ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تمثیل قواعد اللغة العربیة كحدود منطقیة في أنظمة معالجة اللغات الطبیعیة
Usually, the natural language grammar is represented as a rules inside theprogram of natural language processing (NLP), but with a language such as theArabic language that have a flexible syntax, using this representation will producea large number of these rules that lead to increase the search time required and toincrease the size of the program, so in this paper we proposed a new representationmethod. We represent the Arabic language grammar as logical terms in theknowledge base, and we use the B+tree to store these terms since it is suitable withlarge data, so we reach the required syntactical term in a little time by using thesuitable searching method that b+tree provide it.In this paper we choose the Augmented Transition Network(ATN) to representthe language grammar since it is the most suitable parsing technique for a languagesuch as the Arabic language.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26873_1bc62325bcdf6e4775cdbd9efa800849.pdf
2008-11-28
430
437
10.30684/etj.26.11.13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study Into Some Thermal Properties of Novolak and its Composites
The research involves using phenol-formaldehyde (novolak) resin as amatrix for making composite material, while glass fiber type (E) and asbestos fibertype chrysolite were used as reinforcing materials. The specimens of compositematerials were prepared from each type of all the fibers mentioned above withweight fraction of (60%) of their weight. After that the hybrid composite materialwas made by the addition of different types of these fibers in the same weightfraction, these specimens were made in different ratios of hexamethylenetetraminecontent including (10%) and (14%). Then the study on some thermal propertieswas carried out on all composites which were prepared and the results werecompared with those of novolak resin alone. The effect of reinforcement withfibers on the properties of resin was studied, too. Thermal properties were studiedincluding heat distortion temperature (HDT), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA),erosion resistance by use of oxyacetylene burner and thermal conductivity. Ingeneral, the results have shown that after the reinforcement with differentfibers and types of improvement factors improve the thermal properties. Thepositive effect of increasing the hexamethylenetetramine is to increase mostproperties of resin and its composites have shown a new case, which combinesbetween the other reinforcement cases i.e. the possibility of combining propertiesin one material in a balanced form.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26874_d0838ac719a2f57e3a6d9f0b5ad5c458.pdf
2008-11-28
438
449
10.30684/etj.26.11.14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sustainability for Tradition Cities in The Past And The Contemporary Today
This research is for general sustainable contemporary Architectureoriginated from the Islamic thought and from creates a sustainable urbanenvironment through studding the concept of sustainability in general andthat for local one in special. Achieving dependency of traditional cities onthe comprehensive ecological approach , as all of our traditional old citieshave the advantage of sustainability, preceding modern theories in achievingenvironmental and psychological integration, through meeting generalhuman requirements with considering convenient between physical andspiritual sides, the most of our contemporary cities suffering lack in givingeffect to this approach .The research depart from the comprehensive ecological approachthrough attempting to explain town space system over its graduate levels,this to indicate the differences in space systems and its influence in formingthe contemporary Urban environment structure and the losing of its permitgraduates in the comprehensive and local level, from which someconclusions and recommendations were obtained in order to include thesustainable concept in the design and planning processes in Architectural andPlanning work obtained from traditional Islamic Architecture .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26875_6f96c47fb128e1988a0c29c6c8793fe8.pdf
2008-11-28
450
465
10.30684/etj.26.11.15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Aluminum Concentrations in Baghdad Water Supplies During 2004
Alum represents the most coagulant used for water treatment .It is used due toits low cost and efficiency. However, there are many disadvantages, mainly someeffects due to aluminum accumulation with time in human mind causingAlzheimer,s disease.In this work, Samples of water were collected and tested for residual aluminumconcentration as a fieldwork investigation in the distribution system of BaghdadCity. Samples of raw water were also taken from the intake of water treatmentplants located along Tigris River in Baghdad (Al-Karkh, East Tigris, Al-Karama,Al-Wathba, Al-Dora, Al-Wahda and Al-Rasheed ), then samples of tap water weretaken from some regions which the project supply and comparing it with the Iraqistandards. Samples collection were continued for four months (February, April,May, July) –2004 . The results indicated that aluminum concentrations decreasedwith increasing distance from water treatment plants due to the precipitation ofaluminum hydroxides on pipes wall, results had showed that most samples werewithin standards except Al-Rasheed water treatment plant which showed that 70%of samples exceeded the health limit (0.1 mg/L) and 30% of samples exceeded theaesthetic limits (0.2 mg/L) at the beginning of the water treatment plant .While inother water treatment plants percents were as follows: 35% of the samples exceededhealth limits and did not exceeded the aesthetic limit in Al-Karkh water treatmentplant ,45% of samples exceeded the health limit and 10% of samples exceeded theaesthetic limit in East Tigris water treatment plant, 33% of samples exceeded thehealth limit and in other points there were no samples exceeded the aesthetic limitin Al-Karama water treatment plant .Percent of samples which exceeded the healthlimit was 35% and there were no samples exceeded aesthetic limit in Al-Wathbawater treatment plant .While that in Al-Dora and Al-Wahda water treatment plantsshows that no samples out of the range for both health and aesthetic limits
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26862_8ac8bf05a09191287840f797a2f03b7b.pdf
2008-11-28
1301
1315
10.30684/etj.26.11.1
Adnan
A. Al-Samawi
1
AUTHOR
Sataa
A.Al-Bayati
2
AUTHOR
Ayat
H. Al-Obaidi
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adaptation of BPSK/TH/UWB Parameters Using RAKE Receiver with IPI in WPAN Indoor Multipath Fading Channels
In this paper, the performance of a PRAKE receiver for a pulse based ultra-wideband(UWB) communications system is studied in a realistic channel model that is based on anextensive set of indoor channel measurements. The adaptation of parameters of Binary Phaseshift Keying/Time Hopping/Ultra Wideband (BPSK/TH/UWB) using PRAKE receiver isshown to contribute to a mitigation of the Inter-pulse interference (IPI). This work is basedon the adaptation of multiple access parameters to mitigate the effect of IPI in a certain level.This study is done on the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) IEEE802.15.3a, CM3channel which is used for indoor network applications. Simulated results show theperformance improvement in terms of BER. The results show improvements in the BER dueto the adaptation of the values of number of pulses Ns and the number of chips per frame Nh.This is done simply by adjusting the bit rate Rb to a certain value and varies the value of Nsand Nh such that their product has a similar value. In this way the IPI is reduced because it ishardly depends on Ns and Nh
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26863_86c11bcba897a06f9308c712200c068c.pdf
2008-11-28
1316
1325
10.30684/etj.26.11.2
Time Hoping
PRake
IPI
WPAN
UWB
and BPSK
Natiq
A. Ali
1
AUTHOR
Saleh
M. Al-Qaraawy
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RECLAMATION OF PCB WASTEWATER
Wastewater from electronic printed circuit board (PCB) factories was subjectedto lab-scale ion exchangers of two types: strong acid cation followed by weak baseanion exchanger. The experimental investigation was directed to study the ionexchanger performance in terms of three different parameters namely (TDS, feedrate and bed depth). Box-Wilson composite rotatable design was adopted indesigning the experiments. Breakthrough times of (PCB) wastewater were studiedthrough TDS ranged between 317 to 1193 ppm, feed rate ranged between 0.712 to4.980 l/h, and bed depth of cation exchanger ranged between 9.4 to 60.6 cm andanion exchanger ranged between 14.3 to 91.0 cm.Simulation the effect of the studied variables through their pre-designed rangesin terms of breakthrough time by 2nd order polynomial equation was obtained. Ingeneral, the performance and characteristics of adopting two bed deionizers (cationand anion beds) was proved efficient for the removal of the ionic contaminants andnot less than 95 % of wastewater is recycled. In addition, the research considers thetreatment of highly metals content regenerant solution out coming fromreclamation system to minimize its metal content. The reclamation of wastewaterwas studied in terms of breakthrough time (i.e., the leakage of the cations).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26864_8d38533faf487067ed4751717d495702.pdf
2008-11-28
1326
1340
10.30684/etj.26.11.3
wastewater
ion exchange
TDS
feed rate
Bed Depth
Matheel
D. Al-Sabtia
1
AUTHOR
Nahidh
W. Kasser
2
AUTHOR
Mudhafar
Y. Hussein
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Determination of Optimum Conditions for Anodizing Aluminum Alloy (6063)
Aluminum alloy (6063) has been anodized using sulfuric acid as anelectrolyte. To study the characteristic of the anodic film, four variables, wereconsidered as the most dominant variables. These variables are: current density in therange of 1- 4 A/dm2, electrolyte concentration in the range of 6 - 20 vol.%, electrolytetemperature in the range of 10- 30oC and anodizing time between 12- 60 min.These four variables are manipulated through the experimental work using Box –Wilson experimental design where second order polynomial model was proposed tocorrelate the studied variables with the thickness of anodic film of aluminum alloy(6063) to estimate the coefficients of the proposed polynomial adopted via statisticasoftware.The predicated models are found after statistically analyzing the significance asfollows:Y= 27.7800 + 8.0737X1 - 0.8037X3 + 8.2078X4 - 0.6994X21 - 0.8882X22- 1.5582X23 - 1.1231X1X2 + 2.6225X1X4 - 1.7931X2X3 - 1.6956X2X4- 1.0581X3X4where Y is the objective function (thickness of anodic film), X1 is the current density;X2 is the electrolyte concentration; X3 is the temperature of electrolyte and X4 is theanodizing time.The study shows that the anodizing time and current density had shown positivedependence of great significance on the anodic film thickness while the other twostudied variables (i.e. concentration and temperature of electrolyte) had shown smalldependence on the film thickness of aluminum alloy (6063).Optimum conditions for achieving the maximum film thickness are obtained fromoptimizing the above correlation and are found as follow: 4 A /dm2 Currentdensity, 6 vol. % Acid concentration, 19.5 oC Electrolyte temperature and 60 min.time of anodizing.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26865_41f8a397b2ba135eae09f9595980e2d1.pdf
2008-11-28
1341
1354
10.30684/etj.26.11.4
Aluminum Alloy
Anodizing
sulfuric acid
box
current density
Optimum conditions
Uday
Sami Mohammad
1
AUTHOR
Sami
A.Ajeel
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design Voltage Regulator for Synchronous Generator
As the loud on an alternator is varied, its terminal voltage is also found tovary. This variation terminal voltage is due to voltage drop in armature(resistance, leakage reactance) and armature reaction, therefore thisresearch aim to design voltage regulator to maintain the terminal voltage ofalternator at constant value at load condition. By making the compensationtime of voltage drop approach to zero at load condition.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26866_f24fab2d20cad390655567f72cd8d544.pdf
2008-11-28
1355
1368
10.30684/etj.26.11.5
Rifaat
A. Jaafar
1
AUTHOR
Ahlam
L. Shuraiji
2
AUTHOR
Zainab
H. Hanash
3
AUTHOR
Salma
G. Ali
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Oxidation and Corrosion Mechanism of Steel Alloys and Inconel 600 Alloy in Liquid–Lead-Bismuth Eutectic
The alloys used in this study were two types pf stainless steels (304SS and316 SS) , low alloy steel (Type T22-ASTM) and Inconel 600 alloy `(nickelbasesuperalloy). The oxidation mechanism were studied for three steelalloys and for inconel 600 in liquid Pb-Bi eutectic (LBE) in the temperaturerange 450- 550 oC using stagnant test . A model based on the experimentsof Cr oxidation at high temperature with scale vaporization was applied tothe present oxidation process by replacing the vaporization rate with themass-transfer-corrosion rate. The results indicate that all steel alloysshowed an oxidation/corrosion behavior. The oxidation kinetics is parabolicand the corrosion kinetics is linear. The parabolic oxidation rate constantare of the following order (Kp) 304SS (Kp) 316SS > (Kp) low alloy steel .The scale-removal-rate constants Kr by mass transfer corrosion are of thefollowing order (Kr) inconel > (Kr) 316SS > (Kr) 304SS . The weight lossincreases with increasing Ni content in the steel alloys.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26867_ebe94224e5915efc4d4518f95e26a384.pdf
2008-11-28
1369
1383
10.30684/etj.26.11.6
oxidation
corrosion
Liquid Metals
Ahmed
Moosa
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
3D Surface Generation Algorithm Using Lagrange Basis Functions in CAD/CAM Application
The objective of this paper is to create an efficient and accurate 3D surfaceinterior data depending on primary initial data based on Lagrangian interpolationconcept. The presented algorithm of 3D surface generation is an extended of theconventional Lagrangian interpolation (1D). The interior data of the designedsurface have been transformed automatically to a vertical CNC milling machine(Bridge-port) through the serial port (RS232) to machine the designed 3D surfaces,where the toolpath have been generated based on linear interpolation techniques.The result of the proposed algorithm have been compared with the well know"Hermit, Bezier and B-Spline" 3D surface generation methods.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26868_11de48bedbac35556db0ab7f3f308fe2.pdf
2008-11-28
1384
1395
10.30684/etj.26.11.7
Curve interpolation
Surface interpolation
Curve and surface Approximation
Toolpath Generation
Akeel
S. Bedan
1
AUTHOR
Tahseen
F. Alani
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal Of Chromium From Electroplating Wastewater By Simple Chemical Treatment And Ion Exchange
Wastewater from metal plating works was treated with lime - watersuspensions at relatively small concentrations with continuous stirring.Experiments were designed to allow a direct contact of lime suspensionwith the wastewater constituents for a period of time followed by settlingand filtration through a sand filter. The heavy metal content could beprecipitated efficiently from the mother liquor by two mechanisms: reactionwith calcium ions to yield calcium chromate and the precipitation of thechromium hydroxides in the alkaline medium. Various parameters werestudied to reach the optimum conditions for the removal of chromium fromthe wastewater. It appeared that reasonable removal of chromium (80 –85%) could be achieved with lime: wastewater ratio of 40 mg/ L and 50 mincontact time. After the removal of most of the chromium from wastewater,the level of the pollutant needed to be reduced to the acceptable limit bypassing water through ion exchange column. This final treatment gavetreated water samples with chromium levels as low as 0.6 - 1.3 mg/L.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26869_f1bc45e6dcc8adfeb7e9724952c19542.pdf
2008-11-28
1396
1404
10.30684/etj.26.11.8
Mahmood
M. Barbooti
1
AUTHOR
Nagham
A. Ageena
2
AUTHOR
Manal
A. Tooma
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Determination Of Desertification Phenomena Using Remote Sensing Techniques
In this present work, the digital image analysis is used as adeveloped remote sensing technique to study the effects of desertificationphenomena in Karbala South west of Iraq. Two satellite images used in thisstudy with coverage area of 80 km2. The first was SPOT panchromaticimage, 10 m resolution taken in 1999. The second was Landsat (TM) visibleimage, 30m resolution taken in 1987.An area of 1 km2 was selected from each image to be the site of thefield experiment. The experiment period was six months from. Nine pointswere selected within the selected area to be the measuring points. Themeasurements were done every two months for both the vertical andhorizontal accumulated sand in the nine points. These field measurementsled to an average of 1.5 cm/day of sand creeping within the measuringperiod.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26870_ef8d1f2d252478e819b87f02e1a0a177.pdf
2008-11-28
1405
1410
10.30684/etj.26.11.9
remote sensing
Desertification
Abdul
Razzak T. Ziboon
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prediction of Cutting Forces by using Machine Parameters in end Milling Process
Cutting forces produce deformations along cutting tool which is one ofthe mechanical machining errors, so that cutting force during a millingoperation can be simulated in tool geometry during cutting conditionand workpiece, then studying this forces to estimate by using a valueswhich is produce from longitudinal component of the cutting force, thenthe results accuracy between experiment and predict cutting force is92%.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26871_d6d470ca69980cfc63f436cf98226d0e.pdf
2008-11-28
1423
1428
10.30684/etj.26.11.11
Abbas
Fadhel Ibraheem
1
AUTHOR
Saad
Kareem Shather
2
AUTHOR
Kasim
A. Khalaf
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Conjugative Plasmids in Antibiotic Resistance between Two Strains of E. coli
Two isolated bacterial strains (E. coli 64, E. coli MM294), were purified,they are: gram-negative bacteria, circular, regular edged, thick somewhatglitter, viscous, and lactose fermenter. They belong to the family ofEnterobacteriaceae E. coli 64 showed the resistant to all used antibioticsexcept Rifampicin (RA), Cephotaxime (CTX), Nitrofurantion (FT),Tabramycin (TM), and Cephalexin (RX) (Sensitive to). While E. coliMM294 showed the sensitivity to all used antibiotics except: Rifampicin(RA), Lincomycin (L), Clindamycin (CM), and Erythromycin (E),(resistantt to) Conjugative experiments showed that E. coli strain 64harbored a self transmissible plasmid carrying resistant genes for:Tetracycline (TE), Amoxicillin (AMX), Neomycin (N), Chloramphenicol(C), Ampicillin (AM), and Trimethoprime + Sulfamethorazole (SXT) Itseems that all these resistant genes may be carried on one self transmissibleplasmid, or they may be carried on one self transmissible plasmid (exceptNeomycin, resistant gene may carry on other self transmissible plasmid)..
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26872_8c378c44cbea20243cb537ef1d3acf23.pdf
2008-11-28
1429
1437
10.30684/etj.26.11.12
coli
conjugative plasmid
Conjugation
Antibiotic resistance
Raya
R. G. Jabri
1
AUTHOR