2024-03-29T16:16:38Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1517
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
التأكل البايولوجي في الهياكل الحديدية لوحدات إنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية في سد حديثة
Both fresh water & salt water can sustain thousands of microscopic and macroscopicorganisms, which have been observed to live and grow on the steel structure rules for plants ofelectric power production in sad-haditha. These organisms attach themselves to solid surfacesduring their growth cycle. The accumulation of these organisms causes corrosion directly orindirectly by deterioration of metal. They assimilate ferrous iron ions and precipitate them intotypes of green rusts. Green rust (1) which consists ofFeSO4.7 H2O ,4Fe (OH) 3FeSO4. 4H2O ,Fe (OH)2While green rust (2) consists of[4Fe (OH) 2 (2FeOOH .FeSO4 .4H2O)]The acceleration of corrosion by biological organisms is quite widespread, there has beenrelatively little detailed research concerned with the identification of these species especially inIraq & and this describes the aim & the scope of this work.
2008
07
28
303
312
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26641_d700cf726effb013274c159da7bb2487.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
دراسة تأثير الشكل الهندسي لمقدمة بريمة الثقب العميق على خواص الثقوب المنتجة
The term deep hole originally reffered to hole depth over (5* diameter)Deep hole drilling is a collective name for method for machining both short anddeep holes. In deep hole drilling cutting fluid supply and chip transport play animportant role in machining of hole depths of more than (100*diameter).The cutting tip geometry has a significant effect on a drills performance andon the quality of the machined holes by effecting on chips shape andthickness, distribution of the cutting forces, and on the flow of the cuttingfluid at the cutting edge. The gun drill is normally divided in three parts:1.Drill tip 2. Shank. 3. Driver.Depending on the application, the most common tool tip material is C2carbide, which is one of the harder grades. This paper deals with expermentaleffect of gundrill tip geometry on the following properties of the hole: Holestraightness , Error shape in roundness , Dimension tolerance and Surfaceroughness. According to improvements of gun drill tip geometry in this work, thedeep drilled holes properties are significantly improved with the following results: Hole straightness ( 7 μm) , Error shape in roundness ( 5 μm) , Dimensiontolerance ( 7 μm) and Surface roughness ( Ra 1.2 μm).
2008
07
28
313
323
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26642_385411895a97ba47ecb36a2d0f182e01.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Dynamic Analysis Of Soil-Structure Interaction Problems Considering Infinite Boundaries
Mohammed
Yousif Fattah
Mohammed
J. Hamood
Shatha
Hazim Dawood
One of the limitations of the usage of the finite element method in dynamic soilstructureinteraction arises when it is used for the modelling of an infinite domain ifnothing is done to prevent from artificial reflections at the mesh boundary; errors areintroduced into the results. To handle reflections, different artificial boundaries havebeen proposed. The aim of such boundaries is to make them behave as nearly aspossible as if the mesh extends to infinity. In this paper they are known as transmitting,absorbing or silent boundaries. A brief description to two different approaches ofabsorbing boundaries is made, first by using infinite elements and the second by usingviscous boundaries method. For this purpose the computer program named“MIXDYN” is modified in this study to “Mod-MIXDYN” by adding mapped infiniteelement model to the finite elements models of the program to be used for dynamicanalysis of soil-structure interaction problems. A new derivation of the mappedfunctions is made in this study for the cases when the infinite direction is extended tothe left horizontally (at negative ξ direction) and down vertically (at negative ηdirection).Two verification problems are solved to compare the results of the modifiedprogram with the results of other software, namely ANSYS and OpenSees representingother types of elements (dashpot elements) modelling boundaries as viscous boundary.It was found that the transmitting boundary absorbs most of the incidentenergy. The distinct reflections observed in the "fixed boundaries" case disappear inthe "transmitted boundaries" case. This is true for both cases of using viscousboundaries or mapped infinite elements. The viscous boundaries are more effective inabsorbing the waves resulting from dynamic loads than mapped infinite elements. Thisis clear when comparing the results of both types with those of transient infiniteelements.
2008
07
28
725
746
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26643_55bc7602efd6496152c4879c32e98bf0.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Redlich-Kwong Equation of State Used For Prediction phase Data
Dhia
Aldeen M. Kassim
The solubility of CO2 in the non-volatile compounds of n-Hexadecane,Diphenylmetnane, Diphenyl ethane, Ethyl benzene and of Nitrogen in n-Hexadecane, at temperature range 298.15-358.15 K are measured at partialpressure of one atmosphere, Falling-film flow technique was used in the presentexperimental work.It is seen that in most cases the solubility is decreased at the temperatureincreased, though in the case of the Nitrogen/n-Hexadecane system the reverse istrue. The effect is probably related to the decrease in solvent density which occursas the temperature raises. For systems of low Solubility ,this effect tends to counterbalance the increase tendency for solute molecules to "escape" from the solvent,arising from their increase kinetic energy . In addition ,the binary interactionconstant (LAB) was calculated by fitting the mole fraction solubility of solute gasesCO2 and N2 by using Redlich-Kwong equation of state for predicting phase data.The interaction constant LAB was calculated from the following expression:= 1− ( )−0.5 ...........(1) AB AB A B L a a a
Equation of state
phase behaviour
carbon dioxide
2008
07
28
747
752
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26644_243b2c9a9ffb9f6b068a57982ebaca43.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Study the Adhesion Force of Tubular Shaped Fiber Reinforced Composites
Hussein
Ali Hamid AL-Abdly
Najat
j. Saleh
Adnan
A. AbdulRazak
Hassen
Sh. Majdi
In the present work tubular –shaped fiber reinforced composites weremanufactured by using two types of resin epoxy (EP) and unsaturated polyester(UP),each was separately reinforced with glass, carbon and kevlar-49 fibers (filamentand woven roving), hybrid reinforcement composites of these fibers were alsoprepared. The adhesion force test of the prepared specimens was carried out. Theseadhesion forces exhibited a peak value at a percent of hardener/resin (H/R)= 3% forUP matrix with all type of fiber arrangements while 30% was obtained for EP matrix.Such behavior was declined with increase in temperatures. Glass transitiontemperatures were determined from these measurements, and found to be 90°C for EP–glass and 83 °C for UP –glass composites.
2008
07
28
753
761
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26645_3284e82afde0e94026da1017e1e3f830.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Design and Implementation of Synthesizable VHDL Model for General PCMCIA I/O Cards Controller
Yousra
Abd Mohammed
AbstractThe portable and nomadic computer market has driven the development ofPCMCIA Cards to address the expansion needs for the user. These cards provide avast variety of hardware devices which are rugged, credit-card sized, lightweight,and power efficient. These cards are easy to use, especially for the non-technicaluser. Since the sockets are accessible from the outside of the system, the systemdoes not have to be powered-off, opened, and rebooted to add or remove a device.This dynamic insertion and removal feature inherently makes these devices powermanageable and also allows devices to easily be shared among different computers.This paper is concerned with type II PC cards, which mean I/O cards,therefore a design and implementation of synthesizable VHDL model for controlsystem (Controller) of the PCMCIA I/O cards is presented.The implementation of the control system (controller) has been done by using veryhigh speed hardware descriptive language (VHDL) and its implementation on fieldprogramming gate array (FPGA) type Xilinx Spartan 2 (XC2S30-6 Pq208) byusing synthesis and implement tools of ISE6.3 program.The used of FPGA technology is optimal for this paper because it offers highreliability and flexibility in modifying and even developing the required designwith a reduction in the required number of hardware components, also the nonrecurring engineering cost.The timing behavior of the controller is be tested and verified to ensurethat it meets the performance requirements by using simulation tools of Active-HDL program AND Daley report of ISE program, therefore examples ofsimulation results of read/write transfers for both an attribute memory and I/Odevices are presented in this paper.
PCMCIA
type II PC cards
O Controller
VHDL
and FPGA
2008
07
28
762
776
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26647_8af055bf97204f009e973ff35899d6a5.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Dynamic Simulation of Semi-Batch Catalytic Distillation Used for Esterfication Reaction
Ziadoon
M. Shakor
Khalid
A. Sukkar
In this paper the detailed mathematical dynamic model of semi-batch reactivedistillation is formulated for ethyl acetate synthesis (estrefication reaction).The model is composed of material balance, heat balance, and equilibriumequations. The set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing theunsteady state composition profile in a semi-batch reactive distillation columnwere solved by using fourth order Runge-Kutta integration method with the aid ofthe powerful MATLAB 6.5 program which used to simulate and optimize thesemi-batch reactive distillation column.The simulation provides compositions, temperatures and holdups profilesalong the column as a function of time. Also the reactant conversion and ethylacetate purity in distillate are calculated.Finally, the simulation results are analyzed to find the optimum operatingpolicy of reflux ratio, Ethanol/Acetic acid and catalyst weight.
Reactive distillation
Esterification
semi
batch operation
Dynamic simulation
2008
07
28
777
796
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26648_2d9d25a48ff499a00a0a37a16877b1b0.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Performance Improvement of a Single Phase Induction Motor Fed by Nonsinusoidal Voltages
Jamal
A. Mohammed
The distorted voltage waveforms, which have, more or less, a high harmoniccontent, have negative impact on the long-term performance of the motor, as theycause nonsinusoidal currents in the stator and the rotor, and consequently additionallosses and distorted torque in the machine.The steady state performance of Permanent Capacitor single phase inductionmotor fed by optimal SHEPWM inverter is studied with respect to harmonics,additional losses and torque pulsations. The effectiveness of the optimal SHPWMtechnique in improving of motor performance is investigated analytically
Nonsinusoidal
single phase induction motor
SHEPWM
2008
07
28
797
811
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26650_c23ca1d924ed99dfc462b93054a09ade.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Study of tensile strength and compression strength of binary polymeric blends (High Density poly ethylene /polycarbonate)
Sanaa
A. Hafad
Balkees
M. dyaa
Mohammed
S. Waheed
In this work, HDPE/PC binary polymeric blends has been made by using the singlescrew extruder machine .The tensile strength measurements showed that this blend have higherresults reflects the homogeneity of the mixture and higher strengthcompared with that of single material the strength like HDPE or PC aloneand these values increase when blending with ratio (80/20) of (HDPE/PC);and increase more when reinforcing with E-glass fibers (1%). Also in thecompressive strength increases for blends of (80/20%) (HDPE/PC)furthermore, a composite of these blends with E-glass fiber these valuesare increased more .
Tensile test
Compression test
Polymer blends
high density poly ethylene
poly carbonate
2008
07
28
812
823
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26652_d74a49ffd836e72aafd9d01c40fb5558.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Preparation and the study optical and electrical properties of thin films for optoelectronic applications
Khalid
Z. Yahiya
Ammar
H. Jraiz
Uday
M. Nayef
Conductive transparent In2O3 thin films with (222) preferred orientation wereprepared by thermal oxidation (TO) in static air of indium thin films at condition(250°C/25 min). Detailed structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of thefilm are presented. The data are interpreted to give a direct band gap of(3.6) eV and indirect band gap of (2.5) eV. The In2O3 film has sheet resistance aslow as (20)Ω/□ . in absence of any post-deposition annealing conditions. Themobility of these films was estimated to be (31) cm2. V-1. s-1.
Thermal oxidation
thin film
figure of merit
2008
07
28
824
828
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26653_6ae8413453200cc52b6c1caf2ef45d7a.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of Orthogonal Cutting With Multi Layer Coated Tools
Maan
Aabid Tawfiq
Zeena
jumaa Ahmed
This paper focuses on the development of Finite Element Method (FEM) inmodeling and simulation of coated cutting tools with multi-layer coats. A special FiniteElement code called (MSC.MARC mentat) is used in the numerical tests, the results arethen compared with experimental work. The paper studied the effect of number of coatsof cutting tools on the following field parameters; tool-chip contact length, chipcontraction coefficient and shear angle at similar machining conditions.The metal beingmachined is (AISI 1045 steel) with orthogonal machining conditions. The three cuttingtools and models are coated with (TiN, TiN/TiC, TiN/Al2O3/TiC), while the fourth oneis uncoated.The results show good agreement between the experimental and numericaltests. Some of the results are compared with other published papers. The comparison ofthe predicted results shows good agreement with experimental tests with maximumrelative difference of (18%) for the chip contraction coefficient and contact length, and(10 %) for the shear angle. The insert with double coats shows excellent result,compared to others from point of view of chip contraction coefficient, contact length andshear angle.
FEM
tool
chip
contact length
tool coatings
multi
layer
2008
07
28
829
841
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26654_3142fa7b2fcb4b82a53549dd0dab56c8.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Improving Anodizing Efficiency by Adding Different Amounts of Aluminum Powder to Anodizing Electrolyte for Pure Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy (6063)
Uday
Sami Mohammad
Sami
A. Ajeel
Different amounts of aluminum powder (5, 7, 9 and 11g/l) were added to sulfuricacid solution of the specimens under ideal conditions previously obtained (1) and theeffect of these additions was studied to find out it's benefit on anodizing efficiency forpure aluminum and aluminum alloy (6063).The specimens were examined in different conditions using optical microscope,roughness and hardness measurements.The study shows the anodizing process was improved by adding aluminumpowder with ideal conditions and the best value of aluminum powder was 9g/l,where the thickness improved from 72.25μm at ideal conditions to 81.25μm withadding 9g/l aluminum powder and the coating ratio improved from 1.481 at idealconditions to 1.541 with adding 9g/l aluminum powder for pure aluminum, while thethickness improved from 74.56μm at ideal conditions to 82.29μm with adding 9 g/laluminum powder and the coating ratio improved from 1.417 at ideal conditions to1.471 with adding 9g/l aluminum powder for aluminum alloy (6063).The study also shows that the effective anodic current efficiency was increasedabout 12.50% when adding aluminum powder of 9g/l compared with ideal conditionsfor pure aluminum, while this value was increased about 10.20% when addingaluminum powder of 9g/l compared with ideal conditions for aluminum alloy (6063)without adding aluminum powder.It is found that the surface roughness and hardness value of specimens with addingaluminum powder of 9g/l gives the best result compared with the specimens at idealconditions and bare specimens.
aluminum powder
sulfuric acid
anodizing efficiency
Aluminum Alloy
effective anodic current efficiency
2008
07
28
842
865
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26655_fe25b0b25c88d245b84e07abfda15470.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Optical Properties of ZnTe Thin Films Prepared By Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
Mohammed
S.Mohammed
Thin films of ZnTe have been prepared by the method of chemical spray pyrolysis.The absorption and transmissions spectra are recorded in the range 400-900nm.Thespectral dependences of absorption coefficient were calculated from transmissionspectra. The allowed direct and optical band gap energy has been evaluated from(αhν)2 vs. (hν) plots. The optical constants such as extinction coefficient(k)andrefractive index (n) have been evaluated.
Thin films
Pyrolysis Technique
Transmission Spectra
Absorption coefficient
2008
07
28
866
871
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26656_b10fd6e72153a966e53c4f30af9d8408.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Design and Implementation of Programmable FIR Filter Using FPGA
Hikmat
N. Abdullah
This paper presents the design and implementation of aprogrammable Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter using ALTERA FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The filter performance is firsttested using Filter Design and Analysis (FDA) tool from Mathworks toverify magnitude response and obtain coefficient tables. The test operationincludes LPF and BPF filter types with coefficient lengths of 7 and 31respectively. The FPGA design is carried out by writing VHDL modules fordifferent filter components. The simulation waveforms, synthesis reportsand board programming files have obtained using the package QUARTUSII.ALTERA-FLEX10K10 FPGA Family with EPF10K10LC84-3 board isused as a target device for implementation purpose.
2008
07
28
872
884
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26657_ff1dcb835a70383e757e3f3d7c818343.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2008
26
7
Studing The Mechanical Properties Of Ternary Blends Of Hdpe/Pp/Abs
Zanaib
Y.Shnea
Nabeela
A. Mohammed
In this work a type of polymer blend has been prepared from mixing differentpercent (40,50,60, and 70) % of High-density polyethylene, polypropylene and adding 6%weight percent of acrylonitril-butadiene-styrene by using single-screw extruder. Theextrusion process concentrated on the homogeneous mixing manner among materialsthrough a regular selection of machine screw revolution per minute and temperature used inextrusion process. Some of mechanical properties such as impact strength, modulus ofelasticity and shore hardness of polymer blend, were determined at different weight fractionof blend. It was found that the addition (6%wt) of ABS to the binary blends HDPE/PP leadsto increase the modulus of elasticity, the impact strength and shore hardness.On the other hand increasing % HDPE content from 40 to 70wt% in HDPE/PPternary blends leads to increase the modulus of elasticity from 166.35 Mpa to 186.25 Mpa,and impact strength increase from o.o52 to o.o6 J/mm2 while decreases the shore hardnessfrom 89 to 69.
polymer blend
high density polyethylene
Polypropylene
2008
07
28
885
893
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26658_965f96938505af2f4153dc61ae61cf3b.pdf