2024-03-28T23:58:07Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1453
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Applied Study to Demonstrate the Potential of the Work of the Refrigerator to Work as a Heat Recovery Device
Ali
Abdul whaab Ismiael
The research includes an applied study and description of the possibility of heat recovery from the superheated vapour in the discharge of compressor of a demostic refrigerator for a purpose of using it in heating food, i.e. operating as a heat pump. The modified design of refrigeration cycle in a order to as reverse the flow of the refrigerant fluid in two way, the first includes a heat recovery coil & solenoid valves, and the second the addition of a heat Recovery coil and a three way reverse valve, and designing the electric cycles for both models. The effect of this modification on the coefficient of performance in a partial and total load operation were obtained. There has been an improvement in the operation of cycle performance, while working as a heat pumps of (10%) more than its refrigeration cycle only. This addition comes from the increase of sub - cooling Liquid of refrigerant by (3 to up 6) Co. This has improved the extracted heat in evaporator coil. The temperature of the heat cabinet may reach 60 Co and it is a sufficient for heat the food. The effect of this modification on the rates of pressure drop in tubes was found to be of little amount, and its effect on the performance of the compressor may be negligible.
2012
01
01
1
17
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25849_dfa4a3365962537d728d8406f504fcd6.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
The Effect of Apigenin on Gram Positives and Negative Bacteria
Entessar
H.Ali
The antibacterial effect of Apigenin was evaluated by an in vitro study testing the growth of various Gram-Posative and Gram-Negative bacteria . The bactericidal activity of this extract was analyzed by serial dilution in tubes. This study,found that Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria susceptible to lower Apigenin concentrations. On the other hand, Gram-Negative bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-Positives bacteria, the minimal bactericidal concentration of Gram-Negative bacteria was 2 mg ml-1 but minimal bactericidal concentration of Gram-Positive bacteria was 4 mg ml-1 that mean doable inhibation concentration of Gram-negative bacteria . This study suggest that Apigenin have inhibation effect against Gram-Posative and Gram-Negative bacteria and Apigenin was natural material found in Iraq and world with little side effect
2012
01
01
18
23
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25851_881c89eb0958e8196992d75071766cb1.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
The Traditional Vocabulary Changes and Realization of Identity Levels in Contemporary Architectural Products
Suha
Hassan AL.Dahwi
Zainab
Hussein Raouf
Ban
Jelil Tahir
Every age has privacy in dealing with the architecture as a product investigator of identity within a certain level, Identity is a system of thought involved in its mechanisms utilization of the [Heritage] as an active force about the architects creations, that reflect on the architects deal with heritage to create a creation product have local embodied through engagement with the traditional vocabulary according to subject these traditional items to the mechanics of change [diversification mechanism, cultural borrowing mechanism, invention mechanism, the experimentation mechanism]. It was found that all of these mechanisms coincide with a certain level of identity within the four stages of identity transformation levels, namely, [the level of sensory individual identity, sensory collective level identity, the level of moral individual identity and finally "the level of moral collective identity] from here ... the problem research had arisen of [the absence of an objective perception of the identity level that investigate the creation product and what the relationship with the change mechanism adopted on the traditional vocabulary]. The objective of this research is [reach to the objective perception of the identity level that investigate the creation product and determine its relationship with the change mechanism that subject vocabulary heritage]. The hypothesis of research represented by [the various relationship between the changeable traditional vocabulary and the verification of identity levels involved with levels of identity that achieve creative products]. The research gets to various conclusions witch has been summarized in to two items: first deals with traditional vocabulary and its mechanical changes. And the second one involved with identity and its verification.
2012
01
01
24
45
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25853_3375490399bcbad37dd9d6384e235b70.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Use the Best Solution to Plan and Solve the Problem of Transportation for the Community Study "Eastern Company for Ready-Made Frozen Food"
Sufyan
Monther salih
Focused on communities and nations out of date and the exchange of transport problems to solve these problems through attention to planning for these deviations that have occurred in transportation where he began to study transport planning and attempting to simulate this problem through the use of the best way to solve the transport problems which is a transfer of assets with similar materials (which center is the production or marketing or other movement of goods it) to the endings (which is the center or center of consumption demand or other goods sent to him) the lowest costs or increase profits and less time as possible by standing on this problem of the transport problem facing the company under study and represent the sport through the planning work around this problem and the best ways relationship scholastic.
2012
01
01
46
63
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25855_09fe870742db8da06f5ac80d1f95ce62.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Study the Effect of Vibration Speed on Corrosion Rate of Tow Steel Alloys X20 and X60
Mohammed
Abdulateef Ahmed
Oday
shaker
A study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of mechanical vibrations on the corrosion of steel pipelines for oil (x60, x20) in the corrosive medium is sea water by using the traditional method of weight loss, where the test samples are cut cubic forms and dimensions (10x10x10 mm3). And offered samples to the corrosive solution (sodium chloride 3.5% NaCl) and called the term (sea water) in chemical engineering and corrosion engineering fields. This medium would be static with frequency (0 Hz), and vibrated with a five frequencies (5, 10, 15, 20& 25 Hz) and the amplitude within the range of (0.0013-0.00088m) to be the speed of vibration within the (0.00475-0.022), and for a test time (2hr.). These laboratory vibrations were obtained from the design and manufacture of corrosion presence vibration instrument according to U.S. global standard (ASTM G32). It was found that the speed of vibration increase the corrosion rate of these alloys of (0.00073 gmd) at the speed (0) to (0.00287 gmd) at the speed (0.022) for alloy X20, and (0.00195 gmd) at the speed (0) to (0.00402 gmd) at the speed (0.022) for alloy X60. That is, the highest value for the rate of corrosion is to alloy X60 at the speed of vibration (0.022), followed by corrosion rate of alloy X20 at the same speed. When the speed of vibration was (0), the corrosion rate of alloy X60 is also more of the corrosion rate of alloy X20.
2012
01
01
64
83
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25857_c86bee1ba4024b654474ae9d69765600.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Effect of (CuPb)x Substitution on Tc of Bi2-x(CuPb)x Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ Superconductors
Bushra
Salman Mahdi
High temperature superconductors with a nominal composition Bi2-x (CuPb) xSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ for (0≤x≤0.5) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The effect of (CuPb) x substitution on Tc of Bi2-x(CuPb)xSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ compound has been investigated by X-ray diffraction , resistance measurements and oxygen content to obtain the optimum conditions for the formation and stabilization of the high TC phase (2223- phase).The results showed that the optimum sintering temperature for the composition Bi2-x(CuPb)xSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ is Ts=1133K for ts=140h. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all the samples have almost two phases: high-Tc phase (2223- phase) and low-TC phase (2212- phase). It was found that all the samples having an orthorhombic structure with lattice parameter value (c) increased with increasing of the critical temperature Tc. Substitution of (CuPb)x to 0.1, 0.3, 0.4 increases the transition temperature to TC=107K, 125K, 95K, respectively.
2012
01
01
189
196
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25835_3b0dc68c376bce5e987081f02693a61b.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Studying the Effect of Water on Electrical Conductivity of Cu Powder Reinforced Epoxy Composite Material
Nirvana
A. Abd Alameer
We study electrical conductivity behavior of Cu-powder reinforced epoxy composite material in different solutions (distilled water, tap water &3.5%NaCl) with a weight fraction (5, 15, 30 &45) was investigated for (7) weeks immersion time. The results exhibit that electrical conductivity increases as increasing immersion time due to the specimen was absorbed the solutions. The maximum values were reached with 3.5% NaCl solution because of Cl ions whereas electrical conductivity not apparent in distilled water was attributed to pure water containing no ions is an excellent insulator.
electrical conductivity
Epoxy
2012
01
01
197
202
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25836_be5f0f0e05809812a76100ed1d13baea.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
A Proposed Method for Detecting Fake Art by Using B-Spline Curves
Abdul
Monem S. Rahma
Luma
Faik Jalil Khalil
This paper presents proposed method for detecting fake art by using B-Spline curves. In this paper B-Spline curve is used with special technique helps to determine the difference between the excellent copy and the real McCoy image. In the proposed method B-Spline curves are created for the McCoy and the image in question as digital print for these images. The number of defined control points, generated curves, and the order of the polynomial segments of the generated B-spline curvesare an important factors which determine the accuracy of detecting fake art.In order to determine if the image in question is McCoy or not the detection process is executed by comparing the function values of generated B-Spline curves of the excellent copy (its digital print) with the function values of generated B-Spline curves of the McCoy (its digital print).
Fake art
Spline
McCoy
digital print
2012
01
01
203
221
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25837_2e934aa4923e511cca5ba42547ca038e.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Using of Pulsed Nd-Yag Laser in the Treatment of Thermal Spray by Aluminum and Diffusion Coating Phases of Low Alloy Steel
Abd
Al- khalaq Fawzy Hamood
High power pulsed Neodymium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet- (Nd– YAG)- laser with 1J power was used to fuse coatings containing a mixture of FeAlO and Al. This mixture produced by aluminizing pack cementation treatment and thermal spray of low alloy steel, That is for Studying the mechanical , surface and metallurgical properties for each coating system , and to make a comparison before and after irradiation , and also the specified properties including the coating thickness . Aluminum Coated samples were made by two advanced techniques pack cementation and thermal spray methods in order to compare the resulted coating layer properties before and after irradiation, and also to determine the technique role from one hand ,also fusing effect and thermal residual stresses role which resulted from irradiation in the variation of studied properties on the other. Results showed that pack cementation coating layer has roughness, Micro hardness and wear resistance higher than thermal spray coating layer. Irradiation results was showed an improvement in studied properties, this was attributed to the fusing, thermal residual stresses and laser rays role in refining the grains which are in conjunction with finer microstructure . After irradiation a formation of a hard phase (martensite) was recorded, this was attributed to the sufficient percentage of carbon (0.4%) in the selected alloy, this was enshured by microstructure images taken by optical microscopy. X-ray diffraction showed, for laser surface irradiated coating layers, presence of the phase due to interaction between the base metal constituents. A modification of coating phases composition could be concluded for both coating techniques. Also the two techniques illustrate a formation of coating layer with a different thickness.
laser surface irradiation
aluminizing
Pack Cementation
thermal spray
low alloy medium carbon steel
2012
01
01
222
237
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25838_a725a340a3a2fdd29ad993cb09a114d9.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
A Recursive Algorithm to Hide Three Secret Images In One Image Using Wavelet Transform
Yasmin
Muwafaq kassim
This paper presents an algorithm based on wavelet transform to hide three secret colored or gray-scale images with different sizes in one colored cover image. The algorithm takes level1 wavelet transformation for the cover image and level2 wavelet transformation for the coefficients resultant from level1. The algorithm begins to divide and transpose the secret images into multiple sub bands, then imbedding them into the coefficient parts resulting from level2. The embedding depends upon a variable threshold which begins with a very small value. Here the algorithm ensures the embedding of all the pixels values of the sub band, if it is not, the operation will be repeated with a larger threshold value until all the pixels are embedded. Also the pixel's value will not be embedded directly, the difference between the cover and the secret pixel value will be embedded instead of it after some manipulation (mathematical operations). All of these factors (divide and transpose the secret images, the variable threshold for each sub band and changes on the embedded pixels) increase the robustness and quality of the algorithm. The resultant stego image and the extracted secret images are very close to the original one with high PSNR, high Correlation, low Normal Absolute Error and low Maximum Difference.
Image Steganography
Discrete Wavelet Transform
Stego Image
Threshold
PSNR
2012
01
01
238
260
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25840_3180f1ee808dd3cdcfc52d91577d13e6.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Theorems on Certain Fractional Function and Derivative
Ahmed
Zain al-Abdin
Maha
Abd Al-Wahab
The aim of this paper is to prove the correctness of the relation I - I h (x) = h (x) for all xÎ(a, b], x a x a a a a a 00).
Fractional function
derivative
2012
01
01
261
264
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25841_2fb336bf1a3a9460fd8c62f0ae3e2c59.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Paths Planning for AL-Ramdi intercity road using gis tool
Maha
O. Al-Mumaiz
Transportation planning process (find the best route) can be considered as a strategic, important and complex issue in the same time, due to the need of collecting information and analyzing data to obtain the optimum network (journey of shortest route), ie.,minimizing time,coast, fuel, noise, and air pollution. (GIS), the network should be analysis to find the best route based on shortest distance with minimum time between the origin and destination of journey by using software’s algorithm. Moreover, the ability of GIS to generate detailed directions along the route, providing as-you-need-it solutions for common problems. The algorithm divides the network into nodes (ie, start, and lines intersection) and the paths between such nodes are represented by lines. In addition, each line has an associated cost representing the cost (length or time) of each line in order to reach a node. There are many possible paths between the origin and destination, but the path calculated depends on which nodes are visited and in which order. A case study of Al-Ramadi city is choosed for this study, it lies in the west part of Al-Iraq; it’s the capital of Al Anbar Governorate and is situated at the intersection of the Euphrates River and Al Warrar River’s Channel, northwest of Al-Habbaniyah Lake. The city is 110 km west of Baghdad, 46 km west of Al-Fallujah, and 283 km east of Al-Rutbah. It lies on the major paths to Syrian and Jordanian boarders, so it occupies a strategic planning concern. The objectives of this study is to find the shortest time (least cost path) between zones of Al-Ramadi city, for that the city of Al-Ramadi is divided into (5) Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ), the centered of each zone is obtained in order to compute the shortest time from the center of first zone (origin) to the center of second zone (destination). The result of this study is a matrix,It shows the least time to travel between the 5 (TAZ), these results can be considered very important to implement Intelligent Transportation System (ITS).
Geographic information systems
Network analysis
Ramadi city
2012
01
01
265
281
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25843_b971434ead8f392b78fa8fa4f5dfa330.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
On the Use of Supervised Learning Method for Authorship Attribution
Walaa
M. Khalaf
In this paper we investigate the use of a supervised learning method for the authorship attribution that is for the identification of the author of a text. We suggest a new, simple and efficient method, which is merely based on counting the number of repetitions of each alphabetic letter in the text, instead of using the traditional classification properties; such as the contents of the text and style of the author; which falls into four feature categories: lexical, syntactic, structural, and content-specific. Furthermore, we apply a spherical classification method. We apply the proposed technique to the work of two Italian writers, Dante Alighieri and Brunetto Latini. With almost high reliability, the spherical classifier proved its ability to discriminate between the selected authors. Finally the results are compared with those obtained by means of a standard Support Vector Machine classifier.
Authorship Attribution
Spherical Classification
Support vector machine
2012
01
01
282
292
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25844_8e7cbca45b7ee3810093c7630d664166.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Response of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beam
Aziz
Ibrahim Abdulla
Alyaa
A. Ali
Ahmed
Adnan Ghanee
The study is conducted to perform two goals: The first geal is to produce a lightweight concrete using major components which are locally available with some standard admixtures.Many mixtures are prepared using many ratios of superplasticizer (SP) and silica fume (SF) admixtures to yield a lightweight aggregate concrete, the effects of using different ratios of these admixtures on unit weight, compressive strength and flexural strength are studied individually and accumulatively. The secondis to study the dynamic specifications of normal and lightweight reinforced concrete beams. The results showed that the increasing in dosage of superplasticizer (SP) for (LWAC) increases the density of (LWAC), and the increasing in dosage of silica fume (SF) decreases the density of (LWAC). The experimental impact tests for R.C. beams shows that the lightweight R.C. beams have a better response under impact loading with respect to the maximum dynamic deflection (2.955mm for normal weight beam and 1.58mm for lightweight beam). Also,Impact force transferred to supports reactions of lightweight beams is smaller within 45% than the impact force transferred to reaction of normal weight concrete under the same impact load, and the time to reach 90% damping equal to 1.223 sec and 1.6 sec for lightweight and normalweight R.C. beams respectively. Also, the reinforced concrete beams are tested under repeated impact load up to failure. The tests showed that the no. of blows to cause first crack for lightweight concrete beams more than twice of this for normalweight concrete beams.
reinforced concrete
dynamic
impact
Mechanical properties
2012
01
01
293
311
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25845_9f8c2170deec7d69ba5484a947b48730.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
2
Voltage Stability Study of the Iraqi Power Grid
Rashid
H. Al-Rubayi
Humam
A. Al-Baidhani
It has become an important task for many voltage stability studies to find a voltage stability index. The voltage stability indices provide reliable information about proximity of voltage instability in a power system. In this paper, the L indicator has been proposed, which aims to detect the weakest load buses in the electrical power networks. The L indicator has been checked by its application to the (WSCC 9-bus and IEEE 14-bus) test systems. Finally, the proposed indicator has been applied to the Iraqi power grid (400 kV) considering different contingencies, such as lines outage, generated power reduction and loading increase. The short computation time of this indicator and its efficient detection of the weakest load buses in the Iraqi power grid, allow the operators to apply it in online voltage stability monitoring based on measurements.
steady state voltage stability
voltage collapse
voltage stability indices and L indicator
2012
01
01
312
324
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_25847_01305df78ad637d51773beab9414ab24.pdf