ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thermal Effects on Diesel Engine Piston and Piston Compression Rings
This paper introduces an analytical study on the thermal effects on the diesel engine piston and its compresion rings during the contact between the piston and its compression rings .A three dimensional finite element model is built for the piston and its compression rings using the ANSYS v. 8 Finite Element Analysis Code that serves all engineering problems . The thermal analysis is made using contact case between the piston and its compression rings .The work in this paper did not include a convergence study. The study includes the effects on the piston and piston compression rings of the thermal conductivity of piston material , and the contact area .The conclusions of this study are that the material type of high thermal conductivity is considered better than the material type of low thermal conductivity. This means that the aluminum alloy is considered better than the cast-iron alloy, and tapering the compression rings from the inner side by 1 mm , leads to a reduction in the temperature values by 1.6% , 0.84% and 0.37% compared to rectangle compression rings.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35706_6e599d589f98b16a1ddec43a558dd6aa.pdf
2009-06-01
1444
1454
10.30684/etj.27.8.1
heat transfer
Solid Mechanics
Finite element method
Ahmed
A. Al-Beiruti
1
AUTHOR
Isam
Ezzulddinyousif
2
AUTHOR
Basim
M. Al-Quraishi
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
On Projective 3-Space
The purpose of this work is to give some definitions and prove some theorems onprojective 3-space S=PG(3,K) over a field K.Also, the principle of duality in S is given which state that any theorem true in theprojective 3-space concerned with the points, planes and the incidence relation, the sametheorem is true by interchanging "point" and "plane" whenever they occur, where as thedual of a line is a line.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35707_476f7f2547e56e07a4bb828d5f448fef.pdf
2009-06-01
1455
1459
10.30684/etj.27.8.2
point
plane
Duality
Mohammed
S.Kirdar
1
AUTHOR
Amal
S.Al-Mukhtar
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Finite Element of Cutting Force in Turning Processes with Differently Coated Tools
The aim of this study is to create a FEM simulation model in order to obtain Numericalsolutions of cutting forces, for a range of coated tool materials and defined cuttingconditions. Commercial implicit finite element code MSC.Marc has been used insimulations of orthogonal cutting processes performed by means of multi-coated tools. Thelatter were equipped with progressively increasing number of thin layers including TiC, TiNand Al2O3 films deposited onto ISO P20 carbide substrates. Results showing the tool–chipinterfacial friction influencing the force distribution fields, as the consequence of usingcoated tools. The various force simulation results obtained were compared with themeasurements of cutting force and discussed in terms of literature data.This paper also reports the procedure and specific modeling techniques for simulatingthe orthogonal metal cutting process using a general-purpose finite element computer code.The finding of this paper provides useful insights for understanding and for improving theorthogonal metal cutting process. The predicted value of Fc is in good agrement with theexperimentally measured with an error of 8%
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35708_d5250379b6045e1107190dff5350117e.pdf
2009-06-01
1460
1473
10.30684/etj.27.8.3
Aseel
hamad
1
AUTHOR
Zena
jumaa
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Environmental Study for the Oil Pollutants Treatment of Wadi Al Naft Water/Kirkuk
Wadi Al Naft is a narrow valley originates from the confluence of two tributarieswithin the industrial region of (BaBa GurGur). The valley is being used to discharge theoily wastewater from the North Oil Company (NOC) premises in addition to the naturaloil seepages within the industrial region. The oily wastewater is a polluting source to theagricultural lands at Hawija district and further lands. The study included (111) samplesof oily wastewater from (13) sampling stations (9 on the first tributary and 3 on thesecond tributary) along the course of Wadi Al Naft and its tributaries. The samplingprocedure was performed for a continuous period of seven months (Jan.2007-May2007),in addition at selective seasonal periods during April and July. It was found that the oilconcentration plays a major role in polluting the wastewater discharged to the channel;which was (44%) above the permissible standard.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35709_47cd7c85e7fe6f23264b1b36c076ee5d.pdf
2009-06-01
1474
1484
10.30684/etj.27.8.4
Wadi Al Naft
BaBa GurGur
natural seepages
oily wastewater
Muhannad
J. Al-Kazwini
1
AUTHOR
Faris
H. Al-Ani
2
AUTHOR
Maysoun
A. Al-Najar
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams with a Small Amount of Web Reinforcement under Shear
This research work presents a nonlinear finite element investigation on thebehavior of reinforced concrete beams with a small amount of web reinforcement undershear. This investigation is carried out in order to get a better understanding of theirbehavior throughout the entire loading history.The three- dimensional 20-node brick elements are used to model the concrete, whilethe reinforcing bars are modeled as axial members embedded within the concrete brickelements. The compressive behavior of concrete is simulated by an elastic-plasticwork-hardening model followed by a perfectly plastic response, which terminated atthe onset of crushing. In tension, a fixed smeared crack model has been used.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35710_8d1c7f9207059b115074a5ed86ed67f0.pdf
2009-06-01
1485
1496
10.30684/etj.27.8.5
Finite element method
Small amount web reinforcement
shear
Thaer
Jasim Mohammed
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Routing Optimization of Mobile Network System
To send the packets from source to destination node on optimum route in mobile network,the router must find the path with minimum cost. If intermediate node has fialed, the routingtable will be updated and the path should be changed depending on this failure.In traditional protocols, the packet is sent on the path with minimum number of hops andthis path is not always optimum, therefore the router selects the path depending oncomputing cost for each link and send the packets on path with minimum consumptionenergy, maximum capacity or minimum delay. If there is failure node in the path or no,computing the optimum path in minimum cost is more suitable and efficient than the pathwith minimum number of hops. Dijkastra's algorithm is used to find optimum path anddepending on this algorithm, routing table will be built.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35711_639ebcc6250d5448440f0d1c351768e6.pdf
2009-06-01
1497
1507
10.30684/etj.27.8.6
Routing optimization
Failure node
cost
energy consumption
Capacity of the link
Average delay
Thamir
Rashed
1
AUTHOR
Emad
Shehab
2
AUTHOR
Dalia
Kamal
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bandwidth Efficiency Enhancement for OFDM System Using Hybrid Equalization Techniques
The Cyclic prefixed OFDM systems are very robust to multipath, provided that the delay spread of the transmission channel is less than the length of the CP inserted between transmitted symbols. Moreover, appending CP to each OFDM symbol decreases the bandwidth efficiency of the OFDM system, since the CP does not carry useful information.To maintain bandwidth efficiency, a time-domain equalizer (TEQ) and frequency-domain equalizer (FEQ) is used in the OFDM system to mitigate ISI and ICI when the CIR interval is larger than the CP interval. However, the performances of these two equalizers aredegraded under severe channel condition. So a proposed hybrid equalizer structure is suggested in this paper. The hybrid equalizer gives about 10dB, 5dB and 3dB advantages at 10-4 BER compared with OT-FEQ, TEQ and PTEQ respectively. This comparison at fd=50Hz with sufficient length of CP. Also, for this case but with an insufficient length ofCP, the hybrid equalizer gives about 8dB and 7dB advantage compared with both TEQ and PTEQ respectively. Moreover, at fd=100Hz with sufficient CP length, the hybrid equalizer gives about 6dB, 3.5dB and 3dB advantage at 10-4 BER compared with OT-FEQ, TEQ andPTEQ respectively. Also, for this case but with an insufficient length of CP, the hybrid equalizer gives about 6dB and 4dB advantage compared with both TEQ and PTEQ respectively.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35712_94a560cffe302b9a6524d4f78bea9780.pdf
2009-06-01
1508
1518
10.30684/etj.27.8.7
TEQ
FEQ
OFDM system
Thamer
M. Jamel
1
AUTHOR
Ali
N. Abdulla
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis and Simulation of All-Optical Router for TDM-Based Optical Networks Using: NOLM
The work in this paper addresses all-optical routers for TDM optical networks. The core ofthe optical routers is the demultiplexer. In this paper all-optical router is analyzed andsimulated. It is based on a TDM demultiplexer employing Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror(NOLM). Expressions are derived for the transmission and reflection coefficients for the loopmirror employed in the demultiplexer. The effect of various system impairments, on theperformance of the demultiplexer, such normal mode loss, control power, and losses, areaddressed in details. Simulation results were carried out using MATLAB 6.5 software. Theresults indicate clearly that the demultiplexer should be designed precisely to achieve therequired router performance.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35713_eaac2c800bc5bfd03b7a40cfa276fad0.pdf
2009-06-01
1519
1531
10.30684/etj.27.8.8
Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror
Time Division Multiplexing
Nonreciprocity
Raad
Fyath
1
AUTHOR
Hassanain
M. Hassan
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Deaeration on the Corrosion of Pure Aluminum and Its Three alloys in NaOH solution at pH=11
In this work, the corrosion behaviour of pure Al and its three alloys (Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Mg, and Al-Zn-Mg) was studied in aerated and deaerated 1x10-3 mol.dm-3 NaOHsolutions to show the role of dissolved oxygen gas and its reduction at cathode. Also theaim of this study was to obtain the corrosion parameters such as the corrosion potential(Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes (b), andpolarization resistance (Rp) besides the thermodynamic and kinetic functions were alsocalculated (ÄG, ÄS, and ÄH) and (Ea and log A) to comparison these values in thepresence and absence of the oxygen.From the general results for this study can be seen that the polarization resistances forpure Al and its alloys were higher in deaerated solutions and the values of (ÄG) wereless spontaneous in deaerated solution, also the activation energy (energy barrier) washigher in deaerated solution.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35714_5be7f5f30ae34a164131e33e67621ecd.pdf
2009-06-01
1532
1543
10.30684/etj.27.8.9
Corrosion of Aluminium and its alloy
Effect of deaeration on corrosion
Thermodynamic and Kinetic function of corrosion
Naema
A. Hikmat
1
AUTHOR
Ahlam
M. Farhan
2
AUTHOR
Rana
A. Majed
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on the Extraction of Some Metals from Ammonia Solution of Indian Sea Nodules by Using D2EHPA Reagent
The leaching characteristics of sea nodules of Indian Ocean were investigated by leaching of Cu, Ni, Co, and Zn using 0.5 M of the solvent D2EHPA in ammonia solution, and 10% Isodecanol in Kerosene. It was found that Zn recovery almost remained steady after the first contact, i.e (0.017 g/L) while the recovery of Cu, Ni and Co increased even after third contact and reached its maximum value i.e (0.82 Cu , 0.90 Ni , 0.296 Co ). Also the result had revealed that the best time of mixing aqueous solution of metals ions to be recovered was found to be 2min, while the recovery of metals ions decreases as the organic to aqueous ratio was increased from 1:1 to 4:1.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35717_b5394e6cede3d18f1cb521622d28f859.pdf
2009-06-01
1544
1553
10.30684/etj.27.8.10
Sea nodules
extraction of metals
EHPA reagent
Saad
M. Elia
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sensitivity and Lower Limit Detection Determined of XRF for Copper and Zinc Suspended in lubricated Grease
In this work different weight percent of copper and zinc powders of 20 ìm particlesize were blended carefully with grease , and the final weight of samples are 2 g . Thesamples were placed in containers were made from tephlon of 2.5 cm as a diameter . Thebottom window of container was fitted with 6 ìm mylar film . The samples weresubjected to X- ray fluorescence to measure the Cu Ká and Zn Ká lines intensities .Sensitivity (m) and Lower Limit Detection (LLD) were calculated and plotted againstthe weight fraction for all samples .
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36151_8248498e3634d5f1c4c67a37f78278a6.pdf
2009-06-01
1554
1558
10.30684/etj.27.8.11
XRF
Sensitivity
Lower Limit Detection
Suspended particles
Abdulhadi
K. Judran AL-Ogaili
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design & Simulation of PLC Control and Electro-Hydraulic System for a Punching Machine
Automatic control has become an important and integral part of modernmanufacturing and industrial processes .Automatic control provide means for attainingoptimal performance of dynamic systems, improve the quality and lower the cost ofproduction, expand the production rate, relive the drudgery of many routine, repetitivemanual operations, etc.. In this paper it has been designed a control system whichcontrolled the operation of punch machine .As shown in Fig. (1) this system consists of:(1) the programmable logic controller (PLC) which is used to control time and regulatethe sequence. (2) The Hydraulic system receives and implements the logical commandsof PLC. (3) Electrical interfacing circuits which are very important to compromise in thestages of system. In order to avoid mistakes of direct design and implementation in theindustrial and production processes and what follows from high material cost, thereforeAutomation Studio Software has been used to design the hydraulic system according tothe required giving's by using Simulation software before the machine is fabricated, alsoit is distinguished in the simplicity of using ,have a very good specification in design andthe ability of exposing the parts of the system in one screen and show the connectionbetween them ,this led to have expected programmable results.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36159_8fe6d7ddee2624d45c33542f7fa66faa.pdf
2009-06-01
1559
1571
10.30684/etj.27.8.12
PLC applications
Automation Studio
Automatic control systems
Fluid Power syste m
Majid
A. Oleiwi
1
AUTHOR
Abdul
Muhsin M. Al-Timimi
2
AUTHOR
Ammar
Abdulhussein
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spam Filtering at the Client E-mail Level
Spam has now become a significant security issue and a massive drain on financialresources. In this paper, a method for filtering the spam at the client level is presented.The proposed filter combines more than one filtering mechanism that would make thefilter more efficient, faster and low false positive. The main mechanism implemented isthe Bayesian filter combined with a blacklist and whitelist. The header of the incominge-mail will be tested against the whitelist to determine whether the e-mail is legitimate ornot. Also it will be tested against the blacklist to determine whether the e-mail is spam ornot. In case of no matched results the e-mail will be checked by the Bayesian filter. Theresults of this check will be then used to update the whitelist and blacklist
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36163_b9d44c086de25d8fba6525b9ebcf0dfb.pdf
2009-06-01
1572
1581
10.30684/etj.27.8.13
Spam
Spam filter
Bayesian filter
Whitelist
Blacklist
Imad
AL-Hussaini
1
AUTHOR
Mumtaz
AL-Mukhtar
2
AUTHOR
Mohammed
M. Mazin
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dynamic Analysis of Al-Adhaim Zoned Earthdam
Among external forces, the dam is subjected to earthquakes which are naturally orartificially occurring and resulting in time-varying deflections, excess pore water pressureand liquefaction at some zones in the dam.In this paper, coupled dynamic analysis has been carried out on zoned earthdamsubjected to earthquake excitation in which displacements and pore water pressures arecalculated. The finite element method is used and the computer program QUAKE/W isadopted for this task.Al-Adhaim dam which is an earthdam located near the place of intersection of Tuz Jayand the river Al-Adhaim is used as a case study. A parametric study was carried out toinvestigate the effect of the maximum earthquake horizontal acceleration on the generalresponse of the dam.It was found that as the maximum horizontal acceleration of the input motion increases,both horizontal and vertical displacement increase. In all cases, the effect of the input groundacceleration diminishes at time (60 sec.) from the time of earthquake shock. When themaximum horizontal acceleration of the input motion increases from (0.05g) to (0.2g), thehorizontal acceleration predicted at a node located at the core base increases by about(200 %) while the maximum effective stress increases by about (32 %).
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36351_ab05120f3da50bd81b924340357fe623.pdf
2009-06-01
1582
1610
10.30684/etj.27.8.14
Earth dams
Finite elements
dynamic
Zoned
Mohammed
Y. Fattah
1
AUTHOR
Maha
H. Nsaif
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Buckling Analysis of Composite Laminated Plate with Cutouts
The determination of critical buckling load of composite plate is animportant factor in determining the structural stability, which was done by ANSYSprogram and experimental investigation was carried out on many specimens ofcomposite material of E-glass fiber reinforced polyester plastic materials withdifferent no. of layers. Five cases are studied to show the effect of cutout’sparameter on the structural stability in which the shape ( circle, square, rectangle),size (20, 30, 50 ) mm, rounding corner (5, 7.5, 10)mm and orientation of cutouts(0°,30°,45°,60°) are presented . Also the effect of plate thickness (no. of layer) isstudied .In general , the results of the square clamped laminated plates with circlecutout come out in a good agreement. Which is decrease of buckling load of theplates with change the shape from circle, square and rectangle and in case of cutoutsize. The critical load is still constant with the radii rounding corner and increasedwith increasing the cutout orientation and the thickness of the plate. The effect ofcutout will determine the increase or decrease of the buckling
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36353_712065f181946737688380dd6ec336c0.pdf
2009-06-01
1611
1621
10.30684/etj.27.8.15
Composite Materials
Buckling Analysis
Finite element method
ansys program
Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Analysis
Hani
Aziz Ameen
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design of a Neural Networks Linearization for Temperature Measurement System Based on Different Thermocouples Sensors Types
This paper describes an experimental method for the estimation of nonlinearity,calibration and testing of the different types of thermocouples (J and K) using modifiedElman recurrent neural networks model based Back-Propagation Algorithms (BPA)learning. Thermocouples sensors are nonlinear in behavior nature but require an outputthat is linear. The linear behavior approximation is accepted, for a given accuracy level,noise and measurement errors are always present. Therefore, neural networks techniquesare frequently required to minimize these effects. The problem of estimating the sensor’sinput–output characteristics is being increasingly tackled using software techniques suchas Turbo C++ language. A neural networks and a data acquisition parallel port interfaceboard with designed signal conditioning unit are used for data optimization and to collectexperimental data, respectively. After the successful training completion of the neuralnetworks, it is then used as a neural linearizer to calculate the temperature from thethermocouple’s output voltage
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36354_d8775253f7593e69035b58296c400f18.pdf
2009-06-01
1622
1639
10.30684/etj.27.8.16
neural networks
Temperature Measurement System
Thermocouples Sensors
Ahmed
Sabah Abdul Ameer Al-Araji
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect Of Mixing Speed And Solution Temperature On Cathodic Protection Current Density Of Carbon Steel Using Magnesium As Sacrificial Anode
In present work, The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in sodium chloride (NaCl)solution with different concentrations was studied .Effects of mixing speed (0 to 2220) r.p.mand the solution temperature (25, 35, 45, 55, 65)0c on cathodic protection current density werestudied, that would provide a full cathodic protection for tube metal specimen of carbon steelimmersed in 3.5% NaCl solution by sacrificial anode method using magnesium (Mg) assacrificial anode.The results show that the concentration of sodium chloride in the electrolyte is animportant factor in determining corrosion rate, 3.5 % concentration of sodium chloride givesmaximum rate of corrosion. In addition, it has been found that the cathodic protection currentdensity showed sharp increasing with mixing speed. The results have showed also that thecathodic protection current density increased with increasing the solution temperature andshifts the protection potential to high negative value.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36357_def5ae1054bf174cafc1972f69b8074f.pdf
2009-06-01
1640
1653
10.30684/etj.27.8.17
carbon steel
protection current density
sacrificial anode
corrosion rate
magnesium anode
K.
T. Rashid
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Interference Drag Between Cylindrical Particles in Stokes Flow
In this study, the interference effects when two cylinders are placed in series or parallel in a low Reynolds number flow are predicted. For two cylinders with their line of centers perpendicular to the flow, the drag force is lower than an isolated cylinder at small gaps but is greater at large gaps; a maximum is found at a gap of approximately of 7 cylinder diameters. For cylinders with their line of centers parallel to the flow, the drag on the trailing body is less than the leading body, which in turn is less than the drag on an isolated cylinder
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36361_b191f91846eee77bdcd9aab45c8774e5.pdf
2009-06-01
1654
1658
10.30684/etj.27.8.18
drag force
two cylinders
Stokes flow
Abbas
H. Sulaymon
1
AUTHOR
Sawsan
A. M. Mohammed
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of New Additives (Lanolin) on The Electro-Deposition of Copper Powder
New organic compound (Lanolin) is added to the electrolyte of copper powderdeposition unit. The influences of the copper concentration, current density, and specificsurface on the apparent density of the produced powder had been studied. Also the meangrain size of powder, mass of deposited powder are been calculated. The bestconcentration of lanolin is 0.7% at which grain size deposits are smooth and fine (about 93% less than 53 micron) and had high purity of 99.9%.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36363_d6a2753d3064166343dc44f10732aa24.pdf
2009-06-01
1659
1672
https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.27.8.19
Lanolin
copper powder
electro
deposition
electrolysis
current efficiency
Apparent density
Sami
I. Jafar
1
AUTHOR