factor in edge detection process. New algorithm to detect edges on 3D curved surface with results is presented. In the proposed technique, the curved surface is generated by using Bezier curves and those generated curves are connected together using a special fashion to generate triangle mesh. Depending on those generated curves, the direction of surface becomes defined. The curvature is then calculated at defined points on each curve. The estimated curvature and lighting effect determine if there is edge can be detected or not. The size of the step of jumping between two defined areas determines the accuracy of detecting edge. The algorithm is tested on curved-surface which on it the edges are hardly to detect. Keywords: Triangle Mesh, Curvature, Edge detection.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65976_3d649f22e6126d7cc4d01db35a0ddf73.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2767
2777
10.30684/etj.30.16.3
65977
The Influence of Operation Conditions on the Permeative Flux of (PVC/PS) Hollow Fiber Membrane
Qusy F.Alsalhy
1
Jamal M.Ali
2
Khitam S.Shaker
3
Membranes have gained an important place in chemical technology and are used in a wide range of applications. This investigation has studied the effect of operating conditions such as temperature, trans-membrane pressure and solute concentration on the separation performance of (PVC/ PS) hollow fiber membrane, which was prepared in the laboratory from 15% (PVC) and 2% (PS) using phase inversion method. An attempt was done to investigate the ability of PVC/PS hollow fiber membrane for ultrafiltration application. A (PVP) solute was used to measure (PVP) rejection of prepared membrane. The predicted flux was found to increase from (18.88 l/m2.hr) to 33.05 l/m2.hr) when the operation temperature was increased from (10Ž) to (30Ž).While it increased from (28.57 l/m2.hr) to (263.36 l/m2.hr) when the operation pressure was increased from (1bar) to (3bar). It was also found to decrease from(17.97 l/m2.hr) to (12.20 l/m2.hr) with increase solute concentration from (1000ppm) to (2500ppm). The rejection efficiency was equal to (99.93%) when using (2500ppm) solute. This is considered within UF range.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65977_c583f4c5b06fd8ba0af75540cf3ae655.pdf
Ultrafiltration
membrane
PVC
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2778
2791
10.30684/etj.30.16.4
65978
Upgrading of Basrah-Kirkuk Blend Crude Oil Through Mechanical-Acoustical Effect and (Labs) as Surfactant
Adel Sharif Hamadi
1
Gufran Raheem
2
Salam Hussain
3
Non-Convential method has been used in this study for upgrading mixture of Basrah- Kirkuk crude oil through mechanical - acoustical effect using hydrodynamical coaxial turbo machine type Rotary Pulsation Apparatus (RPA) implementing ultra-high reliability in shearing rotor-stator operation. The analysis of the crude oil after treatment in RPA showed that on increasing the rotation time from 5 to 10 min with rotor speed of 7610 rpm, leading to an increase in the total yield of light and intermediate petroleum cuts from 30 to 39 vol%, with an increase in API gravity from 29 to 40, reduce flash point from 75 to 54.C and reduce pour point from -10 to -32.C. The results also showed that, adding LABS surfactant leads to a further increase in API gravity to 45, reduced flash point to 50.C, reduced pour point to -36 .C and increased yield of light and intermediate fraction to 40 vol% within 10 min and 7610 rpm
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65978_7fe0d1e2bb2d0df322908849ecebdb50.pdf
non
Convential Upgrading
Rotary Pulsation Apparatus
surfactant
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2792
2810
10.30684/etj.30.16.5
65979
Numerical Study for Natural Convection within a Rotating Cubic Enclosure
Hussein Majeed Salih
1
A numerical study of three–dimensional, steady, turbulent and incompressible natural convection of air (Pr=0.72) within a rotating cubic enclosure is presented. The present code is based on solving partial differential equations for conservation of mass, momentum and energy equations for a rotating frame. The turbulence effect is introduced by using two equations turbulence model of k-e . Finite volume method is used in solving the governing equations. SIMPLE algorithm is applied to solve the set discretization equations. To verify the validity of present method, present results is compared with those of previous published work under the same conditions. The influence of changing rotation Rayleigh number (Rar ) as a result of chancing angular velocity of enclosure, and temperature difference of enclosure walls on the average Nusselt number (Nu) is presented and correlated.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65979_20d5f9269416c9014de42ed0b5d7a2e8.pdf
CFD
Natural Convection
rotating enclosure
numerical analysis
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2811
2833
10.30684/etj.30.16.6
65980
Absolute Maximum Bending Moment in Short Simply Supported Beams under Moving Point Loads
Layla Ali Ghaleb Yaseen
1
This paper represents a theoretical investigation of the location of the absolute maximum bending moment in short simply supported beams under the influence of several moving point loads. However, for decades it was considered that the absolute maximum bending moment is determined by positioning the beam center-line midway between the resultant of the loads and the nearer heavy load. Obviously, other point loads may also be required to be mirror imaged with the resultant to ensure that the obtained maximum bending moment is an absolute maximum. This method was assumed to be working for all spans of simply supported beams without any limitations. In this paper it is shown that this traditional method is not always valid. Examples of short span beams subjected to moving point loads having distance between two loads exceeding half the length of the beam indicate absolute maximum bending moments greater than those obtained by the traditional method.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65980_a67b24170e678626a336b52b274edce7.pdf
Absolute maximum bending moment
Short simply supported beams
Moving point loads
location of maximum moment
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2834
2842
10.30684/etj.30.16.7
65981
Performance of MAC- IEEE802.11n-Over-Fiber Network in Presence of Errors in the Transmitting Channel
Ali M. Alsahlany
1
Haider M. AlSabbagh
2
Saod A. Alseyab
3
An analytical model is presented to evaluate the MAC-protocol performance of the IEEE802.11n-over–fiber network with taking into account probability of error occurring in the transmitting channel. The results show that the data throughput with using RTS/CTS or basic access mechanism is suppressed with increasing amount of errors in the transmitting channel over all the range of fiber delay as well as it is very sensitive to the number of stations and packet length. And utilizing the RTS/CTS mechanism shows higher immunity than basic access mechanism when the network is utilized by high number of users and errors in transmission channel is relatively high.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65981_527063a9566f7a9fa08f1e54b72a3a07.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2843
2857
10.30684/etj.30.16.8
65982
Design of Beam-Columns Using Artificial Neural Networks
Abdelmaseeh Bakos Keryou
1
Raid Rafi Al-Nima
2
Rafal Naheth Wadie
3
In this paper, manual design of beam-columns, based on the procedure adopted by american society of steel construction, is described. an attempt has been taken to apply artificial neural network to the design of steel beam-columns of hot-rolled shapes. for this purpose, a set of data have been generated using the software package staad pro, and then used in training and testing the neural network. the results showed that artificial neural network after successful learning could specify the proper sections with relatively high accuracy.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65982_3bba3c4a4faa8a8ccc7cd0bf5d304e83.pdf
neural network
Design of Beam
columns
Hot
Rolled Sections
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2858
2874
10.30684/etj.30.16.9
65983
Control on 3-D Fixable Wing Flutter Using an Adaptive Neural Controller
Mauwafak Ali Tawfik
1
Mohammed Idris Abu-Tabikh
2
Hayder Sabah Abd Al-Amir
3
An adaptive neural controller to control on flutter in 3-D flexible wing is proposed. The aeroelastic model was based on the coupling between structure-of the equivalent plate (wing) and the aerodynamic model that is based on a hybrid unsteady panel methodTime domain simulations were used to examine the dynamic aeroelastic instabilities of the system (e.g. the onset of flutter and limit cycle oscillation). The structure of the controller consists of two models namely modified Elman neural network (MENN) and feedforward multi-layer Perceptron (MLP). The MENN model is trained with off-line and on-line stages to guarantee that the outputs of the model accurately represent the plunge motion of the wing and this neural model acts as the identifier. The feedforward neural controller is trained off-line and adaptive weights are implemented on-line to find the generalized control action (function of addition lift force), which controls the plunge motion of the wing. The general back propagation algorithm is used to learn the feedforward neural controller and the neural identifier. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm; this is demonstrated by the minimized tracking error to zero approximation with very acceptable settling time.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65983_389bddabfcde0e667858231f9d8a2dcb.pdf
Aeroelasticity
Flutter
Adaptive Control
neural networks
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2875
2883
10.30684/etj.30.16.10
65985
Effects of Gold and Silver Colloidal on Gama Glutamate Transferase Enzyme Activity in Blood Serum
Salma Abdul Rudha Abbass
1
Amer Hasan Abdullah
2
Abdulrahman K. Ali
3
Laser ablation of metal plate in water was performed in order to obtain gold and silver nanoparticles. Transmittance electron microscopy TEM and uv-vis spectrophotometer were conducted in order to determine the size and optical properties of the nanoparticles, respectively. The nanoparticles concentrations were also characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy AAS measurement. The absorbance spectra show a sharp and peaks around 400 or 525 nm, indicating the production of silver and gold nanoparticles with average size of 25 nm, have been confirmed by TEM. Both Gold and silver nanoparticles show inhibition on the gama glutamate transferase (γ-GT) activity. The inhibition effect increase as a function of nanoparticles concentrations. Kinetic properties of (γ-GT) activity revealed (by nanoparticles) mixed type of inhibition.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65985_43eaf7ddbefc3f1532bb505ef0e393c8.pdf
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2884
2897
10.30684/etj.30.16.11
65986
Design of a Novel Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Side Lobe Reduction
Jabir S. AZIZ
1
The design of an efficient and directive small size antenna, for modern wireless applications, is a major challenge. This paper introduces the design and simulation of new method to enhance the gain and side lobe reduction that improve the performance of a conventional microstrip patch antenna. In this work three models were discussed and analyzed. The first model consists of a reference patch antenna plus superstrate-1 of different thickness. Modification of this model by adding square copper ring represents the second model. In the third model a second superstrate on the top of the square copper ring was added. Simulation results illustrate that the first model gives a small enhancement for the gain and side lobe reduction, only gain enhancement was obtained in the second model and greater enhancement was achieved for the performance of the patch antenna in the third model.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65986_1a2218591083dd36e74bb9135297ff98.pdf
Microstrip antenna
Gain enhancement
Side lobe reduction
Dielectric cover patch antenna
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2898
2909
10.30684/etj.30.16.12
65988
Applying Non-linear Damage Model for Predicating Corrosion Effect on Fatigue Life of (carbon + glass) Fibers / PMMA Composite
Husin .J.M. Al-Alkawi
1
Amer Hameed Majeed
2
Saisaban Ali Fahad
3
The objective of this work is to investigate the salt water effects on fatigue degradation, and stress-life relationship. A series of reversed fatigue experiments were conducted on (carbon+ glass) / PMMA of salt water environments. Results indicate that the composite degrade during cycling. Exposure to salt water (salt water is used to simulate the sea water) provides the most significant reduction in fatigue life. The corrosion environment reduces the fatigue strength by 61% compared to dry fatigue. Based on previous damage model [16], corrosion – fatigue nonlinear damage model is presented in this paper, which contains one material constant; the inverse slope (α) of the S-N curve. Six specimens of two levels loading of composite material were used to verify the present model; the results showed that the predicted life is in good agreement with the experimental results.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65988_1a68ced59d3740a810ee216c819a4bed.pdf
corrosion
fatigue
PMMA composite material
proposed nonlinear damage model
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2910
2922
10.30684/etj.30.16.13
65990
Study the (Wear, Roughness, Micro hardness) of the Electroplated Layers on Low Carbon Steel Improved by Shoot Penning
Abd Al- khalaq Fawzy Hamood
1
In this study an electroplating method has been employed (with zinc, nickle). Studying of mechanical, surface, metallurgical properties for each coated systems and made a comparison among them and with shoot penned coated systems. Low carbon steel alloy has been selected as a substrate. Studying of specified properties including coating thickness and dry corrosion properties (oxidation at high temperature) and comparison the results of each treatment with other treatment results. Coated samples with nickel and zinc by electroplating methods are used in order to compare among the resulting coating layer properties. Shoot penning method also has been employed to the two coatings in order to determine the compression residual stresses role in the variation of studied properties. Results showed that nickel coating layer has higher oxidation resistance than zinc coating layer at high temperature, but has lower roughness, micro hardness, wear resistance and density. Microstructure inspection results showed ferrite- pearlite phases in the treated samples for all coated systems, This ensures that this treatment will not subject to any phases transformation, and formation of coating layer with a different thickness as illustrated by micro structure images.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65990_26fa995cfa2d5a319ee197f154bbf43e.pdf
Shoot penning
electroplating
Zinc
nickel
Low Carbon Steel
eng
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
2012-09-01
30
16
2923
2936
10.30684/etj.30.16.14
65991
Investigation of the Dowel and Friction Forces in Fiber Reinforced Ultra High Performance Concrete Beams
Kaiss F. Sarsam
1
Maha M. S. Ridha
2
Zainab H. Mahdi
3
The phenomenon of dowel action as a shear transfer mechanism across cracks has long been recognized as an important component of the overall shear resistance capacity of reinforced concrete beams. The dowel contribution to shear depends primarily on the tensile resistance of concrete along the splitting plane and the bending resistance of the longitudinal bars. Fiber Reinforced Ultra High Performance Concrete (FRUHPC) is an advanced cementitious material consisting of a dense, high strength matrix containing a large number of evenly embedded steel fibers. Therefore, FRUHPC can be expected to improve dowel and friction resistance to shear. This paper reports the experimental study of the components of shear force applied to FRUHPC beams, especially the effects of friction shear force and dowel action. Six FRUHPC beams (120*150*1500)mm dimensions with and without preformed cracks were made with three volume fractions of fibers: 1% , 1.5% and 2%. The presence of steel fibers enhances the performance of shear transfer mechanisms by friction or interface shear along the diagonal crack surface. Thus the contribution of this mechanism to the total shear strength carried by the beam was around 36.4% for FRUHPC beam with 2% fibers content. In the absence of friction or interface shear along the diagonal crack surface mechanism (preformed cracks beams) dowel action was the predominate contributor. However, the contribution of this mechanism to the total shear strength carried by the beam was around 45.4% for HPRPC beam with 2% fibers content. Also, an expression for evaluating the dowel force is presented in this research. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was (0.835).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_65991_9488bbd0fc080ecb98069f844165f965.pdf
Dowel action
Friction force
High performance
Fibers
Reactive powder concrete