ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Weak Convergence of Two Iteration Schemes in Banach Spaces
In this paper, we established weak convergence theorems by using appropriate conditions for approximating common fixed points and equivalence between the convergence of the Picard-Mann iteration scheme and Liu et al iteration scheme in Banach spaces. As well as, numerical examples are given to show that Picard-Mann is faster than Liu et al iteration schemes.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_168873_5b193f26da02f3869c4480a115f8e419.pdf
2019-05-01
32
40
10.30684/etj.37.2B.1
Banach space
weak convergence
common fixed points
Salwa
Abed
salwa.s.a@ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq
1
Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences (Ibn AlHaitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
Zahraa
Mohamed Hasan
2
Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences (Ibn AlHaitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] J.B. Diaz, F.T. Metcalf, “On the structure of the set
1
of subsequential limit points of successive
2
approximation,” Bull. Am. Math. Sco. 73, 516-519,
3
[2] T. Suzuki, “Fixed point theorems and convergence
4
theorems for som generalized- nonexpansive
5
mappings,” J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340, 1088–1095, 2008.
6
[3] S. Dhompongsa, W. Inthakon, A. Kaewkhao,
7
Edelstein’s, “Method and Fixed point theorems for
8
some generalized nonexpansive mappings,” J. Math.
9
Anal. Appl. 350, 12-17, 2009.
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[4] W. Phuengrattana, “Approximating fixed points of
11
suzuki-generalized nonexpansive mappings,”
12
Nonlinerar Anal. Hybrid. Syst. 5, 3, 583-590, 2011.
13
[5] S.H. Khan, T. Suzuki, “A Reich-type convergence
14
theorem for generalized nonexpansive mappings in
15
uniformly convex Banach spaces,” Nonlinear Anal. 80,
16
211-215, 2013.
17
[6] J. Garcial-Falset, E. Llorens-Fuster, T. Suzuki,
18
“Fixed point theory for a class of generalized
19
nonexpansive mappings,” J. Math. Anal. Appl. 375,
20
185-195, 2011.
21
[7] W. Takahashi, T. Tamura, T “Convergence theorem
22
for a pair of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces,”
23
J. convex Analysis, 5, I, 45-58.
24
[8] S.H. Khan, “A Picard-Mann hybrid iteration
25
process,” Fixed Point Theory. Appl., 2013:69, 2013.
26
[9] Z. Liu, C. Feng, J.S. Ume, S.M. Kang, “Weak and
27
strong convergence for common fixed points of a pair
28
of nonexpansive and asymptotically nonexpansive
29
mappings,” Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics, 11, I,
30
27-42, 2007.
31
[10] V.K. Sahu, “Convergence results of implicit
32
iteration scheme for two asymptotically quasi-Inonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces,” Global
33
Journal of pure and Applied Mathematices, Vol. 12, No.
34
2, pp. 1723-1742, 2016.
35
[11] B. Gunduz, “A new two step iterative scheme for
36
a finite family of nonself I-asymptoically nonexpansive
37
mappings in Banach space,” NTMSCI 5, No. 2, 16-28,
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[12] E.L. Fuster, E.M. Galvez, “The fixed point theory
39
for some generalized nonexpansive mapping,” Abstract
40
. Appl. Anal. Vol 2011, Article ID 435686, 15 page,
41
[13] A. Sharma, M. Imdad, “Approximating fixed
42
points of generalized nonexpansive mappings Via
43
faster iteration schemes,” Fixed point theory, 4, no.4,
44
605-623, 2014.
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[14] F.E. Browder,”Semicontractive and semiaccretive
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nonlinear mappings in Banach spaces,” Bull. Amer.
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Math. Soc. 74, 660-665, 1968.
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[15] D.R, Sahu, D.O. Regan, R.P. Agarwal, “Fixed
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applications, Topological fixed point theory and its
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applications,” doi:10.1007/978-387-75818-3-1.
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[16] E. Zeidler, “Nonlinear Functional analysis and
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applications,” Fixed point theorems, Springer Verilage,
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New York Inc. 1986.
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[17] I. Yildirim, M. Abbas, N. Karaca, “On the
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convergence and data dependence results for multistep
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Picard-Mann iteration process in the class of
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contractive-like operators,” J. Nonlinear. Sci. Appl. 9,
58
3773-3786, 2016.
59
[18] G.S. Saluja, “Weak convergence theorems for
60
Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings and Total
61
Asymptotically Non-self Mappings,” Sohag J. Math. 4,
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No.2, 49-57, 2017.
63
[19] B.E. Kashem, “Partition method for solving
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Boundary value problem using B-Spline functions,”
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Eng & Tech. Journal, Vol. 27, No. 11, 2009.
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[20] A.J. Kadhim, “Expansion method for solving
67
Linear integral equations with Multiple Lags using BSpline and Orthogonal functions,” Eng & Tech.
68
Journal,Vol.29, No.9, 2011.
69
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Catalytic Reaction of Ethanol into Light Olefins Over 2wt%CuO/HZSM-5
There was increasing in the international needing for fossil fuel, which is formed from nonrenewable materials such as crude oil. Bio-ethanol considered one of the materials that can be produced from renewable sources like the fermentation of sugar cane. 2wt% CuO doped HZSM-5 has been modified by the impregnation method. All experimental runs have conducted at 500 °C, 1 atmosphere pressure and WHSV 3.5 h-1 in a fixed bed reactor. Catalyst, which modified in this work, was analyzed by SEM and XRD as well as TGA experiment. The analysis hydrocarbons products have done by gas chromatographs provided with flame ionization detector (FID) and thermal conductivity detector (TCD). It has been studied CuO doped HZSM-5 catalyst gives higher ethanol conversion and yield especially light olefins as compared to HZSM-5 parent catalyst. In addition, reduces the coke formation over HZSM-5, therefore, enhanced the life of HZSM-5 catalyst. HZSM-5, ethanol to hydrocarbons, Catalyst, coke, deactivation
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_168874_2959cbadb6d82ed6280340362d91db33.pdf
2019-05-01
41
44
10.30684/etj.37.2B.2
HZSM-5
ethanol to hydrocarbons
Catalyst
coke
deactivation
Fanar G. Hashim
Hashim
fanar_ganem@yahoo.com
1
Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] K. Ramesh, L.M. Hui, Y.F. Han, and A. Born,
1
“Structure and reactivity of phosphorous modified HZSM-5 catalysts for ethanol dehydration,” Catalysis
2
Communications, 10, 567–571, 2009.
3
[2] J. Bia, M. Liua, C.X. Wanga, and Guo, X. “C2–C4
4
light olefins from bioethanol catalyzed by Ce-modified
5
nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts,” Applied
6
Catalysis B: Environmental, 107, 68-76, 2011.
7
[3] G. Carotenuto, A. Kumar, J. Miller, A. Mukasyan,
8
and E. Santacesaria, “Hydrogen production by ethanol
9
decomposition and partial oxidation over
10
copper/copper-chromite based catalysts,” Catalysis
11
Today, 203, 163–175, 2013.
12
[4] J. Gurgul, R.P. Socha, and S. Dzwigaj, “Effect of
13
Cu content on the catalytic activity of Cu SiBEA
14
zeolite in the SCR of NO by ethanol: Nature of the
15
copper species”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,
16
91, 217–224, 2009.
17
[5] A. Takahashi, W. Xia, I. Nakamura, H. Shimada,
18
and T. Fujitani, “Effects of added phosphorus on
19
conversion of ethanol to propylene over ZSM-5
20
catalysts,” Applied Catalyst A: General (423– 424),
21
162-167, 2012.
22
[6] T.A. Abdullah and H.A. Zaidi, “Effect of ZnO and
23
NiO Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst for Ethanol
24
Conversion to Hydrocarbons,” International Journal of
25
Chemical Engineering and Applications, 7, 151-155,
26
[7] F.F. Madeira, N.S. Gnep, P. Magnoux, S. Maury,
27
and N. Cadran, “Ethanol transformation over HFAU,
28
HBEA and HMFI zeolites presenting similar Brønsted
29
acidity,” Applied Catalyst A: General (367), 39-46, 2009.
30
[8] J.J. Saceda, K. Rintramee, S. Khabuanchalad, S.
31
Prayoonpokarach, R.L. Leon, and J. Wittayakun,
32
“Properties of zeolite Y in various forms and
33
utilization as catalysts or supports forcerium oxide in
34
ethanol oxidation,” Journal of Industrial and
35
Engineering Chemistry, 18, 420-424, 2012.
36
[9] Y. Tavan, M.R.K. Nikou, and A. Shariati, “Effect
37
of the P/Al ratio on the performance of modified
38
HZSM-5 for methanol dehydration reaction,” Journal
39
of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry JIEC (1381),
40
[10] G. Songa, A. Takahashia, I. Nakamuraa, and T.
41
Fujitani, “Phosphorus-modified ZSM-5 for conversion
42
of ethanol to propylene,” Applied Catalyst A: General.
43
(384), 201-205, 2010.
44
[11] W. Kiatkittipong, S. Wongsakulphasatch, N.
45
Tintan, N. Laosiripojana, P. Praserthdam, and S.
46
Assabumrungrat, “Gasoline upgrading by selfetherification with ethanol on modified beta-zeolite,”
47
Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 1999-2004, 2011.
48
[12] P. Rybak, B. Tomaszewska, A. Machocki, W.
49
Grzegorczyk, and A. Denis, “Conversion of ethanol
50
over supported cobalt oxide catalysts,” Catalysis
51
Today, 176, 14-20, 2011.
52
[13] Q. Sheng, K. Ling, Z. Li, and L. Zhao, “Effect of
53
steam treatment on catalytic performance of HZSM-5
54
catalyst for ethanol dehydration to ethylene,” Fuel
55
Processing Technology, 110, 73–78, 2013.
56
[14] A.G. Gayubo, A. Alonso, B.A.T. Aguayo, and J.
57
Bilbao, “Selective production of olefins from
58
bioethanol on HZSM-5 zeolite catalyststreated with
59
NaOH. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 97, 299-
60
306, 2010.
61
[15] W. Huang, F. Gong, M. Fan, Q. Zhai, C. Hong,
62
and L. Quanxin, “Production of light olefins by
63
catalytic conversion of lingo cellulosic biomass with
64
HZSM-5 zeolite impregnated with 6 wt. %
65
lanthanum,” Bioresource Technology, 121, 248-255,
66
[16] N.I.Zhang, Dongsen Mao, and Xiaolong Zhai.
67
“Selective conversion of bio-ethanol to propene over
68
nano-HZSM-5 zeolite: Remarkably enhanced catalytic
69
performance by fluorine modification,” Fuel
70
Processing Technology, 167, 50-60, 2017.
71
[17] G. Sorrosal, E. Irigoyen, C.E. Borges, C. Martin,
72
A.M. Macarulla & A. Alonso-Vicario, “Artificial
73
neural network modelling of the bioethanol-to-olefins
74
process on a HZSM-5 catalyst treated with alkali,”
75
Applied Soft Computing, 58, 648-656, 2017.
76
[18] D. Liu, Y. Liu, E.Y.L. Goh, C.J.Y Chu, C.G.
77
Gwie, J. Chang, & A. Borgna, A. “Catalytic
78
conversion of ethanol over ZSM-11 based catalysts,”
79
Applied Catalysis A: General, 523, 118-129, 2016.
80
[19] X. Li, A. Kant, Y. He, H.V. Thakkar, M.A.
81
Atanga, F. Rezaei & A.A. Rownaghi, “Light olefins
82
from renewable resources: Selective catalytic
83
dehydration of bioethanol to propylene over zeolite
84
and transition metal oxide catalysts,” Catalysis Today,
85
276, 62-77, 2016.
86
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling the Plasma Frequency for F2-Region Using Modified Chapman Function and NeQuick2 Model over Different Geographical Locations and Months
This study aims to modeling the plasma frequency profile of the F2 region as a function of geographical location and month of the y ear. The most important model and function used are Chapman function and NeQuick 2 model which have been defined both by exponential function. These models need some ionospheric parameters such as the critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2), maximum peak height (hmF2), semi thickness (ymF2), and the M factor (M (3000) F2). The results of these models are compared with the results of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model. For north hemisphere, the results of Chapman function has great fit with the results of IRI2012 model for low and high latitudes. For southern hemisphere the MAPE has greater values at high latitudes and drops to low latitudes. For NeQuick model, MAPE has a periodic behavior with latitudes. The monthly mean of the MAPE of the results obtained by modeling the plasma frequency profile using Chapman function and NeQuick2 model equal 0.466 and 0.259. The analysis of the MAPE for ten months gives a best correlation between the MAPE and foF2.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_168875_13c77311a6dddfbb7e8b604c344a7a87.pdf
2019-05-01
45
53
10.30684/etj.37.2B.3
Chapman function
Electron density
Empirical Model
F2- region
Ionosphere
NeQuick Model
Ali
Nima
aluqaily2015.atmsc@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
1
Atmospheric Sciences Dept ,University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] P. Sibanda and L.A. McKinnell, "The applicability
1
of existing topside ionospheric models to the South
2
Africa region", South African Journal of Science, Vol.
3
105, Research Letter, pp. 387-390, 2009.
4
[2] R. C. Ljiljana, Z. Bruno and A.B. Peter, "Status of
5
available N (h) model profiles", ANNALI DI
6
GEOPHYSICA, XXXIX (4), pp. 729-733, 1993.
7
[3] Guide to Reference and Standard Ionosphere
8
Models, "Parameterized Ionospheric Model (PIM)",
9
ANSI/AIAA, G-034-1998, Published by American
10
Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, USA, P.
11
[4] G.E. Rodolfo, M.D. Marta and H. Teresita,
12
"Electron density profile modeling". ANNALI DI
13
GEOPHYSICA, XXXIX (4), pp. 539-542, 1996.
14
[5] M. Pietrella et al., "NeQuick2 and IRI2012 models
15
applied to mid and high latitudes, and the Antarctic
16
ionosphere", Antarctic Science, pp. 1-12, 2017.
17
[6] G. Di Giovanni and S.M. Radicella, "An analytical
18
model of the electron density profile in the ionosphere".
19
Adv. Space Res. Vol. 10 No. 11, pp. 27–30. 1990.
20
[7] S.M. Radicella and M.L. Zhang, "The improved
21
DGR analytical model of electron density height profile
22
and total electron content in the ionosphere". Annali di
23
Geofisica XXXVIII (1), pp. 35–41, 1995.
24
[8] S.M. Radicella and R. Leitinger, "The Evolution of
25
the DGR Approach to Model Electron Density
26
Profiles", Adv. Space Res. Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 35-
27
[9] L. Reinhart, M. L. Zhang and S. M. Radicella, "An
28
improved bottomside for the ionospheric electron
29
density model NeQuick", Annals of Geophysics, vol.
30
48, No. 3, June 2005.
31
[10] B. Nava et al., "A near-real-time model-assisted
32
ionosphere electron density retrieval method", Radio
33
Sci., vol. 41, RS6S16, 2006.
34
[11] B. Nava et al." A new version of the NeQuick
35
ionosphere electron density", Journal of Atmospheric
36
and Solar terrestrial Physics", Vol. 70, No. 15, 1856-
37
1862, 2008.
38
[12] B. Benoit, L. Matthieu and W. Rene," Galileo
39
Single Frequency ionospheric correction: Performance
40
in terms of position", GPS solutions, Vol. 17, No. 1,
41
January 2013.
42
[13] Y. Xiao et al., "The Performance of ionospheric
43
Correlation based on NeQuick2 model adaptation to
44
Global ionospheric Maps", Advances in Space
45
Research, Vol. 55, Issue 7, pp. 1741-1747, April 2015.
46
[14] W. Ningbo, "An Examination of the Galileo
47
NeQuick model: Comparison with GPS and Jason
48
TEC", GPS solutions, Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 605-615,
49
April 2017.
50
[15] J. V. Wright, "A model of the F region above
51
hmF2", J. Geophysics. Res., vol. 65, pp. 185–191, 1960.
52
[16] M. W. Fox, "A simple, convenient formalism for
53
electron density profiles", Radio Sci., vol. 29, pp. 1473-
54
1491, 1994.
55
[17] B. W. Reinisch, "Tenth International Digisonde
56
Training Seminar at UMass Lowell Reviews State of
57
Real Time Mapping of the Ionosphere", IEEE Antennas
58
Propagation Magazine, 45, pp. 110-117, 2004.
59
[18] B. W. Reinisch et al. "Using scale heights derived
60
from bottomside ionograms for modeling the IRI
61
topside profile", Adv. Radio Sci., 2, pp. 293-297, 2004.
62
[19] M. L. Zhang et al. "Results of the modeling of the
63
topside electron density profile using the Chapman and
64
Epstein function", Adv. Space Res., vol. 29, pp. 871–
65
876, 2002.
66
[20] J.L. Lei et al. "A statistical study of ionospheric
67
profile parameters derived from Millstone Hill
68
incoherent scatter radar measurements", Geophysics
69
Research Letter, 31, L14804, 2004.
70
[21] J. L. Lei et al., "Variations of electron density
71
based on long-term incoherent scatter radar and
72
Ionosonde measurements over Millstone Hill", Radio
73
Sci., 40, RS2008, 2005.
74
[22] R. G. Ezquer et al., "Predicted and measured total
75
electron content at both peaks of the equatorial
76
anomaly", Radio Sci., vol. 29, pp. 831–838, 1994.
77
[23] R. G. Ezquer et al., "Predicted and measured total
78
electron content over Havana", J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.,
79
vol. 59, pp. 591–596, 1997.
80
[24] B. W. Reinisch and X. Huang, "Deducing topside
81
profiles and total electron content from bottomside
82
ionograms", Adv. Space Res., 27, pp. 23–30, 2001.
83
[25] X. Huang and B. W. Reinisch, "Vertical electron
84
content from ionograms in real time", Radio Sci., vol.
85
36, pp. 335–342. 2001.
86
[26] A. Belehaki et al., "Comparison of ionospheric
87
ionization measurements over Athens using ground
88
Ionosonde and GPS-derived TEC values, Radio Sci.,
89
vol. 38, No. (6), 1105, 2003.
90
[27] B. W. Reinisch et al., "Using scale heights derived
91
from bottomside ionograms for modeling the IRI
92
topside profile", Adv. Radio Sci., vol. 2, pp. 293-297,
93
[28] X. Luan et al., "Climatology of the F-layer
94
equivalent winds derived from Ionosonde measurements
95
over two decades along the 120o
96
-150o E-sector", Ann.
97
Geophysics, vol.22, pp. 2785–2796, 2004.
98
[29] L. Liu et al., "Solar activity variations of equivalent
99
winds derived from global Ionosonde data", J.
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Geophysics. Res., vol. 109, A12305, 2004.
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[30] S. M. Stankov, "A new method for reconstruction
102
of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper
103
ionosphere and plasmasphere", J. Geophysics. Res.,
104
108(A5), 1164, 2003.
105
[31] D.N. Anderson, J.M. Forbes and M. Codrescu. "A
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fully analytical low and middle latitude ionospheric
107
models". J. Geophysics. Res, a4, pp. 1520-1524, 1989.
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[32] Y.T. Chiu, "An improved phenomenological model
109
of ionospheric density", Journal of atmospheric and
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terrestrial physics, Vol. 37: pp. 1563-1570, 1975.
111
[33] M. S. Stanimir, J. Norbert and H. Stefan. " A new
112
method for reconstruction of the vertical electron
113
density distribution in the upper ionosphere and
114
plasmasphere", J. Geophysics. Res., Vol. 108, No. A5,
115
1164, 2003.
116
[34] B. Nava, P. Coısson and S.M. Radicella, "A new
117
version of the NeQuick ionosphere electron density
118
model". J. Atmos. And Solar Terr. Phys., Vol. 70, pp.
119
1856–1862, 2008
120
[35] M. De Gonzales and S.M. Radicella, "On a
121
characteristic point at the base of F2 layer in the
122
ionosphere", Adv. Space Res., Vol. 10 No. 11, pp. 17–
123
[36] R. W. Schunk and F. N. Andrew. "Ionospheres,
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Physics, Plasma Physics, and Chemistry". Cambridge
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University Press, 2nd ed., UK, Ch. 2, p. 45, 2009.
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[37] Y.Y. Won, C. Wenwn, S.C. Tae and M. John,
127
"Applied Numerical Methods using Matlab", Wiley
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Interscience, USA, Ch.1, p. 33, 2005.
129
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Wavelet-Based Denoising Of Images
Wavelet-analysis has become a powerful tool for denoising images. It represents a new way to achieve better noise reduction and increased contrast. Here, experimentally demonstrate abilities of discrete wavelet transform with Daubechies basis functions for improving the quality of noisy images.in this research two methods has been compaired for modify the coefficients using soft and hard threshold to improv the visual fineness of noisy image depend on Root-Mean-Square error (RMS). The low RMS value and better noise reduction find in soft threshold method which is based on Daubechies wavelet (db8) for first example image RMS=0.101 and second example RMS=0.109
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_168876_eb6ec31ea50ff163ab40c0e2b824872d.pdf
2019-05-01
54
60
10.30684/etj.37.2B.4
Image Processing
wavelet-analysis
Noise
Root-Mean-Square error
Alauldeen
Yaseen
100036@uotechnology.edu.iq
1
Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
Rafid
Zamel
rsz_81@yahoo.com
2
Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
Jabbar
Khlaief
jabbaralhzeen@yahoo.com
3
Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] C.S. Burrus, R.A. Gopinath, H. Guo, “Introduction
1
to wavelet and wavelet transforms, ” New Jersey:
2
Prentice Hall, 1 st ed ,P. 268,1998.
3
[2] S. Gupta and L. Kaur, “ Wavelet Based Image
4
Compression Using Daubechies Filters, ”proceeding of the
5
th national conference on communications, Bombay ,
6
[3] W. A. Mahmoud , M. S. Abdul-wahab , A. A. sabri
7
, “ A New Algorithem For Reconstruction of Lost Blocks
8
Using Discrete Wavelet Transform, ” Engineering and
9
technology journal , Vol.24 , No. 10 . 2005
10
[4] D. B. H. Tay , “Daubechies Wavelets as Approximate
11
Hilbert-Pairs? , ” IEEE signal processing letters ,
12
Vol.15,pp.57-60, 2008.
13
[5] M. Jansen, “Noise reduction by wavelet
14
thresholding, ” New York: Springer-Verlag, Vol 161,
15
p. 196, 2001.
16
[6] D.L.Donoho, I.M. Johnstone, “Ideal spatial
17
adaptation via wavelet shrinkage, ”Biometrika. 1994.
18
Vol. 81, No. 3, P. 425 – 455.
19
[7] P. Patidar, M. Gupta, S. Srivastava, A.K. Nagawat,
20
“Image denoising by various filters for different
21
noise,” International Journal of Computer
22
Applications. Vol. 9. No. 4. P.45-50, 2010.
23
[8] A. D. Salman , “ Wavelet and Wavelet Packet
24
Analysis For Image Denoising, ” Engineering and
25
technology journal , Vol. 27 . No 9 , 2009
26
[9] F. Xiaoa and Y. Zhanga, “ A Comparative study on
27
Thresholding Methods in Waveletbased Image
28
Denoising,” Advanced in control Engineering and
29
information Science, procedia Engineering 15 , p.3998 –
30
4003 , 2011
31
[10] Z. Weipeng,”image denoising algorithm of refuge
32
chamber by combining wavelet transform and bilateral
33
filtering,” International Journal of Mining Science and
34
Technology 23, science Direct, p. 221 – 225 , 2013.
35
[11] Y. P. Chaudhari , P. M. Mahajan ,” Image Denoising
36
of Various Images using Wavelet Transform and
37
Thresholding Techniques,” International Research Journal
38
of Engineering and Technology , Vol 4 . Issue 02 , 2017
39
[12] D. Abhinav, M. Swatilekha, “ comparative
40
analysis of coiflet and daubechies wavelets using
41
global threshold for image denoising, ” International
42
journal of advances in engineering and technology.
43
vol. 6 p. 2247-2252, 2013.
44
[13] H. Om, M. Biswas, “ A new image denoising
45
scheme using soft thresholding,” Journal of Signal and
46
Information Processing. Vol. 3. P. 360 – 363. 2012.
47
[14] D. L. Donoho, “De-Noising by Soft
48
Thresholding,” IEEE Transactions on Information
49
Theory, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 613-627, 1995.
50
[15] P. Hedaoo and S. S. Godbole , “ Wavelet
51
Thresholding Approach For Image Denoising, ”
52
International journal of network security and its
53
application , ” Vol.3 , No.4, 2011.
54
[16] A. S. yaseen , O. N. pavlova , A. N. Pavlov , “
55
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optical and Thermal Characterizations of PMMA Composites
Thick composite films were prepared employing hand – layup method . A definite quantity of PMMA ( 98%wt ) , fixed content ( 2% wt ) of rutile titanium dioxide TiO2 , gamma alumina ( ᵞ- Al2O3 ) and Zirconia powder ( ZrO2 ) , were added to polymer solution gradually and separately. Optical constants were obtained of the prepared samples using spectrometer (UV- VIS). The prepared composite samples were thermally characterized by differential scanning calorimeter ( DSC ). We notice increasing value of glass temperature and differential heat capacity ( ∆Cp ) for composites compared with pure PMMA .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_168877_69f20e33ca82bd93e71516968ef63ae8.pdf
2019-05-01
61
66
10.30684/etj.37.2B.5
Binary composite
PMMA
TiO2
Al2O3
ZrO2
Optical Constants
thermal analysis
Raghad
Al-Khafaji
1
University of Baghdad College of EducationIbn - Al-Haithem, Department of Physics, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
Kareem
Jasim
2
University of Baghdad College of EducationIbn - Al-Haithem, Department of Physics, Baghdad - Iraq
AUTHOR
Adil
Ibraheim
adilmahmoud488@yahoo.com
3
Ministry of Education Baghdad, Al-Rusafa 2, Baghdad - Iraq
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