ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Representation Iraqi Map Lambert Conical Conformal Projection with 2 Stranded Parallels
This research has computed the rectangular coordinates of points on map of Iraqfrom geographical coordinates by conical conformal projection with two standardparallels ( St1, St2 ) at (30º N , 36º N) in this work the computations included the effectof scale factor at all parallels along the map of Iraq and represent it graficaly to show thedistribution of error in scale factor .The distribution of values of scale factor at universaltransver Mercator projection ( U. T.M ) was drawn to show the comparison .om thecomparison and the results obtained it can be seen that the Lambert conical conformalprojection is a suitable projection to present ; Iraqi topographic maps with accuratevalues .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28572_d0029cb52df8dcde33ed9c3e625fdcb4.pdf
2009-01-01
58
63
10.30684/etj.27.2.18
Safaa
Mohammed
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Monthly Changes of Some Physiochemical Parameters for Tigris River- Baghdad between 2002-2003
A monthly study has been performed during October 2002 to March 2003 forTigris river flowing at four stations, the first is Al-Rashdia which is the river enterBaghdad city, the second near oil vegetables factory in AL-Masbah, the third neartanning and leather factory in Saeda and the last station in AL-Twetha about 200kilometers from the site of Tigris river contact with Dyalla river south of Baghdad.Some environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, electricalconductivity, chloride, total hardness, biological oxygen demand, total suspendedsolids and total dissolved solids have been investigated.It has been found that temperature fill in the range (11.7-30)ºC for four stationsand the values of pH fill in the range (6.6-8.3). AL- Twetha contained the highestconcentration of BOD (7.5 mg/L), turbidity (100 NTU) at March. The highestvalues of E.C. (2069 mmhose/cm) at October and chloride (800 mg/L) at Novemberrecorded in Saeda . The highest values of total hardness recorded in AL-Masbah(225 mg/L) at November. The values of TSS and TDS (480,2210 mg/L) have beenobtained at AL-Masbah and Saeda during March and January respectively.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28573_12920ad8c5a9bec67e85239bb55241e9.pdf
2009-01-01
64
70
10.30684/etj.27.2.19
BOD
Amal
Hussain
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of NACA 23015 under different angles of attack and Comparison with Available Package
A Model of wing section of type (NACA 23015) had been built to be investigated andstudy the aerodynamic characteristics in a subsonic wind tunnel at different angles ofattack in order to calculate the aerodynamic coefficients such as lift, drag, moment andpressure coefficients. The effect of changing the angle of attack on the aerodynamiccoefficients was investigated. Then a virtual model of the wing section and wind tunnelhad been programmed and tested by available standard packages such as the (DesignFoil) Program which uses Panel Method to calculate the aerodynamic coefficients, andthe finite element package (Ansys Ver.9). A comparison was made to the arrived resultswith the experimental data to check the accuracy of the results, and both experimentaland theoretical results were convergent. The percentage of similarity between theexperimental and theoretical was 83% for the Aerodynamic characteristics.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28546_b5dc409c1b83a3b692f0cd4fac1a56d8.pdf
2009-01-01
215
234
10.30684/etj.27.2.1
Mohammed
Ahmed Rasheed
1
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Adnan AL-Qaisy
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Type-3 Feistel Network of The 128-bits Block Size Improved Blowfish Cryptographic Encryption
In this paper, a new secret-key block cipher called 128-bits Blowfish isproposed which is an evolutionary improvement of 64-bits Blowfish designed tomeet the requirements of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to increasesecurity and to improve performance. The proposed algorithm will be used avariable key size up to 192 bytes. It is a Type-3 Feistel network iterated simplefunction 16 times. Specifically, in this proposed algorithm, a combination of fourS-boxes lookups, multiplications as well as fixed and data-dependent rotations willbe used. Mixing round provide different levels of security, efficiency, flexibilityand good avalanche effect. The proposal is word-oriented, in that all the internaloperations are performed on 32-bit words. So it is possible to implement thealgorithm on smart cards efficiently.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28547_cffd58d23671f1cf94136dbb660887ec.pdf
2009-01-01
235
246
10.30684/etj.27.2.2
Blowfish
Cryptography
Feistel Network
Block Cipher
AES
Ashwaq
T. Hashim
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Multi-Delay Biorthogonal Coded/Balanced TR-UWB Receiver for WPAN Based on Hadamard Matrix
Impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) communication is becoming an importanttechnology for future Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). One of the criticalchallenges in IR-UWB system design is the inter-pulse interference (IPI). A Transmit-reference(TR) receiver is proposed to completely remove the IPI especially at low input frame energy-tonoise-ratio (Ef/No) values. This receiver is based on the using of a modified version ofHadamard matrix to yield a biorthogonal coded words instead of orthogonal ones. On the otherhand, from the complexity view, the proposed TR receiver in this paper has high complexity ascompared with the balanced coded orthogonal TR receiver proposed recently but it outperformsit.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28548_9e2bb5d95c2ae24acce7cd372d41cc05.pdf
2009-01-01
247
255
10.30684/etj.27.2.3
Impulse radio
Ultra wideband
inter
pulse interference
Hadamard matrix
biorthogonal
Saleh
M. Al-Qaraawy
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying The Effect of Tool Nose Radius on Workpiece Run Out and Surface Finish
Tool geometry play an important role in mechanical machining and surface finish ofworkpiece. So there are many parameters such as cutting speed ,feed rate ,and tool noseradius that are known to have a large impact on surface quality,however there are manymore parameters that have an effect on the surface roughness . this paper fouced on effect oftool nose radius on surface roughness and run out which causes tool chatter, the expermentsprove that high values of nose radius causes rough surface with high value of run out also inthis paper use seven different values of nose radius of cutting tool were(0.3,0.4, 0.5. 1 , 1.5,2, 2.5mm) under different of cutting conditions ( such as feed rate ,cutting speed , depth ofcut ) Results show that good surface finish at nose radius (0.4, 0.5 )mm which lead to reducetool chatters, work run out during machining another calculations were done theoriticallyfor arithmetic roughness which have a small difference with experimentally tests andincreasing of roughness and run out at values less than (0.3mm).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28549_1409208c858194b3af499a7496dda58e.pdf
2009-01-01
256
261
10.30684/etj.27.2.4
nose radius
run out
surface finish
Saad
Kariem Shather
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Eُnvironmental Performance Assessment (EPA) by using computerized system
The performance evaluation is an important element of the ISO 14000 process ISO14001:2004reffered to the environmental performance(EP) , as the measurable results of anorganization's management of its environmental aspect .An efficient environmental systemenables management to set and meet environmental standards and to assess whether theorganization's environmental objectives are being achieved, it allow to concentrate their focuson significant gaps in environmental performance.. The (CA- EPA) computer aidedEnvironmental Performance Assessment system, is modified from the CA-360˚ TPM systemto appropriate the Environmental Performance Assessment (EPA). In this workenvironmental performance objectives are included in the database of the system. By using(CA- EPA) the (state company of leather Industries) was selected as application domain forassessment its Environmental performance.The results showed that The Performance level of maintenance &-employees choice are 40%of the target level, where, the objectives (goals identifying), environmental instructionapplications& laws &orders show the strong points , their Performance level is 80%. The.E.Performance level of the other factors are 60%. The total Environmental Performancelevel is 62% and the summation of total points is 3.14 from the target value 5 and the totalgaps from the target value are 38.8 %.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28553_734ba1dc5a6db2bd3a16575bb533be42.pdf
2009-01-01
262
274
10.30684/etj.27.2.5
Environmental Performance Assessment
ISO
Environmental performance objectives
pair
comparison technique
Environmental performance gap
target level
Layla
Lateef Alwan
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Tee Beams
A three-dimensional finite element computer program ( 3DMPCP ) hasbeen developed to investigate the behaviour of prestressed reinforced concretebeams and to predict their ultimate loads. To verify the ability of this computerprogram in predicting the correct behaviour of prestressed concrete beams, analysisof a simply supported prestressed reinforced concrete tee beam was carried out.The beam section is 1.12 m deep, 2.44 m flange width and it is designed for a spanof 32.3 m from support to support. The test load, 0.85(1.4 DL. + 1.7 LL.), wasapplied to the beam and flexural cracks were observed at midspan. The finiteelement analysis has indicated that numerical load-central deflection curveobtained is in good agreement with the experimental one. The analysis also givesthe expectation for the ultimate load value. Distribution of concrete normal stressthroughout a cross section and along the beam, at different stages of loading , arepresented
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28555_520c3ebb47fb8efb80f5e58c6c68bc32.pdf
2009-01-01
275
287
10.30684/etj.27.2.6
finite element
Nonlinear analysis
Prestressed beams
beams
Ihsan
A. S. Al-Shaarbaf
1
AUTHOR
May
J. Hamoodi
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isothermal Oxidation of Simple and Pt-Modified Diffusion Coating on Inconel Alloy 600 In Water Vapor
In this work the oxidation behavior of both inconel alloy 600 and coated system(Pt-modified aluminide coating) was investigated in pure water vapor H2O in thetemperature range 700 - 900 ºC. The platinum was deposited by electrochemicalmethod. Pt-modified aluminide coating was applied to inconel alloy 600 by using singlestephigh activity pack cementation method. The weight gain measurements indicatethat the oxidation kinetic is parabolic for uncoated and coated alloy. At temperaturesbelow 900 ºC the inconel alloy 600 is less aggravated in water vapor environmentsbecause it is a chromia former alloy. At 700 ºC, water vapor does not have a significanteffect on the spalling of oxide scales. At 900 ºC, water vapor causes spalling of theoxide scales during isothermal oxidation of inconel alloy 600. Therefore, it is concludedthat this alloy should not be used above 900 ºC in water vapor environments. Largevoids were found at the oxide scales-substrate interface and at grains or at grainboundaries due to the chromium outward diffusion toward the oxide scales.At 900 ºC, the parabolic rate constant (kp) of the coated system was one order ofmagnitude lower than that for the uncoated alloy. It was concluded that, water vaporexhibit little effect on the Pt-modified aluminide coating. Oxide phases that formed oncoated system are: Al2O3, NiAl2O4, Cr2O3, and NiFe2O4.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28557_3d0a03cd5601cef402b3892498b62690.pdf
2009-01-01
288
299
10.30684/etj.27.2.7
oxidation
Pack Cementation
super alloy
Coating
inconel alloy
Ahmed Ali
Moosa
1
AUTHOR
Hussein
Al-Alqawie
2
AUTHOR
Khalil
Dr. Al- Hatab
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Computerized Speed Measurement Technique using Magnetic Pickup Sensor
Speed measurements are very important task according to the large use ofmotors, generators and other rotating devices. Also for the high speed ofrotation other than speed is a function of many other variables such asacceleration and speed etc….This project helps to measure the speed of electrical machines which isvery difficult to be measured directly.The computer is used to measure the speed in revolution per minute(RPM) or revolution per second (RPS), very accurately by using a suitablecircuit which is formed from, sensor, special designed electronic circuit andinterface card (Hardware) with a built program (Software) to treat the data andto give the measured speed in a digital system.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28558_288217ef66f5e7bdc20d22cc04eef5ad.pdf
2009-01-01
300
309
10.30684/etj.27.2.8
Roshen
T. Ahmed
1
AUTHOR
Waleed
k.Ibraheem
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Production of Self-Compacting Concrete with Normal Cement Content
The main object of this work is to evaluate the possibility for using reasonable cementcontent and fine materials to reduce costs of expensive chemical admixtures needed for themanufacturing of self-compacting concrete (SCC). In this work, three values of cement contentare used (rich, medium and lean mixes) with cement content of 400, 300 and 250 kg/m3respectively . Two maximum aggregate sizes of (10 and 20mm) for each cement content areused. The powder content material is (cementations + filler ) is maintained constant (500kg/m3)while the W/cm ratio ranges from 0.43 to 0.68. 10% Reactive Metakaolin Class N is used as apartial replacement by weight of cement. On the other hand, limestone dust was used as apartial replacement by weight of the powder content Tests were carried out on all mixes toobtain the properties of fresh concrete in terms of viscosity and stability. The results showed thatincreasing the percentage of filler (limestone dust) from 20% in rich mixes to50% in lean mixesof the total weight of the powder content reduces the amount of cement in SCC withoutsignificant effect on the fresh properties of the SCC mixes. This conclusion is significant fromthe economical point of view. The mechanical properties of hardened SCC mixes are alsoassessed. (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity ). The results obtained from this workshow that it is possible to produce SCC with different levels of cement content (250 to400kg/m3)using local available materials which satisfy the requirements of this type of concrete .The testdata collected indicate that these materials can be used in the manufacturing of economical SCC.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28560_48957945e368a0a8b873d95a7ac4ff6c.pdf
2009-01-01
310
320
10.30684/etj.27.2.9
SCC
limestone dust
compressive strength
static modulus of elasticity
box
funnel
ring
slump flow test
Shakir
A. Al-Mishhadani
1
AUTHOR
Tariq
S. Al-Attar
2
AUTHOR
Luma
A. G. Al- Rawi
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Principle Component Analysis and Learning Vector Quantization Genetic Neural Networks
In this work, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to improve the performance ofLearning Vector Quantization Neural Network (LVQ-NN), simulation results show thatthe GA algorithm works well in pattern recognition field and it converges much fasterthan conventional competitive algorithm. Signature recognition system using LVQ-NNtrained with the competitive algorithm or genetic algorithm is proposed. This schemeutilizes invariant moments adopted for extracting feature vectors as a preprocessing ofpatterns and a single layer neural network (LVQ-NN) for pattern classification. A verygood result has been achieved using GA in this system. Moreover, the PrincipleComponent Analysis Neural Network (PCA-NN) which its learning technique isclassified as unsupervised learning is also enhanced by hybridization with the geneticalgorithm. Three algorithms were used to train the PCA-NN. These are GeneralizedHebbian Algorithm (GHA), proposed Genetic Algorithm and proposed HybridNeural/Genetic Algorithm (HNGA).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28561_73656da51c16c1ee13af5d475e334304.pdf
2009-01-01
321
331
10.30684/etj.27.2.10
neural networks
Genetic algorithms
Principle Component Analysis
Learning Vector Quantization
Signature Recognition
Mazin
Z. Othman
1
AUTHOR
Arif
A. Al-Qassar
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Pack Cementation Coating on Hot Corrosion Resistance of Low Alloy Steel
Two technique of coatings were performed by applying pack cementationtechnology, the first one was aluminizing diffusion coated low alloy steel substratewhereas the second one was single step simultaneous Co-deposition silicon- aluminumdiffusion coated low alloy steel substrate. The pack mixture used for producing bothcoating systems in pack cementation process was composed of (30% Al, 2% NH4Cl andthe filler 68% Al2O3) , (30% Al , 5% Si , 2% NH4Cl and 63% Al2O3 ) respectively. Thepack temperature was 1000◦C and the diffusion time was 3 hr. XRD exhibits the phasesformed on both coated systems are Fe2Al5 , FeAl3 and FeSi . Uncoated low alloy steelsubstrate and the both two coating systems were subjected to exposure environmentdeposit salts mixture of (50%Na2SO4 and 50%NaCl) with weight (2mg /cm2), usingcyclic oxidation method in the experiments at temperature of 750◦C for 100hr eachcycle of 5hr. It was found that the oxidation kinetic for uncoated low alloy steel will giveevidence that the oxides formed on this alloy are non – protective. The XRD analysisexhibited the phases are Fe2O3 , Fe3O4. It was found they followed linear rate law, andspalling was observed. After these hot corrosion tests were undertaken, It was found thatthe oxidation kinetics for both coated systems in environment consist of salt mixture(50% NaCl +50% Na2SO4) followed parabolic law (protective oxidation behavior). XRDexhibits the oxides formed on both coated systems are Al2O3, SiO2.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28562_05de4046636c9c426410386f8c17ce3f.pdf
2009-01-01
332
346
10.30684/etj.27.2.11
hot corrosion
Pack Cementation
low alloy steel
XRD
Muna
khedier Abbass
1
AUTHOR
Jawad
Badr Gatea
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Generate Cryptographic key using generated 3D- Digital Image
Every few years, computer security has to re-invent itself. New technologies andnew application bring new threats, and force us to invent new protection mechanisms.Cryptography became important when businesses started to build networked computersystems .The main goal of this work is combining the curve security methods withcryptography algorithms in order to increase the capability of cryptography. Theweakness of the cryptographic key generated from normal color image is clear due to thenearest pixel values of image. This led to propose in this paper a new method in order togenerate a cryptographic key depending on generated (2D & 3D) mathematical models(digital image) and clipping the key according to an algorithm and the data of curvegeneration
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28564_d1f07a979522686e8a207e503457079d.pdf
2009-01-01
347
354
10.30684/etj.27.2.12
Applied Cryptography
graphics
Image Generation
Random Number Generator
Hala
B. Abdul Wahab
1
AUTHOR
Suhad
M. Kadhum
2
AUTHOR
Ekhlas
K. Gbashi
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Microstrip Feed Line Patch Antenna
This paper contains design microstrip patch antenna with feed line connector. Theantenna is mainly intended to be used for reception of a signal transmitted from anunmanned aircraft, and can be used in many applications in communication systemssuch as satellite technology and military applications.A microstrip feed line patch antenna is designed for 2.5GHz center frequency havesuccessfully been built. Measurement show that the half power beam width (HPBW) is60o with VSWR lower than 1.5, and return losses equal to -33.6dB at center frequency.Next, the results of microstrip feed line patch antenna is designed by using CAD(Microwave office 2000 version 3.22). Finally, the results obtained from the simulationsare demonstrated.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28565_79508892b7272b7cd8872a0e65684aa7.pdf
2009-01-01
355
361
10.30684/etj.27.2.13
Microstrip feed line patch antenna
half power beam width
voltage standing wave ratio
and return losses
Ahmed
H. Reja
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrolytic Removal of Zinc Using A Flow-Through Cell With Amalgamated Copper Screen Cathode
The aim of this work was to establish an electrolytic method for the removal ofzinc from waste water using a flow-through cell with amalgamated copper screencathode .The performance of the electrolytic reactor were investigated by using differentof electrolyte flow rates (60, 120, 180, 240, 320L/h) and different initial concentration ofzinc solutions(48, 96, 150mg/L).A synthetic solution was processed using boric acid(0.1M) plus potassium chloride (0.1M) as the supporting electrolyte .The electrolytic cellemployed a constant potential of -1.4V vs. SCE in the controlled potential mode.Dimensionless Sherwood and Reynolds numbers were correlated to characterizethe mass transport properties of the reactor, and they where fitted to the equation:Sh = 0.6835Re0.3895 Sc1/ 3 For 1< Re < 6.5, 700 < Sc < 1390
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28566_978d92117918b617b929de06ebca130c.pdf
2009-01-01
362
372
10.30684/etj.27.2.14
Abbas
H. Sulaymon
1
AUTHOR
Mumtaz
A. Zablouk
2
AUTHOR
Anaam
A. Sabri
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pack Cementation Coating For 304 & 316L Stainless Steel Alloys By Using Silicon Zing Process
In this study, we investigated the synthesis of pack cemented coating on two metallicmaterials (304 & 316L) in order to form silicon compounds on their surface at lowertemperatures (800,900 &950˚C) to avoid sintering of the pack and adhesion of material tothe samples surface.In our investigation silicon was used as a master alloy and alumina (Al2O3) as a fillermaterial. Also ammonium chloride was used as an activator with different weightpercentage (5,7 &10%) ,in order to increase the efficiency of the coating layer formationprocess. Silicon zing of two alloys which are 304 & 316L by pack cementation processaccording to light optical microscope examination (LOM), the coating layer formation is atemperature and activator weight percentage dependent process, which means that it is adiffusion controlled reaction. Thus the thickness of sample silicon zed with packcontent 10% activator at 950˚C is higher than the sample silicon zed with pack content 7%and 5% activator and these samples have higher thickness than samples coated at 900˚Cand 800˚C at same conditions. The average coating thickness obtained by silicon zingprocess at 4hr by using different activator weight percentage for two selective alloys are:1- 8.520 – 129.390 am for 304 st.st alloy.2- 75.929 – 192.592 μm for 316L st.st alloy.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28567_6e0cee708ef1458fde1aba429f542f08.pdf
2009-01-01
373
385
10.30684/etj.27.2.15
Saba
Hussein Khadum
1
AUTHOR
Mohammed
S.Waheed
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Exergy Losses Calculation for a 125 MW Combined Power Plant
Theoretical exergy analysis is carried out for different components of acombined power plant which consists of a gas turbine unit, waste heat recoveryboiler without extra fuel consumption and steam turbine unit. The resultspinpoint that more exergy losses occurred in the gas turbine combustionchamber. Its reached 33% of the consumed fuel exergy while the exergy lossesin other plant components are between 1% - 5% of the consumed fuel exergy.This paper also considered the effect of the pressure ratio, maximumtemperature, boiler pressure and ambient temperature on the exergy losses in theplant, there are a clear effects in the exergy losses when changing pressure ratio,maximum temperature and boiler pressure.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28568_1b90d4794296fb9cee5e0037063e50a2.pdf
2009-01-01
386
394
10.30684/etj.27.2.16
Exergy losses
combined power plant
Falah
F. Hatem
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Developing the Discharge Capacity of Al Husa'chi River
Al Husa'chi River is one of the three main branches of Al Ka’hla River in Maissangovernorate. Its length is 25 km. the river directly feeds Al Huwayza Marsh by overpasspipes at its end. It is also used for irrigating the nearby agricultural areas. A study forevaluating the hydraulic performance of the river has been carried out in order to developits ability to accommodate the excess inflow required for feeding the marsh and thesurrounding agricultural projects. All the necessary hydraulic measurements, needed toconstruct rating curves, at stations along the river course were carried out for a period ofsix months. A steady one dimensional hydraulic model has been prepared to simulatethe flow in this river using the HEC-RAS software (Version 3.1.3). The calibration andverification processes of the model have been carried out by making use of the fieldmeasurements. The obtained maximum allowable discharge of this river for the presentconditions is ranged from 20m3/sec to 35m3/sec for the water surface elevation of themarsh from 7.0m to 2.8m amsl, respectively, and the first flood section is located at23.5km downstream of the river inlet. The required cross sections to develop the capacityof the river have been obtained considering the marsh and agricultural requirements
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_28570_2a07c9f6648a01e189bb55bf8bdf9ae1.pdf
2009-01-01
395
404
10.30684/etj.27.2.17
Muhannad
J. Al- Kazwini
1
AUTHOR
Ali
S. Al Saady
2
AUTHOR
Ala
H. Numa
3
AUTHOR