2024-03-28T19:26:06Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=14245
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2023
41
3
Optimization of Curing Process for Production of Jatropha Oil Bio-Based Resin Decorated with Nano-Al2O3 and Mechanical Characterization
Agita
Setiawan
Zurina
Abidin
Farah Ezzah
Ab Latif
Khalina
Abdan
Concerns on the environment, health and safety issues posed by synthetic resins has amplified numerous efforts of producing resin from various renewable sources. The use of plant oil as potential source of resin has attracted interest from various researchers. Jatropha Oil is a competitive source to petroleum counterparts due to its availability, biodegradability, low eco-toxicity but exhibit poor mechanical properties among many. The objective of this study is to study the effect of adding nanoparticles as reinforcing fillers to bio-based resin from Epoxidized crude Jatropha Oil (ECJO) to improve its mechanical performance. Various loadings of 0% to 4% of Al2O3 nanoparticles was tested on epoxy bio-resin. Later the specimens fabricated were cured and characterized for its mechanical properties. Addition of 1 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles improved the tensile strength of a bio-based epoxy resin to tensile stress of 29.37±2.00 MPa, elastic with an elastic modulus of 840.80±124.53 MPa. Further characterization at optimum addition of nano-Al2O3 resulted a glass transition temperature of 37.95˚C. In overall, the inclusion of nano-Al2O3 has definitely improved the mechanical properties of the material which will be useful for further application material engineering.
nanocomposite
Epoxy resin
bio-based
epoxidized crude Jatropha oil
nanoparticles
2023
03
01
484
491
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_175753_351d40ec841a9f9f0407c6ce8294e5ba.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2023
41
3
Applications of Helical Versus Straight Hollow Fiber Membranes: A Review
Adel
Zrelli
Jamila
Debaya
Abdoulaye
Doucoure
Bechir
Chaouachi
The production of straight and helical hollow fibers plays an important role in developing hollow fiber membrane technology that encompasses a broad range of designs. During the last two decades, scientific studies devoted to straight hollow fibers were more abundant than those focused on helical fibers. Several major applications considering side-by-side testing of these two geometries are discussed in this review. For membrane extraction, desalination, and membrane contactor processes, it is observed that permeability rates are 10%-400 % higher for helical fibers compared to straight fibers. This outcome is justified by the presence of Dean-vortices-induced flow turbulences inherent to the geometry of helical membranes. These conditions give rise to an uptake of mass and heat transfer coefficients and a reduction of temperature and concentration polarization phenomena. Aside from enhanced flow properties, helical hollow fiber bundles tend to be more robust by design, thus exhibiting better resiliency over long service operations than straight bundles. One persistent shortcoming of the helical fibers seems to be an increase in pressure drop. However, this does not always translate into a higher energy consumption – i.e., versus straight bundles. Given the performance advantage, product robustness, and adaptiveness to a broad range of applications, the adoption of helical hollow fiber technology deserves growing support from the membrane community in academic and industrial settings.
membrane
hollow fiber
straight
helical
applications
Comparison
2023
03
01
492
502
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_175791_e9fbdd45bd2dca987a558ba361c272e4.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2023
41
3
Clathrate-Based Recovery of Sulfuric Acid from Spent A cid
Najlaa
Lazim
Riyadh
AlMukhtar
Recently, the applications of hydrate phenomena in industrial processes have been increasing. A clathrate or hydrate is a solid, ice-like compound that forms when water/guest is mixed under certain conditions. Hydrogen water molecules bond with the guest molecules to form a crystal lattice. Different guests can form the Clathrate (e.g., gases or liquids). Dilute Sulfuric acid is usually generated at different industrial plants, and these dilute acids are considered waste because they cannot be reused again. Many treatment processes handle this environmental problem, like electrochemistry, precipitation, adsorption, membrane filtration, and ion exchange. Although such processes have significant operational advantages, their disadvantage is that many of the high costs of the treatment process and the generated products of treatment are considered toxic pollutants. This work utilized clathrate phenomena experiments to re-concentrate dilute sulfuric acid. The selected clathrate guest was Cyclopentane. Each experiment s consists of a mixture of Cyclopentane and dilute sulfuric acids. The volume ratios of dilute sulfuric acid to Cyclopentane were (6:1, 4: 1, 3:1, and 2:1) with different initial concentrations (12.5%, 10%, 7.5%, 5%, 2.5%) of acid. It was found that the clathrate method was effective in re-concentrate dilute sulfuric acids with a maximum efficiency of 94% at the ratio of acid /cyclopentane (6:1) at 12.5% concentration. It can be concluded that the increase in dilute sulfuric acid /cyclopentane volume ratio leads increasing in removal efficiency while reducing the yield percentage and enriched Factor.
Acid extraction
Clathrate hydrate
Hydrate formation
sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Solvent extraction
2023
03
01
503
511
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_176413_cc9587a94aba6f0fb5fb7fcc6917fc9a.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2023
41
3
A Review on the Separation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Wastewater by Pervaporation Processes
Salam
Hussein
Salah
Ibrahim
Adel
Zrelli
Alberto
Figoli
Adnan
Alhathal Alanezi
Qusay
Alsalhy
The pervaporation process (PV) is one of the membrane separation methods. This process is characterized by low cost, ease of installation, no chemicals added, and work at medium temperatures. The pervaporation process is part of a chain of water treatment processes and has high efficiency in removing pollutants, drying processes, and others. The present review paper would be reviewed the related articles to show the efficiency of the separation of the solution by the pervaporation process by focusing on research that deals with the separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water such as benzene and toluene. Benzene compound was used to prepare some of the chemicals such as styrene, phenol, cyclohexane, aniline, and polyester resins. Also, it is used in the production of drugs, dyes, insecticides, and plastics, moreover, it is produced from the refineries' operations and mixes with the water used in these operations, where its concentration reaches up to 16 ppm. While toluene is a common solvent used for paints, glues, and printing ink. Toluene compound is produced from the refineries operations and mixes with the water used in these operations, where its concentration reaches up to 55 ppm, where these percentages for benzene and toluene are considered high and very dangerous to humans and the environment which causes many carcinogenic diseases. Also, researchers would be reviewing that worked on developing various types of membranes by adding different materials to improve membrane performance and increase the desired flux of components and separation factors with different working conditions.
Pervaporation processes Membrane VOCs
Benzene Toluene
2023
03
01
512
528
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_178024_c7889b7cb170a33fc55533b49667c51e.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2023
41
3
The Photo-Oxidation of CO from Ambient Air Using Catalytic Asphaltic Pavement
Seba
Mohammed
Zainab
Shnain
Asawer
Alwasiti
Mohammad
Abid
Kadhim
Abed
Mohammed
Mohammed
Zainab
Hameed
Sajda
Faris
Peter
Philib
Road transportation in urban areas may be considered a major source of environmental pollution. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the oxidation of carbon dioxide gas emitted by an internal combustion engine. This is achieved using an asphaltic pavement coated with Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles by spraying and irradiating with white light under ambient conditions to reduce the air pollution problem (carbon monoxide) caused by vehicles. Using electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we determined the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the photocatalyst. Following the characterization study, the photo-catalytic activity of the asphalt materials was determined. Experimental results showed that CO conversion positively depends on different conditions, including Cu loading, light intensity, and relative humidity. However, the gas flow rate showed a different trend. The optimal operating parameters were determined as follows: Cu loading (3.6% by weight), a flow rate of gas (1 L/min), relative humidity (30%), and light intensity (35 W/m2) to ensure the best photo-oxidation efficiency of 56.4% after three hours of operation. A mathematical correlation related to CO2 removal as a function of different operating conditions was found with a correlation factor of 0.975 and a variance equal to 0.964. Moreover, a kinetic pathway for photo-oxidation of CO at various oxygen concentrations was presented.
Carbon monoxide
Air quality
Copper doped Titanium oxide
asphaltic pavement
photooxidation
2023
03
01
529
542
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_178118_d69052cf0ec2fa9b40811e889ec762e7.pdf