2024-03-29T16:42:52Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=13489
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Effect of Adding Silver Element and Zirconia Ceramic on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Pure Titanium
Wehad
Al-Rawy
Emad
Al-Hassani
In this research, all the samples are prepared using the powder metallurgy technique by adding silver element and Zirconia ceramic material to the commercially pure titanium at a different weight percent of (10, 20 and 30) to investigate the effect of adding these materials to the CP-Ti on corrosion behavior and mechanical properties. There are two sets of each type of alloys Ti-Ag and Ti ZrO2. The Preparation process was by Weighing, Mixing and Homogenizing Powders by Ball Mill, compacting at 4 tons for 1 min. and Sintering at 700 and 900 °C for 2 hrs. under a controlled atmosphere. The corrosion results showed a good corrosion resistance increases with increasing the silver content as the corrosion rate would be the best in (30% Ag) content with(0.091 mpy) at sintering temperature of 700 °C. And with a sintering temperature of 900 °C, the best result was with (30% Ag) with (0.059) mpy. In the Ti-ZrO2 alloys, the best result was with the zirconia content of (30%ZrO2) when cooled in the air with (1.347) mpy at sintering temperature of 700 °C, this results obtained in Ringer’s solution. And microstructures analysis stated that at the silver and the Zirconia content of (10-20 wt%) single phase of (α- Ti alloy), as the silver and Zirconia content increased to (30% wt), in addition to (α-phase), (Ti2Ag) intermetallic compound developed in the silver alloy microstructure and (TiZr)3O intermetallic compound developed in the microstructure of Ti- Zirconia composites and the hardness test result best hardness of titanium-silver alloys is with a silver content of (30% Wt) at sintering temperature of 900 C.
Implant material
dentistry
Titanium
Titanium alloys
Biocompatibility
corrosion
2021
05
25
674
694
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169333_5ee3d7345e3f38cf81552cbd4798f175.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Effect of Adding TiO2on Some Mechanical Properties of Galloy
Osamah
Khadhair
Rana
Anaee
Kadhum
Shabeeb
Because of importance the Ga alloys in dental applications, many attempts were done to improve the properties of this alloy. The currentwork involves addition of TiO2nanotube powder to Galloy to improve somemechanical properties. These properties included hardness, compression, and creep. The characterization of prepared TiO2/Galloys with five wt% of TiO2(1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) was done by XRD and SEM/EDS. The results showed that the hardness, compression, were increased with increasing percentage of added TiO2, while creep decrease.Some phases such as β-Sn, Ag2Ga and Ag9In4were contributed to improve the properties of new TiO2/Galloycomposites.
Galloy
Amalgam
Dental alloy
TiO2
Corrosion Behavior
Mechanical properties
2021
05
25
695
702
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169334_3139e528a2ab8ed2685753f21e594711.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Effect of CO2 Laser Fluence on Cladding Geometrical Dimensions Alternations
Mohammed
Kadhim
Mahdi
Hanon
Suhair
Hussein
Geometrical dimensions could play a potential role in the function of laser cladding of nickel-base powder on the cold-rolled carbon steel substrate. The geometrical dimensions and their impact on the efficiency of the process of laser cladding of nickel-base powder (Ni -10wt% Al) on cold rolled 0.2% carbon steel substrate was investigated. This work focused on the effect of laser-specific energy input of CO2laser. The geometrical dimensions of cladding regions are including cladding width, cladding height, depth of dilution, contact angle, dilution area, cladding area, and heat-affected zone dimensions determinations. The laser power (1.8 kW) was used at different traverse speeds (1.5, 3.6, 5, 7.1, 8.6, 12.5 mm/s) with (3mm) laser beam diameter. The feed rate was kept constant after many preliminary claddings at approximately 11 g/min. Fluence values ranged from (48-400J/mm2), and the power density value was (255W/mm2). A minimum dilution percentage (25%) was obtained at the highest fluence value (400 J/mm2). Observations were measured using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and Image software. Obtained results indicated that the increase in the fluence leads to an increase in height of cladding, HAZ region but lower depth of dilution
Clad Geometrical Dimensions
Dilution Area
Cladding Width
Dilution Percentage
Depth of Dilution
2021
05
25
703
710
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169335_e89838c34ddab75ceda97a5faea56051.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Secured Medical Image Hashing Based on Frequency Domain with Chaotic Map
Amira
Jabbar
Ashwaq
Hashim
Qusay
Al-Doori
Recently, online-medicine got increased global interest, particularly during COVID19 pandemic. Data protection is important in the medical field since when promoting telemedicine applications, it is necessary to protect the patient data and personal information. A secured process is needed to transmit medical images over the Internet. In this paper hash algorithm is employed to protect the data by using powerful features from the coupled frequency domains of the Slantlet Transformation (SLT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The Region of Interest (ROI) is localized from an MRI image then extraction of a feature set is performed for calculating the hash code. Then, hash code is enciphered to maintain security by employing a secure Chaotic Shift Keying (CSK). The suggested method of security is ensured by the strength of the CSK and the encryption key secrecy. A detailed analysis was conducted using 1000 uncompressed images that were chosen randomly from a publicly available AANLIB database. The proposed methodology can be useful for JPEG compression. Also, this method could resist many attacks of image processing likes filtering, noise addition, and some geometric transforms.
CSK
chaotic map
DCT
integrity
Medical image SLT
2021
05
25
711
722
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169336_46ccf4bf9664b97749167c4dee5f5478.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Protection Coordination of 33/11 kV Power Distribution Substation in Iraq
Thamir
Abdul-Wahhab
Yamur
Obied
The coordination between protective devices is the process of determining the most appropriate timing of power interruption during abnormal conditions in the power system. The aim of this work is to coordinate the protection of the 33/11 kV power distribution substation in Iraq using the CYME 7.1 software package. In this paper overcurrent and earth fault relays are simulated in two cases, with time delay setting and instantaneous setting, to obtain the Time Current Characteristics (TCC) curves for each Circuit Breaker (CB) relay of Al-Karama substation (2×31.5 MVA, 33/11 kV) in Babil distribution network. The short circuit current at each CB is calculated and accordingly, the protection coordination for Al-Karama substation has been simulated. The TCC curves have been obtained in two cases for overcurrent and earth fault relays; in a case with time delay setting and in the case with the instantaneous setting. The setting takes into consideration the short circuit current at the furthest point of the longest outgoing feeder and the shortest outgoing feeder.
Protection coordination
power
overcurrent protection
relays setting
CYMDIST software
2021
05
25
723
737
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169337_95cf5ce82113931d984f0c70dbb9b32d.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Analysis of Distribution System Reconfiguration under Different Load Demand in AL-KUT City by using PSO Algorithm
Zahraa
Dawood
Rashid
AL-Rubayi
Network reconfiguration is the best way to inquisitive a flexible, reliable and effective distribution network. An efficient optimization technique that uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is described and analyzed with the goal of reducing power losses and enhancing the voltage profile in the distribution network by reconfiguring the network, taking into account the branch current limit, branch capacity limit, bus voltage limits and radial structure constraint (no meshed loop). The approach is applied to the part of AL-KUT city distribution system (TAMOZE region system) to attain an optimum network configuration in connection with power loss. Two dissimilar load situations are regarded, and the performance of the suggested approach is also proved by increasing the decrease in power loss by using MATLAB under steady-state conditions.
Network reconfiguration
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
power loss reduction
voltage profile improvement
2021
05
25
738
753
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169338_0e7ebd058a31d7fed00616660a7be8a8.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Dynamic Power Consumption In CMOS N Bit Full-Adder Circuit
Amal
Hasan
Qusay
Al-Doori
This paper discusses power consumption in the full adder circuit using some fabrication technologies. Though many studies related to power consumption in the full adder circuit were performed, however, few investigations about the effect of the number of bits on the power consumption are addressed. In this paper, the effect of changing the number of bits on the power consumption and time delay of the full adder circuit will be observed and the effect of changing the technology size is going to be calculated. The results will show that there is a direct relationship between the number of bits and power.
CMOS
Dynamic power
Full adder
2021
05
25
754
767
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169339_875450b4f4e7d55df7ab2bb7e0c451b2.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness Using Uncoated and Coated Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tool in Turning Operation
Frzdaq
Thamer
Ali
Abbar
Farhad.
Othman
The cutting process is an important process of industrialization. It is requisite to using advantage quality cutting tools in order to preserve the type of product. Coating on the cutting tool has a substantial effect in terms of mechanical properties and the end results of the product. The cutting tool can be manufactured in various material types, but today's cemented tungsten carbide is the most commonly used material in the tool industry because its properties comply with manufacturers' requirements. This study investigates the impact of an Al2O3 coated cutting tool relative to an uncoated cutting tool on the dry cutting process. Different parameters are used in the cutting process when cutting the metal. The cutting parameters used are feed rate and cutting speed, An analysis of the effects of these parameters on the surface roughness. In this analysis, the surface roughness are measured for components turned from steel1040, The L9 Taguchi orthogonal arrays and analyses of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the influence of these parameters. In the case of (uncoated, Al2O3 coated tool), the better surface roughness (SR) with used feed rate (0.05 mm / rev) and cutting speed (140 m/min) where the roughness value was (0.81μm) and (0.78μm) Respectively. The results of this study indicate that the ideal parameters combination for the better surface finish was high cutting speed and low feed rate.
Analyses of variance (ANOVA)cutting tools
Cutting parameters
Coating
Surface Roughness
2021
05
25
768
778
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169340_a0fd793bc4bf07308402b5fcb579362a.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Modeling and Control of Wheeled Mobile Robot With Four Mecanum Wheels
Sameh
Hasana
Hasan
Alwan
This work presents a driving control for the trajectory tracking of four mecanum wheeled mobile robot (FMWMR). The control consists of Backstepping-Type 1 Fuzzy Logic-Particle swarm optimization i.e.,(BSC-T1FLC-PSO). The kinematic and dynamic models have been derived. Backstepping controller (BSC) is used for finding controlled torques that generated from robot motors while Type-1 fuzzy logic control (T1FLC) as well as particle swarm optimization (PSO) used for finding the appropriate values of gain parameters of BSC. Square trajectory has been selected to test the performance of the control system of FMWMR. MATLAB/ Simulink is used to simulate the results. It has been concluded from the results that obtained from this control system there is a good matching between the simulated and the desired trajectories.
FMWMR
control
Back stepping
Fuzzy Logic
trajectory tracking
PSO
2021
05
25
779
789
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169341_186b11a32b04272d84afdd403b00ea87.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Humidification Effect on the Performance and Emissions of (DI) Diesel Engine Running on Diesel Fuel with Biodiesel Blended Nano Additives
Hussein
Jumaa
Mahmoud
Mashkour
The effect of humidification of the air on the performance of a compression ignition engine operating on diesel, biodiesel with nano additives was investigated. The experiment was carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated water-cooled, direct injection Ricardo (E6/US) diesel engine at a constant speed of 1800 rpm, and varying loads. A mixture of Biodiesel (waste cooking oil) and diesel fuel by four ratios (B5, B10, B15, and B20) was used in the experiment. Besides, five concentrations of Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3, with particle size 20 nm) as fuel-additives were prepared (10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 100 ppm), and added to the test fuels (Bio-Diesel). Taguchi Method by DOE was used for the optimization in this investigation. The results of Taguchi Method experiments identified the biodiesel (B20), nano additive (100 ppm), relative humidity (65%). The experimental results manifested that BTE improved by 17.62% and BSFC decreased by 12.72%, while NOx and PM reduced by 8.45%, 24.17%, respectively.
Diesel Engine
performance
Emissions
Air Humidification
Waste cooking oil
Iron oxide Nanoparticle
Taguchi method
2021
05
25
790
803
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169342_ad22f78d6251a2721ba81f4b4a7720db.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
A Review on Path Planning Algorithms for Mobile Robots
Mustafa
Abed
Omar
Lutfy
Qusay
Al-Doori
Mobile robots use is rising every day. Path planning algorithms are needed to make a traveler of robots with the least cost and without collisions. Many techniques have been developed in path planning for mobile robot worldwide, however, the most commonly used techniques are presented here for further study. This essay aims to review various path planning strategies for mobile robots using different optimization methods taken recent publisher’s paper in last five year.
Artificial-intelligent
Classic approach
heuristic methods
Intelligent Methods
Meta Heuristic Methods
Mobile Robot
path planning
Randomized Methods
2021
05
25
804
820
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169343_545536437582ac5ab2fb9e27e9d636ed.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Flexural Properties of Functionally Graded Polymer Alumina Nanoparticles
Mahdi
Shareef
Ahmed
Al-Khazraji
Samir
Amin
In this paper, a functionally graded polymer nanocomposite (FGPNC) was arranged via mixing the Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles (50 – 100 nm) with an epoxy matrix through five layers of 1.2 mm thickness for each layer using hand lay–up technique. Different volume fractions were taken (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) % of the used nanoparticles and were cast in molds made from acrylic for creating the graded composite sheet in the thickness direction. The prepared isotropic specimen was tested by tensile and compressive test. The results showed that the (4% Vf of Al2O3) has the best enhancement of the ultimate tensile strength (85.25% from neat epoxy) and decreased thereafter. Flexural properties of three different types of functionally graded materials (FGMs), including FGM1, FGM2 and FGM3, isotropic nanocomposite (2% Al2O3) and pristine epoxy were obtained. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of the functionally graded polymer nanocomposite for each type of FGMs enhanced by (51.7%) and (67%), respectively for the FGM1 loaded from the neat epoxy side, whereas for the FGM1 loaded from the (4%) side, the improvement in these properties was (17.8%) and (29.4%), correspondingly over those for the neat epoxy. For FGM2, the improvement in the flexural strength was (27%) and (71.8%) for the flexural modulus as compared with pristine epoxy. The enhancement in the flexural strength of FGM3 was (27%) and flexural modulus (57.7%). Design Modeler (ANSYS Workbench) was used to verify the experimental flexural test results. A very good agreement was found between the experimental and numerical results with a maximum error of (3.92%) in the flexural modulus for FGM1 loaded from the composite side.
Epoxy
Al2O3nanoparticles
Polymer nanocomposites
FGMs
tensile properties
compression properties
Flexural properties
2021
05
25
821
835
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169346_5ab84b35677476e70913b0dfcca8391b.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Gasoil Hydro-desulfurization using Catalyst synthesized from Iraqi Kaolin Clay: Optimization with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Khlood
AlKhafaji
Zaidoon
Shakor
Bashir
Al-Zaidi
Sattar
Hussein
This search aim to study the feasibility of hydro-desulfurization (HDS) of gas oil in fixed bed reactor by using economic support catalyst alumina meta kaolin (AMK) under various operating condition, i.e. Temp. (240−320 ◦C), Press. (3–12 bar), WHSV (2–6 h−1) at H2/HC ratio (50 vol./vol.). The support catalyst was prepared from Iraq kaolin and characterization by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Experimental design was used to determine which parameter (e.g. temperature, pressure and WHSV) has a greater influence on the obtained HDS and the optimum condition of process. The result shows that optimum condition given (Temp. 300 C, Press. 12 bar and WHSV 2 h-1) and all parameter have significant implication in the process.
Hydro-desulfurization
Kaolin clays
Experimental Design
Gasoil
2021
05
25
836
845
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169349_31124338e8dd01e3c15b98ebeec05401.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Experimental Investigation of The Optimal Location of PCM Capsules in a Hollow Brick Wall
Hayder
Abbas
Jalal
Jalil
Sabah
Ahmed
In this paper, an experimental investigation of the integration of PCM capsules as insulation material into the outer or inner rows of hollow brick to find out the optimum location of the PCM capsules that give the best thermal performance of a wall. A test model consists of two identical cubical rooms was designed and fabricated to test the wall with and without PCM in a natural outdoor condition in Diwaniyah city in Iraq during the summer. The results show that the PCM will reduce the temperature of the inner side of the test wall and test room by 2.7℃ for the PCM capsules in the inner row while the reduction in both the inner surface temperature and the room due to the use of the capsules in the outer row was 1.9℃. The time lag for the two cases was 1 hour. So that, the inner row location of PCM is the optimum location.
Phase Change Material (PCM)
thermal insulation
Time lag
and Decrement Factor
2021
05
25
846
858
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169353_a6919ccc2b835c194e28e97b300ce389.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2021
39
5A
Quadratic Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor Based Robust Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation
Ahmed
Abed
Sabah
Gitaffa
Abbas
Issa
Fault detection plays a serious role in high-cost and safety-critical processes. There are two main drivers for continuous improvement in the area of early detection of process faults safety and reliability of technical plants. Detect fault in Geophone string sensors (SG-10) are very important in oil exploration to avoid loss economy. Methods are developed to enable earlier detection of process faults than the traditional limit and trend checking based on a single process variable and the development of these methods is a key matter. Classification methods will be used for pattern recognition and as such is appropriate for fault detection. In supervised training input-output pairs, both for normal and fault conditions, are presented to the network. The models were trained on the free fault and fault sensors. Then the Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM) and k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) as the classifiers are used. The test results for measuring the performance of 1232 sample classifiers from data show that the accuracy of fault-free sensor recognition is 97.4 % and 100% consecutively for these classifiers.
Fault Detection and Isolation(FDI)
Pattern Recognition
QSVM
KNN
SG-10
2021
05
25
859
869
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_169356_d895438884f9b10136c783105ababfc0.pdf