2024-03-29T19:35:37Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1592
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Studying the Physical Properties of System (Al-BuC) Composite
The aim of this research is studying some physical properties (bulk density,apparent density, apparent porosity percentage, water absorption percentage) formetal matrix composite material. Aluminum matrix consists boron carbide particlesas a reinforced phase. Different percents (0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of (B4C)have been used. powder technology process is used for preparing the specimens,the results shows that the bulk and apparent density decrease, apparent porositypercentage and water absorption percentage were increasing as percentage of (B4C)particles increase.
2010
05
01
485
494
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27474_3f0e420bb5b2594ed70f4b26016fe4e6.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on CuO Thin Film Prepared by PLD
In this study, thin films of CuO were deposited on glass substrates usingthermal laser evaporation technique. The structure characterization of the film wascarried out with XRD. The results of XRD show that all samples have apolycrystalline .The optical measurements on the deposited films were performedto determine the transmission spectrum and the absorption coefficient as afunction of incident wave length. Then from the optical parameters, extinctioncoefficient, dielectric constant with two part real and imaginary part, value andtype of energy gap, type of the dominant absorption processes, real and complexrefractive index as functions of incident photon energy, were determined. Theenergy gap is found to be equal to 1.8 eV for CuO that is direct transfer . Thisresults is agree to the results given by other researchers. Then thin films annealedthermal rapid by using halogen lamp .The annealing influence very much to thinfilm by addition an enhancement to the thin films
2010
05
01
495
507
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27476_caaa8ba5cafcf2693ec1e29106d75d0c.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Some Physical And Mechanical Properties of Fabricated Hydroxyapatite Used For Hard Tissue Healing
Kahtan
khalaf Al-Khazraji
Waleed
Asim Hanna
Payman
Suhbat Ahmed
This work focuses on studying the role of drying and calcination onstiochiometry and crystallinity of deposited HA. Also, studying the effect of sinteringtemperature on phases generated, physical and mechanical properties of sintered HApowder compact at a range of (800-1200) ˚C.Both Ca/P ratio and crystallinity were increased after calcination, where the Ca/Pratio raised from 1.7 to 1.9 and the height of Hydroxyapatite peak intensity was alsoincreased .Secondary phases also appeared.X-ray diffraction patterns and electrical microscopic pictures of polished surfacesof the Hydroxyapatite compact after sintering had revealed the process ofdensification and crystallization of Hydroxyapatite . The increase of sinteringtemperature leads to grain growth, while surface cracking and other defects becamelower i.e. porosity and surface voids.Both hardness and fracture strength were increased for samples sintered at hightemperatures where they reached their maximum values at sintering temperature(1200)ºC .The maximum linear shrinkage was 20% at sintering temperature 1200ºC.The maximum bulk density was (2.173) g/cm3 at sintering temperature of 1200ºCand the maximum apparent density was (2.58) g/cm3 at sintering temperature 900ºC.The maximum apparent and open porosities were 47.136% and 47.058% respectivelyat sintering temperature 900ºC. The maximum water absorption was 39.13% atsintering temperature 800ºC.
Bioceramics
preparation of Hydroxyapatite
Bioactive Hydroxyapatite
Reinforcement of Hydroxyapatite
2010
05
01
1880
1892
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27441_5ac06ae40de542878aa76bca80a6d86b.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Least Squares Method For Solving Integral Equations With Multiple Time Lags
Suha
N. Shehab
Hayat
Adel Ali
Hala
Mohammed Yaseen
The main purpose of this work is to propose an approximate method to solveintegral equation with multiple time lags (IEMTL) namely least squares methodwith aid of Chebyshev polynomials of (first, second, third, and fourth)kinds.Example is given as an application of least squares method with aid of four kindsof Chebyshev polynomials.
KEYWORDS
Integral Equation
Time lag
Least squares method
Chebychev polynomials
2010
05
01
1893
1899
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27442_359412d75b0eb9b2e543777cb0276eb9.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Flow Zones In Unsaturated Soil Due To Barometric Pumping
Talib
R. Abbas
Muhammad
A.Abdul-Majeed
Inmar
N.Ghazi
The study of gas flow in unsaturated soil is important for better modeling ofvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) transport. A gas flow in unsaturated soil can beinduced naturally by the atmospheric pressure fluctuation. Oscillations in barometricpressure are both diurnal, corresponding to daily heating and cooling of theatmosphere, and of longer time periods, resulting from the passage of weather fronts.Daily variations will average about 4 to 5 mbar while those due to weather frontpassage can be 25 mbar or more.A one-dimensional conceptual model was used to investigate the advectivegas flow zones in the subsurface induced by the natural atmospheric pressurefluctuation. From analytical solution, it is clear that the gas phase inside unsaturatedzone moves with sinusoidal velocity whose amplitude decrease with depth. Two zonescan be distinguished. First in which the gas phase can reach the soil surface andcontinuously mixed with clean air. The depth "Penetration Depth" of this zone mayrange from 0.05m to 0.8m. Second is "Oscillation Zone" in which the air oscillatesaround its original position but still remains in the soil. Maximum air displacementtoward the upper boundary may reach 0.24m when the depth of the lowerimpermeable boundary is 10m. This displacement is more as the lower impermeableboundary is deeper. The mixing of air above penetration depth with clean air abovesoil surface and the oscillation of air below penetration depth may have a significanteffect on natural VOCs transport and fate in the soil region within these depths.
Barometric pumping
Volatile organic compounds
unsaturated zone
Mathematical Modeling
Advective transport
2010
05
01
1900
1909
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27445_56eb11883e57f45f03838a98e1dd44df.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of High Strength Lightweight Concrete Beams
Farked
Kais Ibrahim
This research work presents a nonlinear finite element investigation on thebehavior of lightweight reinforced concrete beams. This investigation is carriedout in order to get a better understanding of their behavior throughout the entireloading history.The three-dimensional 20-node brick elements are used to model theconcrete, while the reinforcing bars are modeled as axial members embeddedwithin the concrete brick elements. The compressive behavior of concrete issimulated by an elastic-plastic work-hardening model followed by a perfectlyplastic response, which terminated at the onset of crushing. In tension, a fixedsmeared crack model has been used .The effect of some important parameters(ƒ'c , rw ,a/d) have been investigated to study their influence on the predicted loaddeflectioncurves
nonlinear
finite element
Lightweight
beams
2010
05
01
1910
1923
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27446_fc17fd5e979318652aed80528a1819f9.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
The Artin's Exponent of A Special Linear Group SL(2,2k)
Mohammed
Serdar I.Kirdar
Lemia
Abd Alameer Hadi
The set of all n×n non singular matrices over the field F form a group underthe operation of matrix multiplication, This group is called the general linear groupof dimension n over the field F, denoted by GL(n,F) .The subgroup from this group is called the special linear group denoted by SL(n,F).We take n=2 and F=2k where k natural, k>1. Thus we have SL (2,2k).Our work in this thesis is to find the Artin's exponent from the cyclic subgroups ofthese groups and the character table of it's.Then we have that: a SL(2,2k ) is equal to 2k-1 .
Linear Group
Special Group
Exponent
2010
05
01
1924
1933
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27449_d75cf044696fcc78013d1736d2e46aee.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Power Control of Series-Parallel Resonant Inverter For Induction Heating Using Buck Converter
Turki
K. Hassan
Enaam
A. Ali
The purpose of this work is to study, analyze, and design a half-bridge seriesparallelresonant inverter for induction heating applications. A pulse width modulation(PWM)-based double integral sliding mode voltage controlled buck converter isproposed for control the induction heating power. This type of controller is used inorder to obtain very small steady state error, stable and fast dynamic response, androbustness against variations in the line voltage and converter parameters. A smallinduction heating coil is designed and constructed. A carbon steel (C45) cylindricalbillet is used as a load. The induction heating load parameters (RL and LL) aremeasured at the resonant frequency of 85 kHz. The parameters of the resonant circuitare chosen for operation at resonant. The inverter is operated at unity power factor byphased locked loop (PLL) control irrespective of load variations, with maximumcurrent gain, and practically no voltage spikes in the switching devices at turn-off,therefore no snubber circuit is used for operation at unity power factor. A powerMOSFET transistor is used as a switching device for buck converter and the IGBTtransistor is used as a switching device for the inverter. A complete designed system issimulated using Matlab/Simulink. All the electronic control circuits are designed andimplemented. The practical results are compared with simulation results to verify theproposed induction heating system. A close agreement between simulation andpractical results is noticed and a good performance is achieved.
2010
05
01
1934
1959
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27450_6d51730424462ed52c83de2825d7b85d.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Diffusivity of water in Unplasticised PVC
Awham
M.H
Zaid
Ghanem M. Salih
The current study concerns an investigation of diffusion mechanism ofdifferent kinds of water into thermoplastic material (type unplasticised PVC,(UPVC)) that is often used as pipes for healthy draining purposes and otherservices.After preparation of samples from this material, they were immersed in glasscontainers which contain (sea water, river water, rain water, distilled water, andtap water), the weights of these samples are measured at periodic time of soaking.The aim of this work is introducing an idea about the diffusion behavior and thepenetration of water through the material under study, then, the values of diffusioncoefficient (Dx) are evaluated for each type of water mentioned above.After comparing the obtained results from these tests, it is found that the distilledwater has the higher value of (DX) into the (UPVC) material, it is followed by thesea water and then the rainwater, while each of the river and tap water record thelowest values.
Diffusion coefficient
Thermoplastic material
weight gain
Fick
2010
05
01
1960
1966
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27451_85bed00c1123bcc141c5f8bc07e44aea.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Proposal of New Block Cipher Algorithm
Hilal
Hadi Salih
Ahmed
Tariq Sadiq
Alaa
K. Farhan
Speed and complexity are two important properties in the block cipher.The block length of the block cipher controls these two aspects. The speedlimitation enforces the designer to build block cipher system as hardwareprototype. In the same manner, the key complexity aspect acts as increasing theblock length, which will cause the increasing of complexity. In this paper, aproposed block cipher algorithm will be presented. Which includes non-linearfunction with new random key generators to generate all keys and a new approachfor S-box is used in this algorithm.
2010
05
01
1967
1981
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27452_d506a1710e0fde2e09842b8505bf294e.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Effect of Uv Radiation on Dielectric Constant And Thermal Conductivity In Epoxy Phenol Blends
Emad
S. AL-Hassani
Epoxy-phenol system were prepared and studied before and after reinforcing withglass fibers (woven roven 0ο-90ο direction) with volume fraction (vf = 48%). Thesamples irradiated with uv radiation with wave length (λ= 320 nm), irradiation energy(1.5 watt/ cm2) for 50 hours. The dielectric constant and thermal conductivitymeasured for all samples before and after irradiation with uv radiation. The resultsshowed that the increasing percentage of phenolic resin in the blends decreasing thedielectric constant and thermal conductivity of all samples before and after irradiationwith uv radiation. While the results before irradiation showed the effect of glass fibersin increasing the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity. Finally the resultsshowed that the dielectric constant decreased, thermal conductivity increased for allsamples after irradiation with uv radiation.
2010
05
01
1982
1990
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27454_25c320571dcfd06e79f4cd944c10ee50.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Effect of Chemical Treatment on The Some Electrical And Thermal Properties For Unsaturated Polyester Composites Using Banana Fibers
Rafah
A. Nassif
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the chemicaltreatment of banana fibers on the physical properties of composites. Banana fiberswere treated with 10% sodium hydroxide and some physical tests were carried outlike: dielectric strength, dielectric constant, and thermal conductivity. The resultswere compared with untreated fibers composites and virgin unsaturated polyester.The results showed that the chemical treatment improved the dielectric strengthand thermal conductivity by about 29.37% and 139% respectively compared withuntreated fiber composites. Finally, the dielectric constant value of the treatedfiber composite was found to be lower than the untreated fiber composite andvirgin unsaturated polyester.
Banana fiber
Chemical treatment
Electrical and thermal properties
composites
2010
05
01
1991
1996
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27455_3a69d3fb7fd39de42e978d699f259546.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Effect of Heat Treatment on Changes In The Crystalline Domains In Mylar Film
N.
N. Rammo
M.
Abd-Sattar Mohammed
A.
H. Abd Al-Razak
Changes in the crystalline domains caused by heat treating Mylar filmsbetween Tg to 240 oC have been studied by Fourier Transform Infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Prior to glass transition temperature, shrinkage in the film is insignificant, but progresses rather abruptly as melting point is approached bringing the smooth film surface to rather wrinkle.The absorbance increase in the FTIR spectra is due to the thickened film caused by shrinking rather than the improvement in the crystalline orientation. XRD on the other hand show that heat treatment of the film near melting point only reduces the contribution of the crystalline domains in the direction [100] in favor of other direction namely rather than on the account of loosing order in favor of the amorphous regions.
Mylar film
Crystalline domains
FTIR
XRD
Crystallinity
2010
05
01
1997
2004
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27459_b4394ca8cc9bb42830845c65bbbf8ed1.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
New Technique For Reducing Symmetry Mapping In Colored FIC Based on Moments Features
Abdul-Monem
S.Rahma
Raheem
A. S. Ugla
This paper studded the effect of symmetry mapping process on thecompression parameters of the fractal color image compression by momentfeatures was studded. Feature of moment utilized to reduction the symmetry mapping from 8 to only one. The operation of reduction is achieved by using predictor to symmetry mappings; the predictor will predict specific symmetry mapping according a specific feature of moments to one of eight. Such that eight versions (blocks) are produced for each domain block, so this case needs 8 mappings and it requires more computational time. Our suggestion will directly reduce the encoding time 1:8 times.
frame Compression
Fractal Image Compression
Isometric Process
MOMENTS FEATURES
2010
05
01
2005
2014
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27460_e538d991feea632acda0bf8f411f0ab5.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Studying The Dielectric and Structural Properties of Baxsr1-Xtio3 (BST) Ferroelectric System Prepared by Using Oxalic Acid Route
Sabah
M. Ali Ridha
Rawa
A. Helal
BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) ferroelectric nano, poly crystalline systems wereprocessed with three concentrations (x = 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9) using a technique knownas oxalic acid route. The XRD spectra were analyzed, and used Scherer formula toestimate the crystallite size of the products, which reached to 15.4 nm at x = 0.5. Itis found that increasing of Sr+2 cations help to decrease the crystallite size ofBaxSr1-xTiO3 system and the tetragonality c/a increases when the crystallite sizeincreases. In physical tests we conclude that the oxalic acid method is a goodmethod to prepare a BST ferroelectric phase with high density (5.05, 5.5 and 5.45)gm/cm3, and small porosity (16, 8, and11) % for (x = 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9)respectively.
Ferroelectric
polar materials
BST
2010
05
01
2015
2026
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27463_ee5710fbce170265efec0fab2796b557.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
A Study of Chaotic Behavior of Heat Transfer In Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed
e
Al-Rubeai
Jamal
Mane
Nabeel
Majid Aliwi
Fluidized beds are characterized by high heat transfer rates between thebed and internal surfaces and have uniform temperature distribution that can beachieved in fluidized bed systems. In the same time there is a chaotic behavior ofhydrodynamic and heat transfer in gas-solid fluidized bed.Experimental work was carried out in gas-solid (air – sand) fluidized bed toinvestigate the steady state heat transfer coefficient. The bed column used was(172) mm in diameter and (1000) mm height, fitted with immersed cylindricalheating element of (25.4) mm in diameter. The fluidizing medium was air flowingat different velocities from fixed bed to fluidized bed of (0.006-0.078)m/s, andthree different sizes of fine sand particles were used (i.e. 63, 112, and 145 μm),these average particles diameters were estimated by two methods (Wide andNarrow Range Solids).A comparison have been done with values of the minimum fluidizing velocity thatcalculated analytically, empirical, and which got experimentally. The results showa chaotic behavior of hydrodynamic gas-solid fluidized bed.The heat transfer coefficient and the bed viodage increase with increasing gasfluidizing velocity and the heat transfer coefficient decreases with an increase inparticle diameter.Two empirical correlations are proposed which can calculate wide range solids andnarrow range solids based on experimental data. The Nusselt number presentedwith some dimensionless groups as follows:-For Wide Range Solids Nu = 0.81Re0.94 Pr0.35Where the correlation coefficient (R) was equal to (0.92) and the average absoluterelative error was (12.62 %).For Narrow Range Solids Nu = 0.45Re0.65 Pr0.33Where the correlation coefficient (R) was equal to (0.86) and the average absoluterelative error was (24.2 %).
Fluidized bed
heat transfer
Gas
Solid
2010
05
01
2027
2042
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27464_9b4669a9c8f4cf3fba3859c8997db50c.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
A Multiband Fractal Dipole Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications
Jawad
K. Ali
Essam
M. Abdul-Baki
Mahir
H. Hammed
mmunication applications. The proposed fractal antenna design is based onfractal geometry of the second level tent function transformation. Due to theresulting geometrical structures of a fractal tent function curve depend on thestarting angles of the initial tent function, many dipole antennas have beenmodeled and the corresponding radiation characteristics have been evaluated.Theoretical performance of these antennas has been calculated using the methodof moments (MoM) electromagnetic simulator, IE3D. Simulation results of manytent fractal dipole antennas which have been modeled show that all of theseantennas have multiband resonate behavior, but this resonate behavior is differentaccording to the starting angle for each antenna. The results have shown that theseantennas have acceptable performance for VSWR ≤ 2 (return loss ≤ -10 dB),using a 50W feed line, at most of the resonating frequencies. This feature providesantenna designer with more degree of freedom, and makes the proposed antenna(or its monopole counterpart) suitable for use in the modern multi-functionscommunication systems
Fractal Antenna
multiband antenna
printed dipole antenna
IFS
2010
05
01
2043
2053
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27467_f9805484d71e30d45558a62fa4261a0b.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Numerical Simulation of Buoyancy- Driven Laminar Flow Through An Air –Filled Isosceles Triangular Enclosure With A Differentially Heated Side Walls And An Adiabatic Bottom Wall
Ahmed
Kadhim Hussein
Salam
Hadi Hussain
Thermal And Flow Fields Due To Laminar Free Convection In An IsoscelesTriangular Enclosure Having Thick Conducting Sidewalls Have Been InvestigatedComputationally. Inclined Left And Right Side Walls Are Maintained AtIsothermal Hot And Cold Temperatures Respectively While The Bottom Wall IsConsidered Adiabatic. Problem Has Been Analyzed And The Non-DimensionalGoverning Equations Are Solved Using Finite Volume Approach And EmployingMore Nodes At The Fluid–Solid Interface. Triangular Enclosure Is Assumed ToBe Filled With An Air With A Prandtl Number Of 0.7. Rayleigh Number VariesFrom 103 To 106 Where The Flow And Thermal Fields Are Computed For VariousRayleigh Numbers. Consequently, It Was Observed That The Stream FunctionAnd Temperature Contours Strongly Change With High Rayleigh Number. TheStreamline And Isotherm Plots And The Variations Of The Average NusseltNumber At The Hot Left And The Cold Right Side Walls Are Also Presented. TheResults Explained A Good Agreement With Another Published Results.
free convection
Fvm
Buoyancy
Driven Flow
Isosceles Triangular Enclosure
Laminar Flow
2010
05
01
2054
2069
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27469_e43825773efab4098185615255f476d4.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Removal of Cadmium(II) Onto Granular Activated Carbon And Kaolinite Using Batch Adsorption
Jenan
A. Al-Najar
Ramzy
S. H
Zaydoon
M. S
The removal of Cd(II) onto granular activated carbon (GAC) and kaolinite in singlecomponent systems has been studied using batch adsorption. Batch adsorption studied werecarried out under various amount of GAC and Kaolinite, Cd(II) ion concentration, pH andcontact time. The experimental data was analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cd(II) was determined fromLangmuir isotherm equation and found to be 3.002 mg/g for GAC and 1.837 mg/g forkaolinite. Pore diffusion model for batch adsorption is used to predict the concentrationdecaycurve for adsorption of Cd(II) onto GAC and kaolinite.
adsorption
GAC
Kaolinite Isotherm
Pore diffusion model
2010
05
01
2070
2080
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27471_0ba63bed0b7710ebfd287e3c0290cb29.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2010
28
10
Quantum Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Rana
Fareed Ghani
Simulated annealing (SA) has been considered as a good tool for searchand optimization problems which represent the abstraction of obtaining thecrystalline structure through a physical process. This algorithm works sequentiallythat the current state will produce only one next state. That will make the search tobe slower and the important drawback is that the search may fall in local minimumwhich represent the best solution in only part of the solution space. In this workwe present the transformation of Simulated Annealing algorithm into quantumversion which will be called Quantum Simulated Annealing (QSA). Thisalgorithm will overcome the drawbacks of slowness and local minimum falling byproduce as much as possible of the neighbor states and work on in parallel byexploiting the massive parallelism feature in quantum computation. The resultsshow that QSA can find the optimal path in smaller number of iterations than thesequential simulated annealing algorithm and the time complexity of QSA isbetter than any other parallel simulated annealing algorithm.
Quantum computation
Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Grover Algorithm
2010
05
01
2081
2090
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27473_d9da0574550f2f73aba3c36cead2fa26.pdf