2024-03-29T16:50:45Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1553
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Studying Mechanical Properties For Polymer Matrix Composite Material Reinforced By Fibers And Particles
The work focuses on the preparation of hybrid polymer matrix compositematerials prepared from the unsaturated polyester resin as matrix reinforced by wovenglass fiber kind ( E-glass ) and graphite particles as first group of samples and the secondgroup of samples reinforced with woven Kevlar fiber kind (49) instead of glass fiber.This work includes studying the effect of selected volume fractions ( 0% , 5% , 10% ,15% , 20% ) of graphite particles with mixture of different particle Size of ( 25 μm – 106μm ) on the properties of the prepared composite materials, Number of mechanical testswere done,they include (Tensile, Compression, Impact, Flexural Strength, Shear Stressand Hardness), which done at room temperature Result of the work shows that thevalues of (Tensile stress, Tensile elastic modulus, Fracture Toughness, Hardness)increase with the increase of graphite particle volume fraction for both groups samples.As well as the values of the (Compression elastic modulus, Flexural strength, Shearstress) increase with the increase of low values of graphite particles volume fraction forboth groups of samples. Where as the values of Impact strength of the preparedcomposite material decreased with the increases of volume fraction of graphite particlesfor both group samples. As well the result shows that the values (Tensile stress, Tensileelastic modulus, impact strength, Fracture toughness) for hybrid composite materialsreinforced by Kevlar fiber are higher than values reinforced by glass fiber instead ofKevlar fiber, While the values of (Compression stress, Flexural Strength, Shear stress,Hardness) for hybrid composite materials reinforced by glass fiber are higher than valuesreinforced by Kevlar fiber instead of glass fiber.
Composite Materials
Polyester
Glass Fibers
Kevlar fibers
2010
02
01
81
93
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27095_5b2fef5a4c63de8b2f90bc45b1615f40.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Study of The Effect of Carbon Contents on The Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steels
The Plain-Carbon steel are considered as one of the most commonmetallic materials used in engineering and industrial applications due to its abilityin altering the micro-structures and mechanical properties as the result of carboncontent. These alterations have direct effect on the corrosion rate of steel bybuilding up galvanic corrosion cells between its microscopic phases. The effect ofcarbon content on the corrosion resistance of Hypo-eutectoid plain carbon steelshaving different carbon contents such as 0.05%C , 0.2%C , 0.35%C , 0.5%C , and0.65%C have been studied using three testing durations which are 4 weeks, 6weeks, and 8 weeks and different corrosion environments such as atmosphere,fresh water, and salt water. The aim of the present work is to obtain the effect ofcarbon content on the corrosion resistance of steels in different corrosion mediumby using the weight loss technique as a function of the corrosion resistance. Theresults, which have been obtained during this work show that a correlation can bemade between corrosion rates and steels carbon content, and the corrosionresistance decreases with the increase in carbon content.
2010
02
01
94
107
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27096_a8e6dd573a9f5fb0159a8a015305bdc7.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Study of Polymer Quenchants Effect on Some Properties of Alloyed Tool Steel (X155)
This study is concerned with the effect of polymer quenching on someproperties of an alloyed tool steel (X155). Three different operations of heat treatmenthave been done including quenching, quenching with tempering and quenching withfreezing. A comparison has been done between the effect of polymeric quenchant i.e.water solution of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and the conventional quenchantsrepresented by distilled water, engine oil and food oil in having better properties. Testshave been done to the original and heat treated specimens which were Brinell hardnesstest, wear rate test and thermal conductivity test. Results had revealed that the heattreatments generally enhance the properties especially the treatment of quenching withfreezing and in most cases the polymeric quenchants gave better results than theconventional quenchants. Also a simulation to the results of the experimental work hasbeen done by using the Visual Basic language, and the results gave us an indication tothe behaviour of specimens’ properties at different concentrations of polymericquenchants over the range used in the experimental work, beside the great possibilitiesof the program in display the experiments which help in training engineers in heattreatment and testing fields.
2010
02
01
108
121
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27097_44bc0d0294f5a4f8c8e3ffca99fa626e.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Analytic Technique For Active Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
Mohammed
S. Mehde
Adawiya
J. Haider
Bushra
R. Mahdi
In this work, Aِmplitude modulation mode-locked fiber laser isstudied,by using Ytterbium Doped Fiber Laser, single mode fiber,operating with 1055 nm wavelength with 976 nm optical pump and AMMode-Locked by optical modulators. A grating pair is used to compensatethe normal dispersion. The effect of both normal and anomalous dispersionregimes on output pulses are investigated. Master equation of the Modelockingfiber laser is introduced .Pulse shapes for both dispersion regimesare assumed after modifying (Ginzburg-Landu equation) GLE which isessentially Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger equation GNLSE and byapplying the moment method ,a set of five rate equations for pulse energy,pulse width ,frequency shift ,temporally shift and chirp ,which solutionsdescribed the pulse from round trip to the next and how they approach tosteady state values. To solve these equations numerically fourth order,Runge-Kutta method is performed through Mat-Lab 7.0 computer program.Result shows that, the output pulse width from the AM mode-Lockedequals to τ=0.8ps in anomalous and τ=1ps in normal regimes. The studyshows the stability of working in anomalous dispersion regime is betterthan normal regime.
Fiber Laser
Ytterbium Doped Fiber
AM Mode Locking
Moment Method
Pulse Chirp
Pulse Energy
Pulse Width
2010
02
01
630
638
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27078_b631e41f27a0bb99245748769db1557b.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Buoyancy Heat Transfer In Staggered Dividing Square Enclosure
Ali
L. Ekaid
Ayad
F. Hameed
Ahmad
F. Mehde
In this research, the Buoyancy heat transfer and flow patterns in a partiallydivided square enclosure with staggered partitions have been studied numerically.The partitions were distributed on the lower and upper surfaces of the box instaggered manner. The height of the partitions was varied. The conduction heattransfer through the fins (partitions) was also included. It is assumed that thevertical walls of enclosure were adiabatic and its horizontal walls were maintainedat uniform but in different temperature. The problem was formulated in terms ofthe stream function-vorticity procedure. The numerical solution based on thetransformation of the governing equations by using finite difference method wasobtained. The effect of increasing the partition height and Rayleigh number oncontour maps of the stream lines and temperature were reported and discussed. Inaddition, the research presented and discussed the results of the average Nussultnumber of the enclosures heated wall at various Rayleigh number anddimensionless partition heights. The results showed that the mean Nussult numberincreases with the increasing of Rayleigh number and decreases with theincreasing of partition heights. The distributed heat by conduction through thepartition increases with the increasing of the partition height especially at(H/L ≥ 0.3). A comparison between the obtained results and the publishedcomputational studies has been made and it showed a good agreement withpercentage error not exceed (0.54%).
CFD
Buoyancy heat transfer
staggered partitions
square enclosure
2010
02
01
639
663
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27079_74b2ef5d91cb718a74d3df8531443084.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
New Proposed Algorithm To Conceals Error In Wireless Image Transmission Based on Framelet Transform
Taha
T. Abdul Qader
Atheer
A. Sabri
In this paper, we present a new proposed error concealment algorithm toimprove the image quality degraded during its transmission over wireless channel.Different error concealment strategies are applied to different locations of blocks inorder to achieve better visual quality. The proposed algorithm conceal the lost blockusing Framelet Transform (FT), this is achieved by finding the average of frameletsubbands in neighbors of the lost block. Finally, the results of this algorithm comparedwith the results of MultiWavelet Averaging (MWA) algorithm in terms of signal tonoise ratio (SNR) and human vision.
2010
02
01
664
675
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27080_e2ebc155dae4b0f25484aa4510343979.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
On-Chip RF Transformer Performance Improvement Technique
Ahmed
Saadoon Ezzulddin
Mohammed
Hussain Ali
Mutaz
Shunasi Abdulwahab
In this work, a proposed on-chip radio-frequency (RF) transformer design andlayout technique is presented to achieve high magnetic coupling coefficient andlow insertion loss by segmenting and interleaving wide primary and secondarymetal traces. Additional advantage of such technique is the mitigation of proximityeffect and current crowding. The proposed technique is verified and tested for asquare transformer, with different segmentation structures, using EMSightsimulator of Microwave Office 2007 (version 7.5) RF/Microwave software tools.By using this design and layout technique, the magnetic coupling coefficientimproves from 0.49 to over 0.72 and lowers the minimum insertion loss from1.56 dB to 1.18 dB at 4.5 GHz center frequency.
chip RF transformer
square transformer
balun transformer
performance improvement technique
magnetic coupling coefficient
insertion loss
segmenting and interleaving wide metal traces
2010
02
01
676
685
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27081_91796c9837e3cb12e73cd22971e26079.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Integrating Neural Network With Genetic Algorithms For The Classification Plant Disease
Alia
Karim Abdul Hassan
Sarah
Sadoon Jasim
In this work Aِِrtificial Neural Network (ANN) is used as a classifier capable ofrecognizing the most important features of the plant disease, with minimum errorvalue. Genetic algorithm has been used to minimize error values of the ANNclassifier. Error value of ANN classifier is defined as more than (%5). This ratiois a threshold (cut-of-value) to determine if GA is executed or not after the ANNclassifier execution. Genetic algorithm execution results in either optimal solution(%100) recognition or suggests a modified parameter to the ANN classifier(specifically learning rate and number of neurons).The result obtained fromintegrating neural network with genetic algorithm for classification plant diseasesindicates that the classifier recognizes most of input pattern with accuracy (96%).Integrating neural network with genetic algorithm for classification plant diseasesimplemented using Visual Basic version 6 programming
artificial neural network
genetic algorithm
2010
02
01
686
701
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27082_3b5da0c72747b7a7a8a362af48d056c4.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Investigation Of Heat Transfer Phenomena And Natural Flow Behavior Around A Heated Square Cylinder Placed In A Cooled Elliptical Enclosure
Sattar
J. Habeeb
In this paper, a numerical study of the effect of a hot square cylinder placed on acooled elliptical enclosure of a laminar natural convection was carried out. This problemis solved by using the partial differential equations, which are the stream vorticityformulation for the flow and heat transfer in curvilinear coordinates. An ellipticalfunction is used, which makes the coordinate transformation from the physical domainto the computational domain be set up by an analytical expression. About 48 tests areperformed for different ratios of the geometry such as, a /b =1.5,2.,3 , l /b = 0.25,0.5 ,and Rayleigh number from 103 to 106, for two position of the major axis of the ellipticalenclosure, horizontal (HEE) and vertical (VEE). The results obtained in the form ofvelocity vectors, streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number. The results show that, theincrease of the major axis of the enclosure ( a /b ratio) leads to increase the averageNusselt number and decrease the flow strength for all Rayleigh numbers. Moreover, forRa≤104, there are a little difference in the results of ave Nu for all a / b and l / b ratios,but if Ra increases, the change in the results is clear and large.
Natural Convection
elliptical enclosure
complex geometry
2010
02
01
702
722
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27083_613e6533faa488595a3afe789b7c01f4.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Transparent Oxide MgO Thin Films Prepanred By Reactive Pused Laser Deposition
Evan
T. Salem
Farhan
A.Mohamed
Transparent dielectric thin films of MgO have been deposited on glasssubstrates at different oxygen pressure between (50-300) mbar using a pulsed laserdeposition technique to ablation of Mg target in the presence of oxygen as reactiveatmosphere. Structural, and optical, properties of these films have beeninvestigated. The films crystallize in a cubic structure and X-ray diffractionmeasurements have shown that the polycrystalline MgO films prepared at oxygenpressure (200) mbar and substrate temperature (150°C) with (111) and (002)orientations. The films deposited at oxygen pressure between (150-300) mbar andsubstrate temperature (150°C) exhibited highest optical transmittivity (>80%) andthe direct band gap energy was found to be 5.01 eV at oxygen pressure (200) mbar.The measured of the resistivity of the film prepared at oxygen pressure (200) mbarand substrate temperature (150°C) was 1.45x107Ω cm.
laser deposition
Thin films
Magnesium oxide
2010
02
01
723
729
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27084_4208339a871b2954541a68956539bc56.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Studying The Effect of Copper And Zinc Ions on The Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel
Nervana
A. Abd Alameer
An experimental work was performed to study the effect of Zn, Cu ions onthe corrosion rate of carbon steel in distilled and tap water solution containing, 25& 50 ppm concentration of Zn, Cu ions at pH range 4, 6 &8 in distilled water andat pH8 in tap water at room temperature under both static for 10 weeks and 1, 2,6 &12 hours with dynamic conditions. The obtained results showed that thecorrosion rate was increased in the presence of 50 ppm of Cu ions in tap water(2.326 mpy) after 10 weeks, under static conditions, whereas under dynamicconditions, it was reached (10.511 mpy), the presence of fine suspended solidparticles in the solutions may also cause an increase in corrosion rate due to theirmovement over the carbon steel surface .In contrast, the presence Zn ions insolution as sacrificial anode, therefore, the corrosion rate was 2.24 times less thanthat in presence of Cu ions, at the same conditions. In distilled water, thecorrosion rates were decreasing slightly with adding Zinc and copper ionscomparing to absence of metals ions in solution except at pH4 in the presence50ppm of Cu ions may be accounted due to the increasing in the conductivity ofthe solution, under static conditions. At 25ppm of Zn ions lowering in corrosionrate may be explained that the Zn ions were protected carbon steel surface bysacrificial. In the absence of Zn, Cu ions were also carried out.
carbon steel
n ions
tap distilled water
2010
02
01
730
742
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27085_74a6fa55962f74b610f6596f91719a8d.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
The Effect Of Constraint Length And Interleaver On The Performance Of Turbo Code
Suad
A. Essa
Eman
F. Khalil
Najat
Sh. Jasim
This paper presents a class derived from convolutional code called turbo code. Theperformance of turbo code is investigated through examining the effect of different constraintlength, the effect of changing rate, and the effect of interleaver on the performance of turbocode with presence burst errors.The performance of turbo code is investigates through computer simulation, by usingMATLAB program.The simulation encoder is composed of two identical RSC component encoder with parallelconcatenated, separated by interleaver.The turbo code simulation results are showngraphically for different constraint length, in hard and soft decision. Also the simulationresults are shown for case with interleaver and without interleaver.
2010
02
01
743
758
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27086_511c6f65c28df80468c845f358526c60.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Prediction of Surface Roughness In Ceramic Cutting Tool Using SPSS Model
Saad
Kariem Shather
The aim of this study is to predict surface roughness of workpiece whichmachined by ceramic cutting tool using SPSS program and compare the resultswith the experimental values which performed under different cuttingconditions.Cutting speed (60,80, 90,100,110 m/min ) and feed rate ( 0.1, 0.08, 0.3,mm/rev ) and depth of cut ( 0.25, 0.5 ,0.7mm ) . Experiments were conducted topredict the surface roughness of workpiece , the estimated result shows that thereis good greement between average experiments values such as Ra ( 1.27,0.92 )and predicted values of Ra ( 1.2024, 0.8254 ) and Ra (2.15 ) also value ( 2.2774 )and experimental values of Ra ( 2.51, 1.78 ).
ceramic cutting tool
Surface Roughness
mechanical machining
2010
02
01
759
767
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27087_e588dba08e408d1450dec2d647f0ada0.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Effect of Different Chemical Solution On Tensile Strength of Polymer Composite
Emad
S. AL-Hassani
Sheelan
R. Areef
Hand lay- up technique was used to prepare sheets of epoxy composites reinforcedwith woven roven (0ο-90ο) glass fiber in weight fraction (50%).The sheets were left tosolidify at room temperature (23± 2οC). The samples immersed in (HCL, KOH, distilledwater, Benzene, and Kerosene) for equal time at constant temperature (23± 2) Cο. Thetensile strength was calculated for the samples before and after immersion in differentchemical solutions.The result shown that the tensile strength of the samples decreased after immersion indifferent solutions, while (Kerosene) solution has maximum effect in decreasing thetensile strength of the sample, the (Benzene) solution has minimum effect indecreasing the tensile strength of the sample, and the other solutions (distilled water,HCL, KOH) located between them in different ratio.Finally the samples immersed in (HCL) solution has maximum relative mass(minimum absorption resistance) while the sample immersed in distilled water hasminimum relative mass (maximum absorption resistance).
2010
02
01
768
774
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27088_f633b57a00c8b22c0af5aa6c3f18a1d1.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Simple Adaptive Tracking Approach For Nonmaneuvering And Maneuvering Target
Yousra
Abd Mohammed
This article suggest a simple adaptive approach for tracking thenonmaneuvering and maneuvering target, this tracking approach uses two states percoordinate model to describe the target motion, the residue that provides from thisfilter is forms the sufficient statistic to detect the existence of maneuver by fadingmemory detector (FMD) with two-threshold value. When the residue exceeds one onthe threshold value, it is used to vary the maneuver noise spectral density (q) in thetwo states Kalman filter model. This approach is consider as an extended andenhanced for the Castella tracking filter [3] which proposed to track the maneuveringtargets for a low data rate track-while-scan (TWS) operation. However, theperformance of the suggested approach is tested under different flight environments tocompare the effectiveness of it with the performance of the Castella tracking filter.
adaptive tracking filter
two state Kalman filter
FMD detection scheme
maneuvering target
2010
02
01
775
784
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27089_1e7a46763f5d3eb18b7a7e8fcc66bc2a.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
A Study on The Effect Of Temperature on The Treatment of Industrial Wastewater Using Chlorella Vulgaris Alga
Rana
Abbas Azeez
Laboratory experiments were performed to study nutrient uptake by theunicellular green microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris ) grown in batch system uses Al-Asady Factory for Seeds and Animal Feed (Mahmodia/Iraq) industrial wastewateras culture media .The initial concentration of C.vulgaris was 1*10 6 cells/ml with48 hrs of incubation in wastewater at different temperatures ranges (20-35)°Cwhere changes in COD, BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration inthe effluent were calculated.The results show that the removal efficiencies of COD ,BOD ,nitrogen andphosphorus are 88%, 89%,92% and 89% respectively. The optimum temperatureat which highest removal efficiencies were obtained was 30°C.
wastewater treatment
Nutrient removal
microalgae
Chlorella vulgaris
2010
02
01
785
792
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27090_8bae5ea5a7001fbb7e7c3fde2cb9e736.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
A Neural Network Based Fuzzy Controller For Pneumatic Circuit
Mohammed
Yousif Hassan
Pneumatic circuits are widely used in industrial automation, such as drilling,sawing, squeezing, gripping, and spraying. Furthermore, they are used in motioncontrol of materials and parts handling, packing machines, machine tools, foodprocessingindustry and in robotics.In this paper, a Neural Network based Fuzzy PI controller is designed andsimulated to increase the position accuracy in a pneumatic servo circuit where thepneumatic circuit consists of a proportional directional control valve connected with apneumatic rodless cylinder. In this design, a well-trained Neural Network with asimplest structure provides the Fuzzy PI controller with suitable input gains dependingon feedback representing changes in position error and changes in external load force.These gains should keep the positional response within minimum overshoot,minimum steady state error and compensate the effect of applying external load force.A comparison between this type of controller with a conventional PID type shows thatthe PID controller failed to keep the cylinder position with minimum steady state errorand failed to compensate the effect of applying external load force as compared withthe results when using a Neural Network based Fuzzy PI type controller. This isbecause of nonlinearities that exist in the pneumatic circuit. Thus, the positionresponse using Neural Network based Fuzzy PI controller is better with an average ofimprovement in position accuracy of (11 %).
2010
02
01
793
806
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27091_000888dd10fb8fbad8add2822532e290.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Using Fuzzy System To Control Cell Multiplexing In Atm Networking
Faisal
Abdullah
Khalook
Y
Nazhat
Saeed Abdul-Razaq
The aim of this research is to design and simulate a fuzzy logiccontroller (FLC) to control the cell multiplexing in Asynchronous TransferMode(ATM) networking , which is a high performance cell oriented switchingtechnology that utilizing of small size packet to carry different types of service fortraffic and to show the effect of using the fuzzified variables (queuing messagelength and the number of inputs) on cell flow rate (control action) on the output of(FLC).The paper presents the previous works, principles of operations, cellmultiplexing, principles of fuzzy logic and internetworking with ATM network, thedesign process of system and the output of simulation. The cell flow rate on theoutput of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) which has been simulated depends on theinput variables, one of them is the queuing message (message length), and thesecond one is the number of inputs. The simulation of fuzzy controller has beenexecuted by using (MATLAB). In the light of this research, an importantconclusion can be drawn, is that increasing of the fuzzified inputs variables meansthat cell queuing will increasing so the (FLC) will achieve size of packet to belarge then the flow bit-rate of cell (control action) will decrease and when thenumber of inputs decreases that will let to achieve a high flow bit-rate as(M.Q=0.5,N=o.5,the control action (cell rate) =0.5 cells/s) and if (M.Q=0.2, N=0.5,the control action(cell rate=0.77 cells/s).Using parameters such as ( messagelength and No. of inputs)as fuzzified variables in controlling cell multiplexinggives a flexible and a high speed responding to sudden changes in selectivevariables and get bit-rate which reduces time delay for different types ofservices(text, image, video and audio) which cause to get a high throughput, that isthe maximum throughput under FLC parameters (with message length and No. ofinputs) is (562.7Mbit/s) for text message, (568Mbit/s) for image message,(563.4Mbit/s) for the video message and (563.4Mbit/s) for audio message
Fuzzy Controller
ATM
Cell Multiplexing
2010
02
01
807
826
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27092_445b0c3e33a1f42bd60ff0cb0acc17f0.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
Hybrid Information Hiding Technique Using Parametric Spline and DFT
Hanaa
M
Hala
Bahjat Abdul Wahab
Abdul
Monem S. Rahma
Information hiding is a means to conical and transmitting information usingapparently innocent carrier without depiction any suspicions. This paper presents anew means for information hiding based images by using Hybrid of ParametricSpline and DFT. A set of control points, which represents secret key, are selectsrandomly from the carrier , and a curve pass by the selected control points isimplement using B-Spline. A hiding process for the secret message bits tacksplace on the spectral real part of the intensity pixels where the B-Spline curvepasses by using LSB technique, followed by the IDFT. The paper also presents theinformation hiding features, and techniques for images, and Interpolationtechniques. The Objective fidelity criteria are depicts the improvements inalgorithm with an application example.
information hiding
DFT
Parametric Spline Curve
Hybrid
2010
02
01
827
835
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27093_044bdbdb0e2ee7ca7c4d2ad329b4a91d.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
4
An Investigation of Object Shadows Utilization In 3D Shape Re-Construction Using Inexpensive Equipment
Ghassan
A. Al-Kindi
Ali
Abbar Khleif
An approach for automatic 3D object re-construction using its shadow ispresented. The approach investigates the use of information inherited by thegenerated object shadows to re-construct the object geometry. An algorithm isdeveloped that make use of object height information for the directions associatedwith the incident light and the generated object shadows, hence, acquired heightfeatures represents the object features that have actually obstructed the incidentlight. The technique is tested using objects of different shapes. Close to realmeasurements are gained and the overall accuracy of the system is found to bewithin 0.75 mm using the adopted imaging hardware and setup. Obtained resultsconfirmed the validity of the proposed approach.
CAD
D object Re
Construction
Robot vision applications
2010
02
01
836
852
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27094_963150c528889c59270d1a42b731c38a.pdf