ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characteristics of Artificial, Gypsified and Natural Gypseous Soils under Dry Condition
Gypseous soil characteristics were studied types many researchers, but the bearing capacity of sandy gypseous soil with different preparing of the soil models were tested in dry condition under static and cyclic loads in this study, three types of gypseous soils are prepared (artificial, gypsified and natural gypseous soils). The laboratory tests were needed to evaluate geotechnical soil properties. The main objective of this study is testing of the soil models in dry condition for measuring earth pressures with displacements of the soil models under monotonic and repeated loads within relatively large manufactured physical model. The results found that the natural and gypsified soils have displacements of about (1 to 2 cm) and the pressures of earth reaches to about (500 – 550 kPa) and the artificial gypsified soil reaches to (600 - 650 kPa) and the displacement of about (1 cm). SO3 content tested for the soil samples reaches to about (11.7 %) for gypsified and natural soils while reaches about (24.5 %) for artificial gypseous soil.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169037_e95ff32e8f2129568c779f357b127602.pdf
2019-08-25
302
312
10.30684/etj.37.8A.1
artificial gypsified soil –natural gypsified soil –natural gypseous soils
Wisam
Yaqoob
w_mjacob@yahoo.com
1
Geotechnical Engineering University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
Falah
Rahil
2
Geotechnical Engineering University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
Moammed
Al-Neami
3
Geotechnical Engineering University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] A.A. Al-Mufty, “Effect of Gypsum Dissolution on the
1
Mechanical Behaviour of Gypseous Soils ” Ph.D. Thesis,
2
Dept. of Civil Eng., College of Eng., Univ. of Baghdad,
3
P.167, 1997.
4
[2] N. M. Al-Mohammadi, I. H. Nashat, and G. Y.
5
Basko, “Compressibility and Collapse of Gypseous Soils ”
6
Proceeding of the 8th Asian Regional Conference on Soil
7
Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 151-
8
154, Tokyo, 1987.
9
[3] P. Buringh, “Soils and Soil Conditions in Iraq ”
10
Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, 1960.
11
[4] B.S.Z. Albusoda and R. S. Hessain, “Bearing
12
Capacity of Shallow Footing on Compacted Dune Sand
13
Underlain Iraqi Collapsible Soil ” ICGTE, University of
14
Technology, Eng. & Tech. Journal, Vol. 31, Part (A),
15
No.19, 2013.
16
[5] F.F. Al-Qaissy, “Effect of Gypsum Content and its
17
Migration on Compressibility and Shear Strength of the
18
Soil ” M.Sc. Thesis, Building and Construction Eng. Dept.,
19
Univ. of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, P.113, 1989.
20
[6] J. Porta, “Methodologies for the analysis and
21
characterization of gypsum in soils ” Departament de Medi
22
ambient i Cie`ncies del So`l, UniÍersitat de Lleida, Lleida,
23
Catalonia, Spain, Elsevier Science B.V., PP.31-46, 1997.
24
[7] Q.A.J. Al-Obaidi, “Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of
25
Collapsible Soils ” Ph.D. thesis, University of BochumGermany, P.198, 2014.
26
[8] M.Y. Fattah, H.H. Karim, H.H. Al-Qazzaz, “Cyclic
27
Behaviour of Footings on Dry Sand under Different Rates
28
of Loading ” University of Technology, 1st of (IJCEM),
29
Vol. (6)6, P240-253, 2017.
30
[9] A.A. Al-Mufty and I.H. Nashat, “Gypsum content
31
determination in Gypseous soils and Rocks ” 3rd
32
International Jordanian Conference on Mining, pp.500-
33
506, 2000.
34
[10] K.H. Head, “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing ”
35
Vol. 2, second edition, U.S. and Canada, P.439, 1994.
36
[11] K.H. Head, “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing ”
37
Vol.1, third edition, U.S. and Canada, P.425, 2006.
38
[12] K.H. Head, “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing ”
39
Vol. 3, second edition, U.S., P.425, 1998.
40
[13] L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg, and A.D. Eaton,
41
“Standard methods for Examination of water and
42
wastewater ” SMEWW, 20th edition, Water Environment
43
Federation, American Public Health Association,
44
American Water Works Association, 1999.
45
[14] TRRL, G.I. Ellis and B.C. Russel “The use of saltLaden soils (Sabkha), for low cost roads ” Transport and
46
Road Research Laboratory, TRRL, PA.78174, 1974.
47
[15] I.H. Nashat, “Engineering Characteristics of Some
48
Gypseous Soils in Iraq ” Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. Of Civil Eng.,
49
Univ. Of Baghdad, P.122, 1990.
50
[16] P.R. A Hesse, “Text Book of Soil Chemical
51
Analysis,” Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, p.
52
520, 1971.
53
[17] K. H. Head, “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing ”
54
Vol. 1, London, 1980.
55
[18] K.H. Head, “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing ”
56
Vol. 2, second edition, U.S. and Canada, P.439, 1994.
57
[19] K.H. Head, “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing ”
58
Vol. 3, second edition, U.S., P.425. (1998),
59
[20] K.H. Head, “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing ”
60
Vol.1, third edition, U.S. and Canada, P.425, 2006.
61
[21] S.A. Abbawi, “Practical Engineering for
62
Environmental – Water Tests ” University of Mosul book
63
Publishing, (in Arabic), P.274, 1999.
64
[22] L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg, A.D. Eaton, “Standard
65
methods for Examination of water and wastewater ”
66
SMEWW, 20th edition, Water Environment Federation,
67
American Public Health Association, American Water
68
Works Association, 1999.
69
[23] M. A.-L. M. Al-Neami, “Evaluation of delayed
70
compression of gypseous soils with emphasis on neural
71
network approach ” Ph.D. thesis, University of
72
Technology, P.173, 2006.
73
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Network Based Fault Detection and IsolationSystem for DC Motor of Robot Manipulator
In this paper, the detecting and isolating fault that occurs in (actuator and sensor) in robot manipulator, which is used as a mathematical model were proposed for fault detection, where the neural network was used to detect the fault. The neural network was trained on the data set obtained from the Input/output on the (DC motor).The output of the sensor or actuator was compared with the output of the model (neural network) after that the residual signal is used to detect the fault. The fuzzy logic circuit was used for fault isolation that is depending on the residual signal from any sensor or actuator that faults. There are three types of faults detected and isolated in this study abrupt fault, incipient fault and intermittent fault. The Matlab R2012a was used to the model steady state designed and simulated .The model has a high capacity for detecting faults.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169039_521eb4ac78afa6e3f617cb1ac4e5e203.pdf
2019-08-25
326
331
10.30684/etj.37.8A.3
Fault Detection and Isolation
artificial neural network
Fuzzy Logic
Manipulator Robot
Arkan
Jassim
arkan199328@gmail.com
1
University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
Abbas
Issa
30050@uotechnology.edu.iq
2
University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
Qusay
Jawad
qqaajj92@gmail.com
3
University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] H.M. Khalid, and M. Akram, “Fault Modeling,
1
Detection and Classification using Fuzzy Logic,
2
Kalman Filter and Genetic Neuro-Fuzzy Systems,”
3
Asian Journal of Engineering, Sciences & Technology,
4
Vol. 1, No. 2, 45-57, 2011.
5
[2] K.O. Omali, M.N. Kabbaj, and M. Benbrahim.
6
“Fault Diagnosis for Manipulator Robot using
7
Observers-Based Approaches,” International Meeting
8
on Advanced Technologies in Energy and Electrical
9
Engineering, 1-9, 2018.
10
[3] A.T. Vemuri, M.M. Polycarpou, and S.A.
11
Diakourtis, “Neural Network Based Fault Detection in
12
Robotic Manipulators,” IEEE, Vol. 14, No. 2, 342-
13
384, 1998.
14
[4] M. Abid, “Fault detection in nonlinear systems: An
15
observer based approach,” Ph.D. thesis, DuisburgEssen University, 2010.
16
[5] M.S. Khireddine, K. Chafaa, N. Slimane, and A.
17
Boutarfa, “Fault Diagnosis in robotic manipulators
18
using Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy logic,”
19
LRP & LEA Labs. Electronics Department, Batna
20
University Batna . IEEE, 2014.
21
[6] A.S. Rezazadeh, H.R. Koofigar, and S. Hosseinnia,
22
“Adaptive fault detection and isolation for a class of
23
robot manipulators with time-varying perturbation,”
24
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 4901-
25
4911 Springer 2015.
26
[7] H-J. Ma, and G.-H. Yang, “Simultaneous fault
27
diagnosis for robot manipulators with actuator and
28
sensor faults,” Information Sciences 366, 12–30, 2016.
29
[8] C.T. Trung, H. M. Son, D. P. Nam, T. N. Long, D.
30
T. Toi, and P. A. Viet, “Fault Detection and Isolation
31
for Robot Manipulator Using Statistics,” International
32
Conference on System Science and Engineering
33
(ICSSE) IEEE, 340-343, 2017.
34
[9] M. Md Kamal and D. Yu, “Fault Detection and
35
Isolation using RBF Networks for Polymer Electrolyte
36
Membrane Fuel Cell,” World Academy of Science,
37
Engineering and Technology International Journal of
38
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol:7, No:4,pp.
39
459-463, 2013.
40
[10] A.H. Issa, H.M. Hadi, “Intelligent Fault Detection
41
for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC
42
Based on Artificial Neural Network ANN,” AlMansour University College / Proceeding of 15th
43
Scientific Conference pp. 207-218, 23-24, 2016.
44
[11] Daniel graupe, “Principles of Artificial Neural
45
Networks,” Second edition, World Scientific
46
Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Vol. 6, 2007.
47
[12] A.P. Engelbrecht, “Computational Intelligence,”
48
2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 2007.
49
[13] L.A. Bryan, and E.A. Bryan, “Programmable
50
Controllers: Theory and Implementation,” 2nd Edition,
51
Industrial Text Company, U.S.A, 1997.
52
[14] S. Dash, R. Rengaswamy, V.
53
Venkatasubramanian, “Fuzzy logic based trend
54
classification for fault diagnosis of chemical
55
processes,” Elsevier Science, Computers and Chemical
56
Engineering, Vol. 27, pp. 347-362, 2003.
57
[15] A. Telba, “Motor Speed Control Using FPGA,”
58
IEEE, Proceedings of the World
59
Congress on Engineering, London, UK, Vol. I. July 2
60
- 4, 2014.
61
[16] A. Konar, “Artificial Intelligence and Soft
62
Computing Behavioral and Cognitive Modeling of the
63
Human Brain,” CRC Press, 2000.
64
[17] K. Mehrotra, C.K. Mohan, and S. Ranka,
65
“Elements of Artificial Neural Networks,”
66
Massachusetts Institute of technology, 2000.
67
[18] A.H. Issa, and A.N. Abd, “Adaptive Inverse
68
Neural Network Based DC Motor Speed and Position
69
Control Using FPGA,” Diyala Journal of Engineering
70
Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 71-78, 2018.
71
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Radial Clearance on Stress and Strain Distribution in the Astral Deep Drawing
In this paper, an astral die was designed and constructed to produce anastral cup in the deep drawing operation by experimental work and numericalsimulation. The influence of radial clearance on drawing load, cup high, thedistribution of stress, strain and thickness along the side wall, minor and majoraxis were also studied. The deep drawing process was carried out to produce anastral cup with an inner dimension of (41.5mm × 34.69mm), and (30mm) heightdrawn from a blank sheet with a thickness of (0.7) and diameter (80) made of lowcarbon steel. A commercial program (ANSYS18.0) was used to perform thenumerical simulation. Three types of radial clearance equal to (1.1 , 1.2 , and1.3 ) are used to investigate the influence of radial clearance. It was found thatthe maximum value of the drawing load 55KN) recorded with radial clearanceequal (1.1 ). The process of a squeeze in the wall that occurred with the radialclearance (1.1 ) due to the difficulty of the flow of the metal to be exposed tomaximum tensile stress. The maximum effective stress (674MPa) and strain(0.973) were recorded with the clearance of (1.1 ) at the minor axis.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169040_0a698975be869e0a4a6324dcd6f1b2b7.pdf
2019-08-25
332
340
10.30684/etj.37.8A.4
deep drawing of the astral shape
stress and strain distribution
radial clearance
Waleed
Jawad
1
Production and Metallurgy Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
Ali
Ikal
engaliomary@yahoo.com
2
Production and Metallurgy Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] N.S.M. Namer, S.A. Nama, and J.W. Thabit,
1
“Numerical and Experimental Study on Deep Drawing
2
Process for AA2024-T4 Sheet,” Journal of Applied and
3
Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 1–9, 2015.
4
[2] R. Padmanabhan, M.C. Oliveira, J.L. Alves, and L.F.
5
Menezes, “Influence of process parameters on the deep
6
drawing of stainless steel,” Journal of Materials Processing
7
Technology, Vol.43, pp. 1062 – 1067, 2007.
8
[3] H. Zein, M. El-Sherbiny, M. Abd-Rabou, and M. El
9
Shazly, “Effect of Die Design Parameters on Thinning of
10
Sheet Metal in the Deep Drawing Process,” American
11
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.1, No. 2, pp. 20-
12
[4] A.C.S. Reddy, S. Rajesham, P.R. Reddy, and T.P.
13
Kumar, “An experimental study on the effect of process
14
parameters in deep drawing using Taguchi technique,”
15
International Journal of Engineering, Science and
16
Technology, Vol.7, No. 1, pp. 21-32, 2015.
17
[5] H.A Ameen, and O.H. Abdulridha, “Effect of
18
Clearance and Blank Thickness on Stress Distribution in
19
Elliptical Deep Drawing without Blank Holder using
20
ANSYS,” International Journal of Engineering Research &
21
Technology, Vol.50, Nol.5, Issue.1, pp. 360–366, 2016.
22
[6] W.K. Jawed and S.S. Dawood “Drawing of
23
Hexagonal Cup,” Eng. &Tech. Journal, Vol.34, No. 7, pp.
24
1445-1456, 2016.
25
[7] A.I.O. Zaid and F.A. Hashim, “Effect of Punch and
26
Die Profile Radii on Deep Drawing of Galvanized Steel,”
27
International Journal of Applied Research in Mechanical
28
Engineering, Vol.1, Issue-1, pp. 17–23, 2017.
29
[8] M. Mahmoodi and H. Sohrabi, “Using the Taguchi
30
Method for Experimental and Numerical Investigations on
31
the Square-Cup Deep-Drawing Process for
32
Aluminum/Steel Laminated Sheets,” Mechanics of
33
Advanced Composite Structures, Vol, pp. 169-177, 2017.
34
[9] A.K. Choubey, G. Agnihotri and C. Sasikumar,
35
“Experimental and mathematical analysis of simulation
36
results for sheet metal parts in deep drawing,” Journal of
37
Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 31, No. 9, pp.
38
4215-4220, 2017.
39
[10] S.J.H. Nejad1, R. Hasanzadeh, A. Doniavi, and V.
40
Modanloo, “Finite element simulation analysis of
41
laminated sheets in deep drawing process using response
42
surface method,” International Journal of Advanced
43
Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 4, Nol.1, pp. 1-6, 2017.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Potassium Chloride and Potassium Sulphate Electrolyte Solutionon Surface Roughnessand Material Removal Rate in Electro Chemical Machining (ECM)
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is nontraditional machiningwhich is used to remove metal by anodic dissolution. In this study themetal workpiece (WP) was stainless steel (AISI 316) and potassiumchloride (KCl) and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) solutions were used aselectrolyte, and the tool was used from copper. In this work theexperimental parameters that used were concentration of solution,current and voltage as input. While surface roughness (Ra) and materialremoval rate (MRR) were the output. The experiments on electrochemicalmachining with using concentration (10, 20 and 30) g/l, current (2, 5 and10) A and voltage (6, 12 and 20)V. Gap size between tool and WP (0.5)mm. The results showed that (K2SO4) solution gave surface roughnessand material removal rate less than (KCl) solution in all levels, maximum(Ra) is (0.471) and minimum (0.049), while (KCl) solution gavemaximum (Ra) was (4.497) and minimum was (0.837). Generallyincreasing in machining parameter (concentration of solution, currentand voltage) lead to increase in (Ra) and (MRR). This study aims tocompare the effect of using different electrolyte solution includingpotassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) on the surfaceroughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169041_705cff850f235b22f5a5cb0c2f490b18.pdf
2019-08-25
341
347
10.30684/etj.37.8A.5
electro-chemical machining
Surface Roughness
concentration of solution
Heba
Qasim
gaithalaa468@yahoo.com
1
Production Engineering and Metallurgy Dept., Iraq
AUTHOR
Shukry
Aghdeab
shukry_hammed@yahoo.com
2
Department of Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq,
AUTHOR
[1] X. Fang, N. Qu, H. Li and D. Zhu, “Enhancement
1
of insulation coating durability in electrochemical
2
drilling,” Int J Adv Manuf Technol, Vol. 68, pp. 9–12,
3
2005–2013.
4
[2] E.S. Lee, “International Journal of Advanced
5
Manufacturing Technology, Chapter 16, pp. 591-599,
6
[3] F. Phillip and O.J. Muñoz, “Manufacturing Process
7
and System,” Ninth edition, Chapter 20, Published
8
Simultaneously Canada, pp.482-483, 1997.
9
[4] R. Ganjir, “Optimization of Process Parameters in
10
ECM by Using Rotary U Shaped Tool,” M.Sc. Thesis,
11
National Institute of Technology, India, pp.1-65, 2010.
12
[5] S.J. Lee, C.P. Liu, T.J. Fan, and Y.H. Chen,
13
International Journal of Electrochemical Science,
14
Chapter 8, pp. 1713-1721 , 2013.
15
[6] M.K. Das, K. kumar and T. Kr, “Artificial Neural
16
Networks Modeling for the Predication of Surface
17
Roughness in ECM,” International Journal of Applied
18
Engineering Research, Vol.9, No.26, PP.9251-9254,
19
India, 2014.
20
[7] Sh. Hammed, A. Mustafa and K. Safaa,
21
“Optimization of Surface Roughness for Al-alloy in
22
Electro-chemical Machining (ECM) Using Taguchi
23
Method,” Journal of Engineering Vol. 23, pp. 62-71,
24
[8] A.J. Unare1, P.R. Attar, “Optimaization of process
25
parameter of electrochemical machining of aluminum
26
alloy 7075 by using gray touchy,” International
27
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.
28
[9] H. Al-Hofy, “Advanced Machining Process,
29
Nontraditional and Hybrid machining,” First Edition,
30
Chapter 4, McGraw-Hill Company, Egypt, pp. 77-99,
31
[10] H.H. Alwan, “Study of Some Electrochemical
32
Machining Characteristics of Steel Ck35,” M.Sc.
33
Thesis, University of Technology, Iraq, 2011.
34
[11] U. Mallick, “Estimation of MRR by using Ushape Electrode in Electrochemical Machining,” M.Sc.
35
Thesis, National Institute Technology, India, 2009.
36
[12] M.K. Singh, “Unconventional Manufacturing
37
Process,” First edition, new age international
38
publishers, New Delhi, 2008.
39
[13] B. Bhattacharyy, M. Malapati, J. Munda, A.
40
Sarkar, “Influence of tool vibration on machining
41
performance in electrochemical micro-machining of
42
copper,” Journal of material processing technology,
43
vol. 47, pp.335 – 342, 2007.
44
[14] U. Rath, “Two Phase Flow Analysis In
45
Electrochemical Machining For L-Shaped Tool,”
46
Department of Mechanical Engineering National
47
Institute of Technology Rourkela, M.Sc Thesis,
48
National Institute of Technology, India, pp.1-109,
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Vacuum Effect on the Performance of Solar Air Collector with Micro-Channel Absorber Plate
In this study, the effect of vacuum with micro-channel techniqueon solar air collector performance is investigated experimentally. Vacuumspace reduces the loss of heat for the absorption plate by conduction andthus improves the solar collector performance. It has been demonstratedthat the solar collector is evacuated to 0.1 bar of pressure for absorber-tocover spacing of 4cm. An absorber plate was manufactured from Aluminummetal with 30 rectangular micro-channels (length 0.9, width 0.004, height0.0008 m) is constructed with measurements facilities of velocity,temperature and differential pressure. The tests are carried out indoor usingsolar simulator. Results showed that the performance of solar collectorincreases with vacuum about 2-5% than gained with non-vacuum utilizing amicro-channel absorber plate-black surface.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169042_f73272aae586198212db6e174dd9ef24.pdf
2019-08-25
348
353
10.30684/etj.37.8A.6
Micro-channel
Solar collector
Vacuum
Jalal
Jalil
jalalmjalil@gmail.com
1
Electromechanical Eng. Dept., University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
Nashwa A.Abdulkadhim
Abdulkadhim
2
Electromechanical Eng. Dept., University of Technology - Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] C.B. Eaton and H.A Blum, “The use of moderate
1
vacuum environments as a means of increasing the
2
collection efficiencies and operating temperatures of
3
flat-plate solar collectors,” Solar Energy 17.3, pp. 151-
4
158, 1975.
5
[2] Georgiev, “Simulation and experimental results of
6
a vacuum solar collector system with storage,” Energy
7
conversion and management, 46(9-10), pp. 1423-1442,
8
[3] P. Fang, C. Eames, B. Norton, and T.J. Hyde,
9
“Experimental validation of a numerical model for
10
heat transfer in vacuum glazing,” Solar Energy, 80(5),
11
pp. 564-577, 2006.
12
[4] B. Bhushan and R. Singh, “Thermal and
13
thermohydraulic performance of roughened solar air
14
heater having protruded absorber plate,” Solar energy,
15
86(11), pp. 3388-3396, 2012.
16
[5] M.K. Mansour, “Thermal analysis of novel
17
minichannel-based solar flat-plate collector,” Energy,
18
60, pp. 333-343, 2013.
19
[6] L. Chai, G. Xia, L. Wang, M. Zhou, and Z. Cui,
20
“Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sinks
21
with periodic expansion–constriction cross-sections,”
22
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 62,
23
pp. 741-751, 2013.
24
[7] D. Desai, and D. Subhedar, “Hydraulic and
25
Thermal performance of microchannel.” International
26
Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology
27
(IJETT), Volume4Issue5, 2013.
28
[8] B. Li, S. You, T. Ye, H. Zhang, X. Li, and C. Li,
29
“Mathematical modeling and experimental verification
30
of vacuum glazed transpired solar collector with slitlike perforations,” Renewable Energy, 69, pp. 43-49,
31
[9] M.A. Oyinlola, G.S.F. Shire, and R.W. Moss,
32
“Thermal analysis of a solar collector absorber plate
33
with microchannels,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid
34
Science, 67, pp. 102-109, 2015.
35
[10] F. Arya, T. Hyde, P. Henshall, P.C. Eames, R.
36
Moss, and S. Shire, “Fabrication and characterisation
37
of slim flat vacuum panels suitable for solar
38
applications,” 2015.
39
[11] V. Yadav, K. Baghel, R. Kumar, and S.T. Kadam,
40
“Numerical investigation of heat transfer in extended
41
surface microchannels,” International Journal of Heat
42
and Mass Transfer, 93, pp. 612-622, 2016.
43
[12] O V. Shepovalova, D.A. Durnev, A.V. Chirkov,
44
and S. V. Chirkov, “High Vacuum Glass Units
45
Application for Solar Radiation Thermal Conversion,”
46
Energy Procedia, 119, pp. 995-1002, 2017.
47
[13] R.W. Moss, G.S.F. Shire, P. Henshall, P.C.
48
Eames, F. Arya, and T. Hyde, “Optimal passage size
49
for solar collector microchannel and tube-on-plate
50
absorbers,” Solar Energy, 153, pp. 718-731, 2017.
51
[14] R. Moss, S. Shire, P. Henshall, F. Arya, P. Eames,
52
and T. Hyde, “Performance of evacuated flat plate
53
solar thermal collectors,” Thermal Science and
54
Engineering Progress, 8, pp. 296-306, 2018.
55
[15] A. Ghahremannezhad, and K. Vafai, “Thermal
56
and hydraulic performance enhancement of
57
microchannel heat sinks utilizing porous substrates,”
58
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 122,
59
pp. 1313-1326, 2018.
60