2024-03-29T20:11:02Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=4112
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Effect of Zinc Addition on the Density and Wear Rate of Al-12Si Compacts
Mahde
Mter Hanoon
This research aimed to prepareAl-12Si alloys by powder metallurgy method because of its commercial and technological importance. Aluminum and Silicon powders were used, then mixed and blended together and classified into four parts, carbon powder was added to the three parts (5,10 and 15% wt) and the last remain as it is. These powders were mixed to ensure a good distribution of Zinc powder, and then they compacted in is ostatic cold pressure at 10 ton, the compact samples were sintered in furnace under argon gas at 530°C for one hour, These samples were then prepared (grinded, polished and etched) for them icrostructure examination, density, porosity, microhardness, X-ray diffraction and wear resistance. The results showed anincrease in the density and the hardness with addition ratio.
Si alloys
composite materials matrix Al
powder metallurgy
master alloys
2012
10
01
382
391
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66159_e93b1daa5d5152f9610be0b6f06d1de2.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Use of Randomized Complete Block Design to Demonstrate the Impact of Types of Fertilizer on the amount of Rice Production
Asmaa
Nuaman Abd Al jabbar
The interest in agriculture since ancient time is one of the priorities of human being because of their relationship and direct contact in his life in terms of providing food for himself and his animals, which was relied upon to produce the daily foodstuff in addition to being used for his travels is vital, so the development of this interest depending on the years and states tried hardly to reach the highest agricultural production to cover the growing of population and provide food for them and building a strong economy which in turn leads to the creation of investment in the areas of all agricultural (tangles form the user - the product), which in turn moves the economy, which prevents the country such as Iraq from a country a yield economy depends entirely on the oil only to country multi-sector (different), especially in the long term in mapping the state in economic development, development and access as an inevitable result of sustainable development with a basis of the individual and the community all that is not only through scientific studies and accurate drawing to the road-related agricultural production to determine the causes of failures and try to resolve the dilemmas facing this important production and achieve food security as this was our search for simple rice crop and the effects of fertilizer on the production of a society based on the course of the Iraqi reality.
2012
10
01
392
404
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66160_e85dd4800823aaa453ea0e63c9514362.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Experimental Study on Enhancement of Single-Basin Solar Still Using Dye Solutions
Kadhim
H. S. AL-Zaedy
An enhancement of single slope solar still using different dye solutions was studied experimentally. Single-basin solar still can be used for water desalination. Probably, they are considered the best solution for water production in remote, arid to semi-arid, small communities, where fresh water is unavailable. However, the amount of distilled water produced per unit area is somewhat low which makes the singlebasin solar still unacceptable in some instances. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of using different dye solutions in a solar still, and thus enhance the productivity of water. Experimental results show that the productivity of distilled water was enhanced for some materials. Using Methyline Blue solution increased the daily water productivity by 18%. While using Methyle Orange solution increased by 28 %. Also the better efficiency of 74.3 % has taken when using Methyle Orange solution compared with efficiency of 62.53 % when Methylene Blue solution was used while the better efficiency is 58.89 % when only water used in still. Therefore it is concluded the productivity of water still per unit area is increased when using dye solutions as Methylene Blue solution and Methyle Orange solution.
Single basin type
Solar still
Desalination
Enhancers
Absorbing materials
2012
10
01
3112
3125
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66087_82559d7ff751fd1891e5df34909377ac.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
SWOT Analysis for Current Situation in Najaf Center
Abdul
Razzak Ziboon
Imzahim
Abdul Kareem Alwan
Hadeel
J. Ali
This paper presents an analysis situation of Najaf Center. It uses to determine all internal resources, capabilities and obstacles (strengths and weakness), and external factors (opportunities and threats). A powerful tool for doing such analysis is Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). It helps revealing obstacles, capabilities, problems and aspects in the city. It achieves by (Questionnaire) that give for sample people. It found that the current situation for Najaf Center in ST. It means that the city have Strengths points and also Threats points.
Najaf Center
SWOT Analysis
Current Situation
2012
10
01
3126
3140
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66088_b2133e10f1e4294b06db69b762e961b5.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Improving Collapsibility and Compressibility of Gypseous Sandy Soil Using Bentonite and Kaolinite
Hussein
H. Karim
T.
Schanz
Maha
H. Nasif
The sandy soil which covers the surface layer for the investigated area consists of high gypsum content (50%). The soil was found to be a “collapsible” soil. Thus bentonite and kaolinite have been used as an improving agents for such soil. The essential idea of this study represents an investigation of the possibility of using these materials as additives with different percents (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to enhance these soils. A testing program was conducted on 9 models of untreated and treated gypseous soil specimens to study the behavior of such mixes as well as their effects on physical properties, collapsibility and compressibility characteristics. It was concluded that a significant reduction in collapsibility reaching 80 to 82 % for the 10 percent mixed kaolinite and bentonite respectively. Lowest compression index (Cc) and recompression index (Cr) have been obtained using the same percentages of mixed additives. Generally, best improving results have been obtained using bentonite additive (specially the ratio 10%) for its finer grains than those of kaolinite.
Gypseous soil
bentonite
Kaolinite
Additives
Collapsibility
Compressibility
2012
10
01
3141
3153
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66090_3d85203e64e98f653e05518d00803bd3.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Optimum Effect of Factors Influencing on Sacrificial Cathodic Protection for Steel Wall
Mohammad
H. Hafiz
Wissam
K. Hamdan
Saad
E. Kaskah
The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is used to model the sacrificial Cathodic Protection System (SCPS) to find the factors effectiveness behaviour. For protection potential assessment the BBD receives (resistivity of environment, sacrificial anode alloy, distance between anode and cathode and surface area for the structure to be protected) as input and gives the protection potential as output. By applying BBD with their analysis tools we get many results. The important results which are the factors individual effectiveness on the sacrificial cathodic protection (SCP) process are the resistivity which has the greatest effect on the potential protection (rank=1) followed by sacrificial anode alloy type (rank=2), surface area for structure protected required (rank=3) and distance between anode and cathode (rank=4). The interaction of sacrificial anode alloy and cathode area (χ2χ4) has significant effect on CP process with the limits which are used in this work while the other factors interaction (χ1χ2, χ1χ3, χ1χ4,χ2χ3, χ3χ4) has insignificant effect on the limits which used in this work.
corrosion
Cathodic Protection
sacrificial anode
box
Behnken Design
2012
10
01
3154
3163
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66091_ac6f0df72ff5136bace390bd39006aa8.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Numerical and Experimental Study of Isotherm Field Inside a Desktop P.C.
Adel
Hannon Ayaal
In this paper the heat transfer analysis from a heat generation components (central processing unit CPU and power supply) in a P.C. desktop was studied. Experimental and three – dimensional numerical study of laminar steady flow with mixed convection has been analyzed(for Ra=8.3*10 5 ). The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques are employed in numerical solution to calculate the temperature distribution inside the computer, by solving continuity, momentum and energy equations. This technique is based on structured grid (staggered grid) and finite volume formulation to discretize the governing equations (reduced to algebraic equations). The hybrid scheme and SIMPLE algorithm have been carried out to get the final solution. Five cases are studies for different heat source and inlet air flow locations. The temperature distribution and average temperature inside the computer are calculated to reach the optimum thermal design of the five cases. The numerical results obtained are found in a satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. Further the results confirmed that the most important parameter affecting the thermal behaviors is the position of heat-generation source and inlet air flow. The numerical solution shows that the case (4) is the optimum thermal design by comparison with other cases.
2012
10
01
3164
3174
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66092_006d0bc995f4ff66c354e20173551299.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Design and Simulation of a Second-Order Universal Switched- Capacitor Filter as a 10-Pin Dual-In-Line Package Integrated Circuit
Abdul
Kareem K. A. Raheem
Salam
Waley Shneen
Manal
Hadi Jaber
Ahmed
H. Reja
This paper explains the design of a Universal (Low, High, Band and Notch) Second-Order Filter using switched capacitor (SC) technique. The design depends on the crystal oscillator circuit that generates two non-overlapping clocks by making full use of the two independent comparators of the LM741. The oscillator circuit is used to drive a switched-capacitor integrator which is used in the design of the universal second order filter. The circuit is performed as a single IC (Integrated circuit) which can be used for different standard applications. The proposed IC design differs than other IC's such as MF10 by adding the notch filter to this design for used in wide band of applications. The design is simulated using MultiSim 9 program.
Filter
Switched
capacitor
Crystal Oscillator
2012
10
01
3175
3191
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66150_cb3cc4203eddcb3961e1abbc56841d1d.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composites Using Experimental and Genetic Algorithms Optimization Technique
Nabil
Hassan Hadi
Kayser
Aziz Ameen
In this paper, damage detection for different types of defects (delamination, crackand hole) in the composite laminate plate and cylindrical shell be used to characterizethe vibration behavior experimentally which used two types of load (plus and sineload) to find the frequency response. To this end, some plates and cylindrical shellsare made using hand-lay-up process. Glass fiber is used as a reinforcement in theform of bidirectional fabric and general purpose polyester resin as matrix for thecomposite material of plates and cylindrical shells. From the results, the damagedetection by using the Genetic algorithms is investigated. Also, these experiments areused to validate the results of free vibration obtained from the finite elementsprogram.
Composite plate and shallow shell
Genetic algorithms
Damage detection
Dynamics tests
Natural frequency
2012
10
01
3192
3218
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66151_c18944f342575a2aa106a9cf1cdb79ff.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Numerical Solution of Calculus of Variations by using the Second Chebyshev Wavelets
Suha
Najeeb Shihab
Asmaa
Abdalelah Abdalrehman
In this paper the second Chebyshev wavelets expansions with the operational matrix is applied for solving calculus of variational problems , with the aid of spectral method to reduce the variational problems in to a solution set of algebraic equations . Finally, numerical examples are present to show the validity and efficiency of the technique
Operational matrix
the second Chebyshev wavelets
Calculus of variationa
2012
10
01
3219
3229
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66152_c39d7678fb1a10a007a56b42d470a603.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Accuracy Assessment of LIDAR Data Using Longitudinal Profile of a Road
Abbas
Z. Khalfa
Imzahim
Abdul Kareem Alwan
Adnan
R. Mechman
LiDAR data gives accurate elevation therefore; we can obtain 3D modelling from LiDAR data which can be used for many applications such as civil engineering and surveying engineering, etc. For accuracy assessment of LiDAR elevation data, a longitudinal profile are done from field survey using laser level instrument type (Leica Sprinter 100) of a road having about (350m) length, adjacent to the Building and Construction Engineering Department, which locates inside study area, then compares it with longitudinal profile, which drowns from LiDAR elevation data using (ArcGIS9.3) program. According to the results analysis it can be stated that the elevations from the LiDAR data within accuracy of (3-10) cm can be obtained.
LiDAR
profile
accuracy assessment
ArcGIS
2012
10
01
3230
3240
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66153_58060034a59c3254f8305ecb32e8775b.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
New Moodle Module for Charging Course Materials Download Process Using Prepaid Card Technique
Jalal
B. Raouf
This work describes a new Moodle module, CFdownload, developed to set up e-commerce system which allows charging the process of downloading files using Prepaid Card Technique. This new module adds two features to Moodle, the first is allowing the student to pay per file of course material download and not to pay to enroll in the entire course as the existing Moodle system do, While the second allows the student to pay using prepaid card technique (which is similar to the Cell Phone prepaid card method) and not by credit cards (which are rarely used in the developing counties) as the existing Moodle system do.
Learning
Moodle module
prepaid card payment
cash
payment methods
2012
10
01
3241
3252
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66154_8952116efa110fb152a0d5ed29483254.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Aerodynamic Characteristics Improving of S809 Airfoil in Wind Turbine with Microtab
Ressan
Faris Al-Maliky
In present work numerical two dimensions, steady, incompressible, turbulent flow past S809 wind turbine airfoil with microtab at 95% of chord length of leading edge in lower surface is analyzed by Fluent (6.2) program for model consists of S809 airfoil without and with microtab at 95% of chord line have height 1.1% and other 2% of chord length undergo to turbulent flow k-. model, the flow has Reynolds number is 106. The results are represented by velocity contour and vector. Aerodynamic coefficients are drawn in graph. The results are showed an increase lift and drag coefficient in existence microtab locate 95% of chord at it's height 1.1% and 2% of chord to range of attack angle (0, 5, 10, 15, 20) degrees. The results compare with experimental data of standard airfoil and existence 1.1% chord length microtab and it is approximately good. Values of lift & drag coefficient are increased for the existence of 1.1% chord length microtab while in case the existence of microtab 2% chord length lift coefficient increased which it's max. increment by 46% while, drag coefficient decreased it's min. increment to be 26% but not full range of attack angle.
Turbulent
Microtab
2012
10
01
3253
3267
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66155_0313bee27887938f4d5d68eb2d2a0fa0.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Performance Evaluation of Electrocoagulation Technique for Removing Groundwater Hardness of Tikrit University
Maha
I Alali
The performance of Electrocoagulation (EC) process for removal of hardness in groundwater(GW) of Tikrit University in Salahaddin province, north of Baghdad in Iraq has been studied using aluminum (Al)electrodes with both bipolar and monopolar configurations. The effect of initial pH, applied voltage(U), electrolysis time(t), and electrodes configurations on the performance of EC has been investigated. It was found that the best initial pHvalue to remove hardness(HD)was 9.5. The results indicated that increasing U and t had a positive effect on the hardness removal efficiency(%Ehardness ) to reach 90.4%andit was influenced by the electrodes configuration in which %Ehardness was 83.5% in bipolar connection compared with 66.2%in monopolar connection.Also The electrical energy consumption%Ehardness and the experimentally and theoreticallyelectrodes consumption (Wexp ) and (Wtheo )were calculated.It was absorbed,as determined, that there is no significant difference between pseudo-first and second-order kinetic model except at 40 volt that the pseudo second-order kinetic model fits better than the first-order kinetic model with the data of the electrocoagulation process. Finally the cost at themost favorable conditions for EC process was calculatedresulting that the electrocoagulation process is successfully applied to remove the hardness rate from groundwater with high performance.
groundwater
Hardness
Electrocoagulation
Electrode configuration
2012
10
01
3268
3279
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66157_711f70f26832c20cb35e38051e38b95d.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2012
30
18
Study on Wind Loads Coefficients and Flow Field Characteristics Around the Parabolic Trough With Stiffeners
Mauwafak
Ali Tawfik
Bahaa
Ibrahim Kazem
Haider
Hussein Hamad
In the current study, the numerical analysis of the flow field characteristics around the parabolic trough with stiffener of solar polar concentrating power system is performed. The presence of stiffener changes the velocity and pressure distribution around the trough and then the wind loads also changed. Wind loads (drag, lift and moment) coefficients for different wind speeds and angles of attack are simulated. Pressure distribution, velocity distribution and turbulent kinetic energy for different wind speeds and angles of attack are also simulated. To verify the numerical simulation, comparisons with experimental results are performed. Reproducing of experimental boundary condition is carried out in numerical simulations. The numerical simulations are performed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package fluent 12.1. The results of this simulation show that the flow field characteristics are strongly related to angles of attack and trough orientation. Also the most important result of this study is that the presence of stiffener makes the trough a more bluff body than the trough without stiffener. This development of trough configuration will excite more vortexes shedding around the edges of trough
Parabolic trough with stiffener
CFD
wind loads
wind tunnel tests
2012
10
01
3280
3296
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66158_2d49030a056de15ddfa97e4667f6e3ed.pdf