University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Study the Effect of Welding on Tensile and Hardness Properties for Carbon- Steel by Using Arc Welding &Tig Welding
1171
1183
EN
10.30684/etj.28.23.17
Welding is one of important industrial processes, Therefore many techniques are development to get an efficient and low cost welding for different kind of materials. This research is compared between two technique procedures of welding , (Arc welding ) & (Tig welding )for a specimen from low carbon steel, The mechanical tests like tensile and hardness are measured and taking a microstructure pictures ,We found that for the max strength in (Arc welding) is greater than unwelded specimen by (22.5%) , and for (Tig welding) it is smaller<br />by (7.5%),The high value of hardness in (Arc welding) is (200 HV) and high value in (Tig welding) is (255 HV) .
Study the Effect of Welding on Tensile and Hardness Properties for Carbon,Steel by Using Arc Welding
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41735.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41735_daf2aaa1c58353b060d64751f53e0a8f.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Microstructure and Wear Rate of Yttria Reinforced Aluminum – Silicon Matrix Composites
1184
1195
EN
10.30684/etj.28.23.18
In this research, composite materials of hypereutectic aluminum – silicon as a matrix reinforced with different volume fractions (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) of Yttria particles with grain size between (50 - 75 μm) are prepared. The composites are prepared by vortex technique in which the particles were added to the melt then mixing it by mechanical stirrer then the mixture is poured in a metallic cylindrical molds. After that, the microstructure, Vickers hardness and wear rate were conducted. The results showed the existence of the reinforcement particles in<br />different amounts in the microstructure and an increase in the hardness for the prepared composites when compared with the unreinforced alloy. The results also showed a better particles distribution and higher hardness with increasing yttria volume fraction. The wear rate of the composites is reduced when compared with the unreinforced alloy due to the hardness increase. More reduction in wear rate was noticed with increasing the Yttria volume fraction, and the better added percent was (8%Y2O3).
Microstructure,Wear Rate,yttria,Si composites
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41737.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41737_832df43de7c47db224b07ed6c065d79c.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Study of the Factors Affecting the Properties of the Tin Powder Produced by the Method of Centrifugal Atomization
1196
1210
EN
10.30684/etj.28.23.19
The research includes a study for the variables of the process of centrifugal<br />atomization for the purpose of producing pure tin metal powder and the effect of<br />these variables in the properties of the resulting powder. These variables are:<br />1. The speed of rotation in the rotating part.<br />2. The medium of cooling.<br />3. The temperature of medium of cooling.<br />The affect of these above variables were observed on the size and the shape of<br />particles resulting and the particle distribution, the apparent density, tap density and<br />the angle of repose.<br />Upon the use of three different speeds (2000, 6000, 10000) (rpm) on the each at a<br />time for the rotating of the hollow bowl and the use of water at the room temperature.<br />It was noticed that when increasing of revolution speed, there is no change in the<br />shapes of particles i.e. the wide extent of shapes remain irregular, acicular and<br />semispherical, and that the weight percentage of the small particles increases. Also,<br />the value of the apparent density and the tap density increases while the angle of<br />repose decreases.<br />It was also observed that at the use of air and water separately at the room<br />temperature as cooling media and disintegration the fused droplets of tin metal out of<br />the hollow bowl at rotation speed of (10000) rpm. Moreover, we can notice that the<br />weight percentage of the small particles increases as well as the value of the apparent<br />density and tap density, while the value of the repose angle decreases , and the<br />absence of any change in the shape of the particles when using water as a medium of<br />cooling , compare with air . A great range of irregular, acicular and semispherical<br />shapes are also obtained.<br />Water of different temperatures<br />({40-50}, {60-70}, {80-90})◦ C were was used as a cooling medium and for the<br />disintegrating of the droplets of the tin metal from the hollow bowl at rotation speed<br />of (10000) rpm, and the formation of powder of different sizes and shapes. Also, the<br />tendency of the particles towards regularity of shape and the spherical shape clearly<br />with the decrease of the weight percentage of the small particles , and the value of<br />apparent density and the tap density increase and the value of the angle of repose<br />decreases at the increase of the temperature of water cooling medium.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41738.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41738_3ec7505d073481cd3db8558372ab45fd.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Effect of Initial Pressure upon Laminar Burning Velocity of Propane -Air Mixture
1211
1220
EN
10.30684/etj.28.23.20
The effect of the initial pressure upon the laminar flame speed, for a<br />Propane-air mixture, has been detected practically, for a wide range of<br />equivalence ratio. Measurement system is designed in order to measure the laminar flame speed using a constant volume method with thermocouples technique. The laminar burning velocity is measured, by using the density ratio method. The comparison of the present work results with a previous ones show good agreement between them, which indicates that the measurements and the calculations employed in the present work are successful and precise.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41740.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41740_fd0dcbecb24de948ace20ff7138a37ea.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Optimal Size and Location of Distributed Generators using Intelligent Techniques
6623
6633
EN
Rashid
H. Al-Rubayi
AzharM.
Alrawi
10.30684/etj.28.23.1
One of the modern and important techniques in electrical distribution<br />systems is to solve the networks problem of service availability, high loss and low voltage stability by accommodating small scaled de-centralized generating units in these networks, which is known as distributed generation (DG). The Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique is dedicated in this work to find the optimal DG locations, and then optimally allocate units in order to maximize the penetration<br />level, minimize loss, and improve voltage stability
Distributed generation,Distribution Systems Optimization,genetic algorithm
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41697.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41697_81fcc25643a77c6abf66edca46379bbf.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Hydroforming of High Purity Copper Sheet To Produce Different Shapes
6634
6641
EN
Adnan
IbrahimMohammed
Mahdi
Muter Hanoon
Abbas
Abudallah Ahmed
10.30684/etj.28.23.2
The present research is focused on experimental results and theoretical<br />analysis of sheet hydronning of high purity copper with circular and square shapes under the biaxial stresses. It has been found that the displacement in the circular shape specimens is more than of the square shape specimens at the same area of deformation. However, at the same time. The plastic deformation equivalent at the specimens for the circular shape is more than of the square shape specimens at the same strain equivalent. The thinning of the sheets at the pole for the circular shape specimens is less than that of the square shape<br />specimens. This will lead to improve the performance of the circular shape product.
Hydroforming,Copper sheet,biaxial stresses,circular shape,square shape
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41698.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41698_ee952563e5eea077a4263349dfce9ed3.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Spectral Characteristics of Cholesterol in Blood by Using Simple Semiconductor Laser
6642
6648
EN
Abdul
Rahman Rashid Mohammed
10.30684/etj.28.23.3
In the present work, the possibility of using laser to analyze and find the concentration of total cholesterol (TC) in serum. Semiconductor laser diode of 5mW maximum power, 532nm wavelength and 4nm bandwidth is used to accomplish assay measurements. The spectral plot showed that the maximum absorbance of cholesterol is at the range (470-540nm) and the peak of spectral absorbance centers at 500nm.The laser system measurements include the study of absorbance as a function of both laser power and sample thickness, as well as the transmittance as a function of Laser power. To ascertain our calculations, the results have been compared with the results of spectrophotometer. The RSD values between them are about (1.7-9.8).
Total Cholesterol,Spectrophotometer,color metric method
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41703.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41703_9bfe26d32abe84136df03dd9143fd91c.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Reducing Settlement of Soft Soils Using Local Materials
6649
6661
EN
Mohammed
A. Mahmoud Al-Neami
10.30684/etj.28.23.4
The present work investigates the settlement behaviour of weak soils which cover the middle and southern part of Iraq. Physical and chemical properties were studied for weak soil brought up from Baladroz city, Dyalah Governorate. To decrease the excessive settlement of soft soil under study, reed materials which are widespread at Iraq marshes and geogrid materials were selected as reinforcement materials. For this purpose, steel container with dimensions (500 ×250 ×20 mm)<br />and square footing (80 × 80 mm) were used.To prepare the soil with same<br />properties of soft soils, the quantity of water was calculated using the liquidity index formula with LI equal to (0.42) corresponding to undrained shear strength of (10 kPa). This value of liquidity index was chosen according to the previous studies which showed that the liquidity index of such soil is ranging between (0.2 – 0.5).<br />The results of soil model under the applied stress (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kPa) marked that the maximum settlement reduction (S/B) is get when the reed mat or geogrid mat is used directly under the footing and this value decreases with increase of the distance between the surface layer and position of the reinforcement. Also, the settlement improvement (St/Sunt) can be clearly seemed for all cases of improvement compared with settlement of untreated soil It is worth noting, that to achieve the durability of the reed in the soil, asphalt coating must be used to prevent the reed decay.
soft soil,reed,Geogrid,Settlement,reinforced soil
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41707.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41707_7d8feee96b63969a0e11c5b5b2e27d75.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Image Watermarking Using DWT_DCT
6662
6675
EN
Bassim
Abdulbaki Jumaa
Arwa
Aladdin
10.30684/etj.28.23.5
Digital watermarking has been developed to protect digital images from<br />illegal manipulation. Discrete wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) are techniques used for digital watermarking. A combination of DWT and DCT techniques are used in this paper to meet imperceptibility, robustness and security requirements. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Correct Ratio (BCR) measurements are used to study the effect of parameters: gain factor, threshold value, sub band, and image size on the watermark image. Many images are used to<br />embed the watermark image and the effects of parameters on the extracted<br />watermark image are studied. Then the optimal parameter values has been<br />specified.
Digital watermarking,DWT,DCT
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41709.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41709_f9b9f7600192fee5bb601e032dc724f4.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Evaluating Probabilities of Technical And Commercial Success And Using Them In Screening New Product Ideas
6676
6687
EN
Abdulamir
Bektash Wali
10.30684/etj.28.23.6
The screening of new product ideas is perhaps the most critical activity in innovation process and development of new products, the process is associated with uncertainty and complexity.<br />Probabilities of technical & commercial success which represents uncertainty associated with R & D projects are used in evaluating project index models and some expected benefit/cost ratios. These probabilities were usually subjective expectations<br />of R & D teams. This paper based on a hypothesis that the success of new products in the market is due to the acceptablevalues of probabilities of technical & commercial success in screening stage.<br />The purpose of this paper is concerned with introducing a modified method for evaluating probabilities of technical & commercial success of new product ideas, using average weighted scoring method instead of inaccurate subjective expectations, after developing a set of suitable criteria for evaluation of each probability as an effort<br />for getting unique estimations of probabilities of success, then using them in screening of new product ideas, and also can be used in project index models and other expected benefit/cost ratios. The utility of the approach in screening of new product ideas in an industrial organization was illustrated in a hypothetical example.
Technical success,commercial success,project values,suitability score,compatibility score
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41711.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41711_2cf633d9e570dc44921229d98dd35e47.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Effect of Addition Of Copper and Copper –Nickel Elements on Structure and Properties of Low Carbon Steels
6688
6702
EN
Munthir
Mohammed Radhy
10.30684/etj.28.23.7
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of adding different amounts<br />(2, 4, 6% of Cu) on properties and microstructure of low carbon steel .Also study<br />the effect of the same amounts of Cu with half amount of Ni(1,2,3%Ni) are added<br />on properties of low carbon steels. All these alloys(Fe-Cu,Fe-Cu-Ni) appear an<br />increase of hardness and strength with increase of the amount of Cu or Cu-Ni. The<br />microstructure obtained after heat treated(quenched and aging) of Fe-Cu and Fe-<br />Cu-Ni alloys has been studied by optical microscopy, investigated by X-ray<br />diffraction and hardness measurement. The microstructures obtained after<br />quenching depending on composition and cooling rate, the massive ferrite and<br />massive martensite appears on most of structures in above alloys. The<br />microstructure after aging of above alloys shown some of precipitates appear as<br />dash plates, rod and spheres in ferrite or martensite structure and this precipitates<br />appear as X-ray diffraction were identified the copper rich phase €.
Cu alloys,Ni alloys,Heat treatment,Mechanical properties,Massive Ferrite,Massive Martensite
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41713.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41713_975f1133093f87242ce5d8274e44d129.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Role of Testosteronthiosemicarbazone as an Antibacterial Agent
6703
6708
EN
Abbas
A. Al-Janabi
Suhad
A. Ahmed
Huda
A. Hussein
10.30684/etj.28.23.8
A ligand of testosteronthiosemicarbazone was prepared, the chemical<br />characteristics of this ligand are: yellow powder, soluble in alcohol and its melting point is 100 – 102 °C. The sensitivity of some species of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus feacalis to different concentrations of prepared<br />testosteronthiosemicarbazone (0.05 g/ml, 0.1 g/ml, 0.25 g/ml, 0.5 g/ml, and 1 g/ml) was tested to find out the role of testosteronthiosemicarbazone as an antibacterial agent.<br />The experimental results of bacterial sensitivity to different concentrations of testosteronthiosemicarbazone, showed a significant sensitivity of all tested bacteria to this ligand at concentration starting from 0.5 g/ml, to 1 g/ml except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus feacalis which they exhibited their significant sensitivity to the ligand at concentration starting from 0.25 g/ml, and 1 g/ml respectively.
testosteronthiosemicarbazone,ligand,chelating agent,antibacterial agent
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41723.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41723_43130c7b6d84fb7abc50d46a5d412bb0.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Effect of Diffusion Bonding on Fatigue Strength of Aluminum Alloy AA 7020-O
6709
6717
EN
Adnan
N. Abood
Moneer
H. Tolephih
Esam
J. Ebraheam
10.30684/etj.28.23.9
The aim of this research is to study the fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy<br />AA7020-O joining by diffusion welding with simple self pressurizing fixture in<br />muffle furnace. This alloy was bonded by using different variables; pressure,<br />temperature and time. The maximum shear strength of diffusion bonded was 76<br />MPa at pressure 15 MPa, 500 ºC and 20 min. The moderate shear strength was due<br />to the presence of small amount of Mg (1%) which acts as deoxidizer element and<br />allows the atoms to cross the interface. New intermetallic compounds;<br />All3Mg3Zn3, Al18Mg3Cr2 were formed during diffusion and Al3Zr was<br />disappeared. Diffusivity (D), average depth of diffusion and activation energy (Q)<br />was calculated from the depletion area and they were 3.1 × 10 -9 cm2 / sec, 19.3μm<br />and 2062 KJ/Kg respectively. From the S/N curve of fatigue test, the life of the<br />bonded specimens were less about 60 to 70% comparing with unbounded<br />specimens. The fatigue strength for AA7020-O is equal to 77 MPa at 107 cycles,<br />while the fatigue strength reduces to 29 MPa at 107 cycles for diffusion specimens.<br />So, diffusion interface can be considered asa notch and the crack initiation stage<br />has been achieved and the failure of the diffusion specimens started from the<br />propagation stage.
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41724.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41724_66f547ee240bc8d887e4fa308e4aad31.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Limitation of Laser Satellite Communication Due To Vibrations and Atmospheric Turbulences
6718
6731
EN
Tarq
A.Mohhmad
10.30684/etj.28.23.10
In this research, we analyze the effects of vibrations and the atmospheric on<br />turbulence for a broadband laser satellite down link (BLSDL). The use of optical<br />radiation as a carrier between satellites and in satellite-to-ground links enables<br />transmission using very narrow beam divergence angles. Due to the narrow beam<br />divergence angle and the large distance between the satellite and the ground<br />station or any object the pointing is a complicated process. Further complication<br />results from vibration of the pointing system caused by fundamental mezchanisms<br />: tracking noise created by the electro-optic tracker and vibrations caused by<br />internal satellite mechanical mechanisms. Additionally an in homogeneity in the<br />temperature and pressure of the atmosphere leads to variations of the refractive<br />index along the transmission path. These variations of refractive index as well as<br />introducing other external noise, pointing vibrations, can cause fluctuations in the<br />intensity and the phase of the received signal leading to an increase in link error<br />probability. In this research, we develop a bit error probability (BEP) model that<br />takes into account both pointing vibrations and turbulence-induced high amplitude<br />fluctuations (i.e., signal intensity fading) in a regime in which the receiver<br />aperture antenna (Do) is smaller than the turbulence coherence diameter (do), the<br />results indicate that the satellite broad band laser down link with the receiver can<br />achieve a BEP of 10-9 and data rate of lGbps with normalized pointing vibration of<br />and turbulence with<br />After reducing these limitation of laser satellites and compensates<br />relatively most atmospheric error probabilities due to atmospheric turbaulences<br />(BEPS) or variation of refractive index by using for ward feeding under fine<br />tracking which designed to decrease the residual jitter influencies or by using<br />directional laser beam or introducing feeding forward compensation method and<br />adaptive techniques to reduce the effect of system vibrations [12].
Satellite Communication,optical communication,Wireless communication,atmospheric turbulence,pointing jitter
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41725.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41725_f075571ffa12c16c129fd93d2f6c3ac5.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
The Effect of Solid on the Homogenous- Heterogeneous Transition Region in Baffled and Unbaffled Bubble Column with Non-Newtonian Liquid
6732
6749
EN
Asawer
A. Alwasiti
Farah
T. Alsudany
Shrooq
T. Alhemeri
10.30684/etj.28.23.11
This research shows a comprehensive study on the effect of solid loading<br />and non-Newtonian liquid on the hydrodynamic parameter of gas holdup as well<br />as the critical values of gas holdup and gas velocity of transition zone from<br />homogenous to heterogeneous region in both baffled and unbaffled babble<br />column.<br />The experiments were carried out using column of 15cm inside diameter and 2m<br />height with aspect ratio (L/D=4.5) using perforated plate gas sparger 54 holes with<br />size equal to 1mm diameter and with free area of holes to cross sectional area of<br />column 0.24.<br />The three phase system consists of air-non Newtonian liquid of polyacrilamined<br />(PAA) –solid of alumina particles. The measured values of gas holdup and<br />transition points of gas holdup and gas velocity were compared with different<br />values of PAA concentration (0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1)wt% and four values of solid<br />loading (0, 3, 5 and 11)wt% in baffled and unbaffled column.<br />The results show that the transition values of gas holdup and gas velocity<br />decreased with increasing of PAA concentration under constant values of<br />Newtonian liquid while they dis approved with non-Newtonian liquid.<br />The solid loading shows an unstable influence of decreasing and increasing of the<br />critical values in all PAA concentration and in both baffled and unbaffled column.<br />First, these values decreased when solid loading in the range (0-3)wt% then they<br />increased with increasing of solid loading from 3wt% to 11wt%.
Three phase,non,Newtonian liquid,baffles,homogenous and heterogeneous region
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41728.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41728_609c7442b520c7135a3db0aa8869492f.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Design and Implementation of A Fpga Based Software Defined Radio Using Simulink HDL Coder
6750
6768
EN
Hikmat
N. Abdullah
Hussein
A. Hadi
10.30684/etj.28.23.12
This paper presents the design procedure and implementation results of a<br />proposed software defined radio (SDR) using Altera Cyclone II family board. The<br />implementation uses Matlab/SimulinkTM, Embedded MatlabTM blocks, and Cyclone II<br />development and educational board. The design is first implemented in<br />Matlab/SimulinkTM environment. It is then converted to VHDL level using Simulink<br />HDL coder. The design is synthesized and fitted with Quartus II 9.0 Web Edition®<br />software, and downloaded to Altera Cyclone II board. The results show that it is easy<br />to develop and understand the implementation of SDR using programmable logic<br />tools. The paper also presents an efficient design flow of the procedure followed to<br />obtain VHDL netlists that can be downloaded to FPGA boards
FPGA,Embedded Matlab,software defined radio
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41729.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41729_121d1dd08e547ca56cb70f77b289c725.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Effect of the Composite Material of the Car's Bumper on its Fundamental Natural Frequency and Response As A Result of Car Vibration
6768
6784
EN
Ruaa
Yaseen Hammoudi
10.30684/etj.28.23.13
Effect of vibration on the car's bumper was studied in this paper.<br />Composite materials are used in manufacturing the car's bumper. The methods that<br />used in this investigation are Rayleigh's formula for lumped masses in addition to<br />super position method and the mixture rule. By using these techniques it can be<br />found the natural frequencies, mode shapes and deflection for the car's bumper.<br />Different matrix material (resin), fibers and volume fraction are used in this<br />investigation. MATLAB program are built in this study. The results of this<br />program are compared with the results of the ANSYS 11 program. The<br />comparisons show good agreement.
car,vibration in composite materials,Rayleigh,matrix resin with fibers,super position method
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41730.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41730_3905ed05ae9eccfa64e32a021a60ebf2.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Comparison Between Adaptive Fuzzy and PID Fuzzy Automotive Engine Controllers in Idle Speed Mode
6785
6800
EN
Mohammed
Y. Hassan
Saba
T. Al -Wais
10.30684/etj.28.23.14
Automatic control of automotive engines provides benefits in the engines<br />performance like emission reduction, fuel economy and drivability. To ensure better<br />achievement of these requirements the engine is equipped with an electronic control<br />unit (ECU) that is a microprocessor based system. This control unit continually<br />monitors the engine state using several sensors and selects better control actions to<br />achieve what is demanded from an engine under different defined operating modes.<br />One of the most important modes in automotive engines is the idle speed mode. Due<br />to high dropping in the rotational speed in the presence of load torque and disturbance,<br />which may lead to engine stalling, the ECU has to keep the engine speed at the<br />reference idling speed.<br />In this paper, The problem of maintaining the engine idle speed at a reference<br />value with minimum overshoot, minimum undershoot, minimum settling time and<br />minimum steady state error with the presence of load is studied. A Self Tuning<br />adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (ST-FLC) is designed to solve this problem.<br />Comparisons between fuzzy controller and adaptive fuzzy controller are made.<br />Simulation results of this adaptive fuzzy controller show good improvement over the<br />PID fuzzy controller in the idle speed response.<br />All simulations are carried out using MATLAB software. Simulink is used in<br />the simulation, which comprises system model, controllers design and<br />implementation
Fuzzy Logic,PID,Automotive engine,Idle Speed
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41731.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41731_c44c49868c0f69a7bbd49c948c1eefe1.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
B-Spline Functions for Solving nth Order Linear Delay Integro- Differential Equations of Convolution Type
6801
6813
EN
Raghad
Kadhim Salih
Atheer
Jawad Kadhim
Fuad
A. Al-Heety
10.30684/etj.28.23.15
The paper is devoted to solve nth order linear delay integro-differential<br />equations of convolution type (DIDE's-CT) using Galerkin's method with B-spline<br />functions. A new algorithm with the aid of Matlab language is derived to treat<br />three types (retarded, neutral and mixed) of nth order linear DIDE's-CT using<br />Galerkin's method with the aid of B-spline functions and Bool rule for calculating<br />the required integrals for the proposed method where the procedure can be used<br />comparatively greater computational efficiency. Comparison between approximate<br />and exact results has been given in test examples for solving three types of linear<br />DIDE's-CT of different orders for conciliated the accuracy of the approximate<br />results. Finally, the results are arranged in tabulated form and suitable graphing is<br />given for every example.
nth Order Linear Delay Integro,Differential Equation of Convolution type,Spline Functions,Galerkin method and Bool method
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41733.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41733_2b9941fddf7add2fe60b84256b3e2de6.pdf
University of Technology-Iraq
Engineering and Technology Journal
1681-6900
2412-0758
28
23
2010
11
01
Damping of Power System Oscillations by Using Coordinated Control of PSS and STATCOM Devices
6814
6830
EN
Rashid
H. Al- Rubayi
Inaam
Ibrahim Ali
10.30684/etj.28.23.16
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the power system stability enhancement via coordinated control of PSS and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) based controllers. Also, investigate the effectiveness and dynamic interaction of STATCOM controllers in damping system oscillation. Proposed optimal pole shifting technique to design damping controller of excitation system (PSS) and STATCOM based<br />controller. The method is based on modern control theory for multi-input and multi-output system. Several control schemes are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes in improving the power system is verified through eigenvalues and time domain simulations under nominal loading conditions. The analysis of cases under study show that, the STATCOM – based controller has good effect on improving system damping and the coordinated control of PSS and STATCOM – based controller provide the best means for<br />stabilizing power system, more damping with less control effort than individual control
Coordination,Optimal control,FACTS,STATCOM
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41734.html
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_41734_6d4365ac165f7b73805642aeebb11efe.pdf