ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Creep in Unsaturated Reinforced Polyester And Effect Of Temperature On It
In the present work a study on creep in unsaturated reinforced polyester hasbeen carried out where it passes in classical stages of creep, creep ratesincrease when the temperature increases and creep decreases withreinforcement
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25944_0241f5289fc95939b9afb86d480a15b2.pdf
2007-11-01
289
300
10.30684/etj.25.9.8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Entry to General Planning Considerations for Governmental Hospitals within Health Care FramEwork in IRAQ
Governmental hospitals represent an essential part in healthcare system in any society, and particularly in IRAQ. Theyrepresent the most vital part for many reasons, such as thegrowth of urban settlements (medium and big cities) at theexpense of rural settlements shrinkage, and also the nature of theservices given by these hospitals, which are characterized by veryhigh standard with high specialization. Providing of appropriateplanning considerations for these hospitals will positively actupon the process of planning, Feasibility studies, design,execution and utilization of these hospitals, in turn will influenceand help the raising of the efficiency of these services. Thejustifications of this paper comes from the fact that are absent ofthese considerations from an integrated and comprehensiveframework, so the aim of this paper is to set the main lines forthese considerations as an information base and data bank,which work as a guide for every researcher, planner or designerin this field.The terms and notions put forward and introduced in thispaper, are just main entries to be tackled separately insubsequent studies.The conclusions and recommendations reveal the main guidelines to deal with the suggested considerations, which representthe most significant and vital aspects of the hospitals within thehealth-care framework in IRAQ.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25945_52f890217e36b541e698065b303819bb.pdf
2007-11-01
301
321
10.30684/etj.25.9.9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
أستخدام فحوصات الكلال لتقييم الاجهادات المتبقية الناتجة من المعاملة الليزرية لسبيكة الألمنيوم ١٠٦٠
The aim of the present study is to estimate the residual stresses throughfatigue testing of ١٠٦٠ Aluminium–Alloy. The experimental work has beencarried out under variable amplitude tests with and without laser treatment(the surface of the alloy is subjected to pulses of laser then without laser). Theconclusions derived from this study are:- The residual stresses are of thetensile type which lead to deterioration of mechanical properties and fatiguebehavior, and that the value of the residual stresses is less than oneMegapascal (< ١MPa).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25946_9173bcbcb85f93c154074689868af38a.pdf
2007-11-01
322
332
10.30684/etj.25.9.10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Secure Invisible Watermarking Using Rijndael Algorithm and Wavelet Transform
Digital watermarking hides secret or personal information in host digital data todemonstrate and protect the copyrights of digital products, to authenticate thecontents of digital data, or to convey side information such as access control orannotations. There are several fundamental requirements for watermarking suchas: Perceptual invisibility. For robustness, a watermark should be resistant to avariety of manipulations, either unintentional or malicious. The detection shouldbe accurate and especially the mean square error rate should be very small. Tohelp protect the copyright and data security, Rijndael algorithm will be usedusing many mathematical operations like (Byte Substitution, ShiftRow,MixColumn and AddRound Key). The wavelet transform or wavelet analysis isprobably the most recent solution to watermarking Rijndael code. Meaning byfactoring technique for invisible watermarking Rijndael code is calculated andinputted in random locations. At the end, a detection process based on backpropagation neural network will be used to detect watermarking string.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25947_20e4cec0e40f06c084967b77a44acdb8.pdf
2007-11-01
1028
1040
10.30684/etj.25.9.1
Saleh
M. Al-Qaraawy
1
AUTHOR
Imad
H. Al-Hussaini
2
AUTHOR
Khalid
F. Shubair
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation of Macroporous Styrene – Divinyl Benzene Copolymers
Suspension polymerization technique is used for the preparation ofmacroporous Styrene – Divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymer beads withdifferent mole percent of divinylbenzene content in the presence of differentcontents and types of diluents which gives the porosity to the copolymer. Itwas found that increasing the percent of DVB with fixing the amount oftoluene diluent (72%) results in a decrease in toluene regain (T. R.) valueswith increasing the degree of porosity. Increasing the percent of diluent withfixing the amount of DVB (16%) results in an increase in (T. R.) values with adecrease in the degree of porosity. Changing the type of diluent also has aneffect on the physical properties of the prepared copolymer. Addition ofpolystyrene with toluene results in an increase in the degree of porosity. Theother physical properties of the copolymer, apparent density and void fractionare also measured.These copolymers are used as the base for the preparation of porouscation exchangers (by sulfonation) and anion exchangers (bychloromethylation and amination) under controlled experimental conditions.The physical properties of the prepared ion exchangers were also measured,with total exchange capacity (T. E. C.) and the rate of ion exchange (t1/2).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25948_df294b9f95f46d9a98861114bb08c40e.pdf
2007-11-01
1041
1048
10.30684/etj.25.9.2
styrene
DVB
Macroporous
Crosslinking
Toluene regain
Total exchange capacity
Matheel
D. Al-Sabti
1
AUTHOR
Jawad
K. Jawad
2
AUTHOR
Wisam
F. Jacob
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Implementing Fuzzy Logic Controller Using VHDL
Design of a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) requires more design decisions thanusual, for example rule base, inference engine, defuzzifiction, and data pre- andpost processing.This paper describes a way to implement a simple (FLC) in VHDL, there arethree parts to fuzzy controller, the fuzzification of the inputs, the defuzzificationof the outputs, and the rule base. The controller that is implemented hasdemonstrated a 2-input, 1-output fuzzy controller with 5-membership functions.This paper identifies and describes the design choices related to simple fuzzy logiccontroller, based on an international standard which is underway.In this paper, we propose a VHDL-based logic synthesis approach for designingto reduce design time. A complete description of the controller (A fuzzier,defuzzifier parts and a rule based are written in VHDL by using Active_HDL andare assembled and synthesized using logic synthesis tools of ISE4.1 software. Theefficiency of the generated hardware is explored for FPGAs technology.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25949_2666640f33dfa9a9483cb599020a7174.pdf
2007-11-01
1049
1055
10.30684/etj.25.9.3
fuzzy logic controller
VHDL
and FPGA
Yousra
A. Mohammed
1
AUTHOR
Leena
K. Hashim
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Electroless Nickel Coating in Al-Zubare Harbor-Water
Electrode potentials in AL-Zubare harbor water (South -Gas Company),of 23.88 ohm-cm at 20oC were reported for 26 metals and alloys includingvalues for electroless nickels that signify a greater passivity than steel. Thelarge potential difference between steel and electroless nickel predicts severegalvanic corrosion, which was confirmed by weight loss data for coupled steeland electroless nickel electrodes immersed in AL-Zubare Harbor water(South -Gas Company, 23.88 ohm-cm at 20oC) .Changes in the phosphorouscontent in the range of 7.10 to 12.45 percent had only a slight effect on theelectrode potential of electroless nickel.This study indicates the beneficial use of electroless nickel coating is morepassive than other (metals and alloys) and that galvanic corrosion of activemetals such as steel can be severe .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25950_c025c70c32e9cdf0810638efef43be29.pdf
2007-11-01
1056
1063
10.30684/etj.25.9.4
corrosion
Electoless Nickel Coating
Potential Plating
Mohammed
Hliyil Hafiz
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reduced the Cooling Load and Improved Insulation Effect on Iraqi Buildings Using the Geothermal Energy Storage Phenomenon
A numerical study has been done on Iraqi buildings (Baghdad) on 21stJuly to reduce the cooling load using a new system of geothermal energy. Forthis purpose, a flat vertical plate with high thermal conductivity extended intoground in 3 m deep used with eastern and southern walls construction.The study shows that when using a plate only (without insulation) thecooling load is reduced by (13.2 %) and (12.7 %) for eastern and southernwalls respectively. In addition, it shows that when using insulation at differentarrangements the plate at the southern wall succeeds reduce in the coolingload by (8 %, 14.5% and 40 %) and (8 %, 15.8% and 41.3 %) at the easternwall.The study shows also that at some arrangements using flat plate withinsulation, one can reach a very smooth cooling load distribution for southernand eastern walls, which gives a good and easy controlling of air temperatureof the space. Also it can be seen from this study that the plate reduces thetemperature of the walls outside surface especially when using insulation atthe outside surface which means that the plate reduces the temperature anddissipats the thermal stresses which cause the cracks in the walls outsidesurface. The temperature reduction occurs in both walls at peak load, whichmeans that the heat is dissipated to the ground.As the inside, temperature of the wall surface has a great effect on thethermal comfort of occupants in the conditioned space and on the naturalconvection inside the space, when there is a good coincidence between thesouthern and eastern walls there will be a better thermal comfort. The platealso succeeded in making the inside surface temperature of the southern andeastern walls very close. The available experimental data from the literaturefor solar radiation, outdoor temperature and under-ground soil temperaturegave a good agreement when compared with the theoretical results obtainedfrom the used equations and programs in this research.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25951_170d4a9cdcbfe689ddd299a99481e2d3.pdf
2007-11-01
1064
1080
10.30684/etj.25.9.5
Nazar
Farag Antwan
1
AUTHOR
Hassan
K. Abdullah
2
AUTHOR
Asslan
M. M. Kamali
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Channel Equalization Using Wavelet Denoising
A problem in digital signal transmission occurs when a signal in onesignal interval overlaps the signal in an adjacent interval. This problem is calledintersymbol interference and limits the speed of digital transmission. Interferenceand noise are common in communication channels, and the recovery oftransmitted signals may be a difficult task. The adaptive equalizer which is usedto recover the transmitted signals and LMS algorithm which is one of the mostefficient criteria for determining the values of the adaptive equalizer coefficientsare very important in communication systems, but the LMS adaptive equalizersuffers response degrades and slow convergence rate under low Signal-to- Noiseratio (SNR) condition. The present work is concerned with the development andapplication of wavelet transform based denoising technique for improving theresponse and convergence rate of LMS adaptive equalizer in digitalcommunication systems under low SNR.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25952_636a3701e69a9fbbef4f7f43c89d4d59.pdf
2007-11-01
1081
1091
10.30684/etj.25.9.6
Adaptive equalizer
LMS
wavelet transform
Wavelet denoising
M.
H. Miry
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Data Reduction In Real Time Database Using Critical And Pivot Points
Data reduction is the important thing in the real time database but theinformation in this data must not be changed. There are very huge data in thereal time system and all these data must not be stored because the restrictionin storage media. The general method which is widely used is comparing therecent data with the previous data, if there is change in the value by a factoror large from this factor, the recent value is stored otherwise the current valueis not stored. Periodically (daily, weekly or monthly), the data is deleted ifthere is no need for to it. Here another suggestion is added to this methodaccording which pivot and critical points and specific factor specify the pointswhich can be deleted. This is done according to the increasing and decreasingin the values of data, and then the middle points can be deleted. This deleteddata can be retrieved mathematically approximately (near original data). Thismethod has been tested on real data and it’s successful.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25953_792b8ce6c6b6a9399a48bf73813d2ff9.pdf
2007-11-01
1092
1101
10.30684/etj.25.9.7
Ahmed
Hussein Alywy
1
AUTHOR