2024-03-28T17:54:59Z
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=7124
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Effect of laser Fluence Energy on Morphological, Structural and Optical Properties of Gold and Silver Thin Films Prepared by Pulse Laser Deposition Method
Maha
Al-Kinany
Ghaleb
A. Al-Dahash
Jasim
Al-Shahban
We report the growth and characterization of (Ag, Au) nanoparticles thin films deposition on a glass substrate by pulse laser deposition (PLD) method. The (Ag, Au) thin films prepared through different laser fluence (0.4, 0.6 and 0.7) J/cm2. The effect of laser fluence energy on the morphological, structural and optical properties were studied by XRD, AFM and UV-Visible spectrophotometer.X-ray diffraction showed nanostructure, with dominated peak at 2θ values 38.3182° corresponding to (111) for silver and peak observed at 2θ values 38.2° which can be indexed to the (111) of face-centered cubic (fcc) structure for Au. Surface topography studied by atomic force microscopy revealed narrowed size distributions, with grain sizes ranging from 21.81 to 37.06 nm for Ag, and grain sizes ranging from 12.63 to 15.01nm for Au thin films. The results showed the Average gran Size increased with increasing laser fluence energy and RMS roughness increased with increasing laser fluence energy. Optical properties measurements showed that(Ag, Au) thin films have two peak the first one related with interband transitions, and the second peak formation of a surface plasmon peak (SPR). Optical properties measurements showed transformation from metallic properties of bulk (Ag, Au) to semiconductor properties when formed by sort of nanostructure evidenced by the formation of optical energy gap about (0.8, 0.7 and 0.5) eV when laser fluence increased (0.4, 0.6 and 0.7) J/cm2 respectively for Ag thin films. when grain size become smaller the optical energy gap increased. Optical energy gap(Eg) decreased (1.4, 1.2 and 0.8) eV when laser fluence increased (0.4, 0.6 and 0.7) J/cm2 respectively for Au thin films.
Physical thin film synthesis
Nano
Structured metal
Pulse Laser Deposition of Gold and Silver
2015
11
01
1561
1570
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117360_0bf2c3c3c36a5981664313780a9f5e68.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Effect of Different Solvents on Performance Polymer: Fullerene: Gold Nanoparticles Organic Solar Cell
Abdullah
Abbas Hussein
Waleed
Ali. Hussain
Hussein
Falih Hussein
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited at the interface of the intermediate layer [poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)] and poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenylC61-butyricacidmethylester (P3HT:PCBM) active layer were found to significantly increase organic solar cell performance. Organic solar cell devices with different solvents, such as the chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), chloroform (CF), and co-solvent Chlorobenzene: Dichlorobenzene (CB:DCB), Chlorobenzene:Chloroform (CB:CF), and Dichlorobenzene:Chloroform (DCB:CF) were fabricated. The photo-physical properties of these devices with different solvents are investigated. It can be found that, absorption spectrum of the blend becomes broad with different solvents, which is highly desirable for an organic solar cell devices. Film morphology is evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). XRD patterns and External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) measurements are also performed for the devices. The efficiency enhancement for the device with (CB:CF) is more significant than for other solvents. With different solvents, the solar cells upon (CB:CF) give Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 3.6%, in contrast to 3.2% for (CB), 2.06% for (DCB), 3% for (CF), 2.55% for (CB:DCB), and 2.9% (DCB:CF) devices.
PCBM
Organic Solar Cell
solvents
gold nanoparticle
2015
11
01
1571
1581
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117361_ec154eca588d9bc6688381d01943c9d0.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Synthesis and Specification of Superconductor Compound Tl2Ba2Can−1CunO2n+4+δ(n = 2, 3, 4)
Ali
I.Al-Janabi
Natheer
B. Mahmood
Yaser
Issam Hamodi
High-temperature superconductor compound Tl2Ba2Can−1CunO2n+4+δ (n = 2, 3, 4) was prepared by solid-state reactionevacuated sealed tube method. The research was carried out to investigate the effect of parameter (n) on the superconductor behavior of the compound Tl2Ba2Can−1CunO2n+4+δ. The structural phase of prepared samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the results showed the demand phase depend on the parameter (n). The resistivity measurement by four-probe technique used to investigate the critical temperature. The parameter (n) has major effect on definition of critical temperature for superconductor compound. The results showed that the sample prepared with n = 2 has a critical temperature Tc= 102 K; meanwhile, the sample prepared with n = 4 has a critical temperature Tc= 99 K; however, the sample which was prepared with n = 3 has a maximum critical temperature Tc= 121 K. There is a match between the result of magnetic susceptibility and the resistivity measurements at n = 3.
ray diffraction
Resistivity measurement
family superconductor
Lattice constants
2015
11
01
1582
1590
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117362_9bfcf5bec2b154f3899e7d21b92036b3.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Urea Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method to enhance the Photocatalytic Activity under Sunlight
Ban
M.Al-Shabander
Ekram
A. Ajaj
Pure and urea (5wt %) doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared by sol–gel method. The preparation of pure and urea doped TiO2 nanoparticles were achieved by titanium tetraisopropoxide, hydrochloric acid and ethanol as starting materials and the products were annealed at 600°C to get anatase phase. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT- IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX)and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Thephotocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) in aqueous solution at concentration (10ppm) under sunlight irradiation. The experimental results reveal that the urea doped TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic activity in sunlight compared with that of pure TiO2 nanoparticles.
Photocatalyticactivity
sol gel method
TiO
urea
2015
11
01
1591
1598
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117363_8997bd601ef3b9cd2429df2728121b12.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Effect of Flow Rate on Characterizations of TiO2 Nano fibers using Electro spinning Method
Muhsin
A. Kudhier
Raad
S. Sabry
Yousif
K. Al-Haidarie
TiO2nanofibers with anatase structure were synthesized by anelectrospinning method. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that TiO2 nanofibers were polycrystalline with anatase phase.The effects of flow rate parameter on TiO2 nanofibers were examined using atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy. The energy gap was estimated and optical behavior was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was noted that the average diameter of these nanofibersincreases from (82-320) nm with increasing theflow rate from (1- 10ml/h) respectively. The length of the nanofibers reached to several microns.
TiO
nanofibers
electrospinning
Flow rate
2015
11
01
1599
1607
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117364_20582341402ccc030d8619bf61fd9684.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Photoconductivity and Performance of Mn2+ and Ce3+ Doped ZnS Quantum Dot Detectors
Raad
M.Al-Haddad
Iftikhar
M.Ali
Issam
M.Ibrahim
Naser
M. Ahmed
Mn2+ and Ce3+ Doped ZnS nanocrystals were prepared by a simple microwave irradiation method under mild condition. The starting materials for the synthesis of Mn2+ and Ce3+ Doped ZnS P nanocrystals were zinc acetate as zinc source, thioacetamide as a sulfur source, manganese chloride and Cerium chloride as manganese and cerium sources respectively (R & M Chemical) and ethylene glycol as a solvent. All chemicals were analytical grade products and used without further purification. The nanocrystals of Mn2+ and Ce3+ Doped ZnS P with cubic structure were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the morphology of the film is seen by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The composition of the samples is analyzed by EDS. The spectral response of Mn2+ and Ce3+ Doped ZnS nanocrystals was studied. The values of responsively, specific detectivity and quantum efficiency for Ce3+ Doped ZnS are higher than that for Mn2+ Doped ZnS.
Photoconductivity
Zinc sulfide
Quantum dots
datectors
Microwave irradiation
2015
11
01
1608
1618
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117369_3ec85b44b0f6b5bd57826bbc69df4c2b.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Augmentation of Heat Transfer for Spiral Coil Heat Exchanger in Solar Energy Systems By Using Nano fluids
Khalid
Faisal Sultan
Hussein
thani rishag
Jwan
Mohammed Fadhil
This article presents an experimental study on pressure drop and enhancement of heat transfer of nanofluids flow in coil heat exchanger of solar energy system. In this study the method using to enhancement of heat transfer and pressure drop, by used the spiral coiled tube heat exchange in solar energy systemand the nanofluids instead of the distilled water. The weight concentrations of nanoparticles used are ranging from (15 – 35wt%). Two types of nanoparticles used in this articlecupper (Cu(30nm)) and titanium Oxide(TiO2 (50nm)) as well as the distilled water. The effects of different parameters such as nanofluid temperature, concentration, type of nanoparticle and flow Reynolds number, on pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient of the flow are studied. The results indicated that an increase in heat transfer coefficient of 55.45% for Cu+ Dw and 40.2% for TiO2 + Dw at concentration of 35wt%compared with base fluid. The pressure drop and heat transfer coefficientis increased by using nanofluids (Cu,TiO2 – Dw ) instead of the distilled water.As well as the results indicated that by using heat exchanger with helically coiled tube and shell, the heat transfer performance is improved moreover the pressure drop enhancement due to the curvature of the coil tube.The maximum increase of 44.32% (Cu + Dw) and 34.42% (TiO2+ Dw) in Nusselt number ratio for a range of Reynolds numbers between 200–800. This article decided that the nanofluid behaviors are close to typical Newtonian fluids through the relationship between shear rate and viscosity.Furthermore to performance index are used to present the corresponding heat transfer technique and flow. Thesize and type nanoparticles play an important role in enhancement of heat transfer rate.
Nanofluids
Solar energy system
coil tube heat exchange
performance index
2015
11
01
1619
1634
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117370_a824d14175e5655f6774c7a5c26ececb.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Study of Bending Property for Epoxy / Kevlar - Glass Fibers and Hybrid Composite
Hind
W. Abdullah
Harath
I.Jaffa
Khalid
R. Al-Rawi
In this research a study of the effect of quality , sequential and directional layers for three types of fibers are : Kevlar fibers-49 woven perpendicular and E- glass fiber woven perpendicular and random on the bending using epoxy as matrix. Hand – lay up method was used to fabricate epoxy composite and three layers from Kevlar fiber as well as epoxy composites and three layers of glass fiber and then hybrid composite was fabricated in the shapes: (Kevlar - regular glass - Kevlar) layers, (Kevlar - random glass –Kevlar) layers , (regular glass-Kevlar- regular glass) layers. The results shown that for Bending test the sample which reinforced (Kevlar - regular glass-Kevlar) characterized the highest bending (8mm) and The less bending reinforced sample was (regular glass-Kevlar- regular glass) (4.5mm) even it less than the reinforced sample (Kevlar - regular glass – Kevlar).
2015
11
01
1635
1642
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117371_78462522f07af884694931df3487c0d6.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Folated-nanocarrier for curcumin drug delivery in breast cancer therapy
Sharafaldin
Al-musawi
Among the potent anticancer agents, curcumin(CU) has been found to be very efficacious against many different types of cancer cells. Chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CS MNPs) were prepared and utilized as a nano-carrier for loading of curcumin(FA-CS-CU-MNPs) througha reverse microemulsionmethod. This nanoformulation was evaluated against breast cancer cell lines in the in vitro conditions.Both shape and size properties were studied by zeta sizer, AFMand FESEM and the cell internalization ability of prepared nanoparticles was determined by fluorescence microscopy. It was found that the synthesized FA-CS-CU- MNPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 90±15 nm, low aggregation and good magnetic responsive properties. Meanwhile, the high drug loading efficiency (~73%) was remarkable. These FA-CS-CU- MNPs also demonstrated sustained release of CU at 37 ◦C in different buffer solutions. Afterwards the suitable dose and therapeutic effects of (FA-CS-CU- MNPs) for both breast cancer and normal cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay.The result showed that FA-CS-CU- MNPs retainedsignificant antitumor activities, no adverse effects was detected for normal cells.Additionally, it was observed that the FITC-labeled FA-CS-CU- MNPs could effectively enter into the cancer cells and induced cell apoptosis.
Cancer
Chitosan
Curcumin
Nanoparticle
Nanosystem
2015
11
01
1643
1654
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117372_1b39609cec6d6c3f6541c104bd994e3a.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Synthesis and optimization of silver nanoparticles-antibody Herceptin conjugation for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Nasser
Jaafer Zahid
Bejan
Hashime
Mohamed
Jafad Rasib
Afshin
Mohtfir
We have developed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopysubstratecomposed of antibody-conjugated silver nanoparticles as a functional nanoprobe. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles with the pMBA linker for binding to antibody Herceptin and analyzed the binding of Herceptin to silver nanoparticles by Fourier Tranform Infrared (FT-IR). Our results clearly showed that a spherical shape of silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 µm has been performed. Furthermore, the obtained SERS probe apparently indicated that the intensity of antibody-conjugated silver nanoparticles as a SERS sensitive probe is increased by an enhancement factor of 105.
silver nanoparticles
antibody conjugation
Raman Scattering
Spectroscopy
surface enhanced
SERS
2015
11
01
1655
1662
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117373_030e306b36c623c2a7cfb551670f8a52.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Nonlinearity and carriers transport effects on the modulation response and relative intensity noisespectra in quantum dot lasers
Shakir
D.Sarsooh
Hussein
H.Warid
Marwah
A.Shams
Noise and modulation response behavior in quantum dot semiconductor lasers under the influence the nonlinearity studied theoretically in this paper. The present rate equations model consists of five equations for the carriers density and one equation for photons density. The nonlinearity effect was added in two rate equations namely the photon density rate equation and the ground state rate equation. Two equationswere derived to calculate the noise and modulation response. Calculations in this paper focused on the effect of each of the nonlinear effect and carrier transport inside and outside quantum dots on the laserbehavior. The results indicate the weak effect of the nonlinearity on the behavior of the laser noise because of inability of the present formula to represent the nonlinear gain parameter. Also, results indicated the strong effect of the carriers relaxation from the wetting layer to the continuous state in comparison with other relaxation lifetimes in low energy states.
quantum dot lasers
lasers noise and rate equation model PACS numbers
2015
11
01
1663
1682
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117374_917a896a1f50e6aea8fdf5a85d8b4c62.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Beneficiation Pretreatment and Chemical Activation Method For Preparation and Characterization of Nano Structure Bentonite
Adel
Sharif Hamadi
Riyadh
M. Noaman
Thamera
Kidher
Ghassan
Rokan
Maan
Ali
Quraish
abass
Dina
Naumat
Hamsa
Ahmed
Bentonite has widely been employed in many industrial applications due to their physicochemical properties and availability at low cost. The aim of this work was conducted to submit the Iraqi natural bentonite clay to beneficiation pretreatment and chemical acidification using 60% sulfuric acid under mechanical agitation for 2 hours at atmospheric temperature and pressure condition. The resulting bentonite was washed several times with distilled water and modified with ethanol under ultrasonic mixing. An experimental study was conducted to study the chemical composition, grain size, structural characterization and morphology of nano particle bentonite obtained using techniques of AFM microscopy, X-ray fluorescence XRF, X-ray diffraction XRD, scanning electron microscopy SEM, surface area by BET method, and FT-IR spectra. The calculated surface area of nanobentonite was 161.842 m2/gm, and total pore volume of 0.2196 cm3/gm. The nanoscalebentonite particles diameter in the range of 52 nm at maximum intensity of AFM. The FITR spectra assigned peaks; at 3392.22 and 1635.69 cm-1 is attributed to OH stretching (Al-OH and Si-OH) for bentonite, at 1159, 798.20 and 677.46cm-1 are assigned to characteristic bands of silicates; and peak at 500.08 cm-1 is responsible for Al-O-Si group deformation. SEM analysis show that nanobentonite structure due to beneficiation and activation conditions. The results of X-ray diffraction after activation observed that the intensity of the reflections of the characteristic peak of the gypsum and calcite belonging to the other minerals change due to destruction of the structure in the bentonite phases.
bentonite
beneficiation
Acid Activation
Nano Bentonite
2015
11
01
1683
1692
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117375_b335ce8ee9add53fc8801766a1346f25.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Study the effect of doping for various materials (F, Sb) on the properties of tin oxide (SnO2) film
Nagam
T. Ali
In this research doped and undoped SnO2 was prepared by using cold wall atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) system at substrate temperature (450 0C) and flow rate of O2 gas (1.5) L/M for (15) min using (SnCl2.5H2O) and different percentage from (NH3F) , (SbCl3) as source for (Sn, F, Sb).Several films were prepared by using different ratios of antimony (Sn:Sb ) as fallowing: (1: 0.3, 1: 0.5, 1:0.7, 1:1 Wt. %)and (SnO2:F) in ratios of (1: 0.1, 1: 0.3, 1:0.5, Wt.%).X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra showschanging in structures for (Sb, F) with shift in peaks.Also roughness average values have been increased with increase of doping ratio. Optical properties have been studied by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Electric properties had been studied. through spectroscopic study of these films was found to have a high transmittance in the visible region.
Sno
Sbthin films
APCVD
2015
11
01
1693
1701
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117444_a9829ff899710b6b5107c28e1237d710.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
The effect of Punica granatum nanoparticles in phagocytic cells in patients with Multiple Myeloma
Majid
Sakhi Jabir
Zainab
Jihad Taqi
Imman
Ismael Jabbar
Mohammed
Shammel Ali
Shimma
Abd-Alsattar
Mayssa
Adil Ali
Multiple myeloma is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. Plasma cells help you fight infections by making antibodies that recognize and attack germs. This study aimed to investigate effect of aqueous extract and silver nanoparticles from Punica granatum peel on the ability of phagocytic cells in patients with Multiple myeloma. Chemical components of Punica granatum were investigated. It was found that they contained most of chemical compounds such as Glycosides, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, Tanins, Resins, Terpenes, and Steroids. Our results showed the presence of a significant decrease (p˂0.001) in ability of phagocytic cells in patients, when the results were compared to the control group which included healthy individuals. While, the results showed increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells after added Punica granatum peel silver nanoparticles by increases activity of NADPH enzyme. This increase indicates that the Punica granatum peel silver nanoparticles contain chemical components which act as immune modulators by increase of the percentage of phagocytic cells to engulf bacteria.
peel extract
nanoparticles
Silver nitrate
Phagocytic cells
multiple myeloma
2015
11
01
1702
1711
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117445_503f397da2cf02a66d3c8cae139b5fce.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Studying the Structural and Optical properties of PVA doped with CuO and FeCl 3 composites films
Aliyah
Abdul Muhsen Shehab
EnasYasseen
Abid
Seham
Hassan Salman
In this research, we are studying structural and optical properties of film (PVA doped with CuO and FeCl3).The(CuO)with concentration (7%),and (FeCl3) with different concentrations of FeCl3 (3, 7, and 9) %,preparing by casting method with thickness (25±5) µm,thestructure characterized by using (XRD).The investigation of (XRD). indicates that the pure (PVA) and doping films are polycrystalline structure. The results of the measuring size, micro grain strain, dislocation density and number of crystals of each sampleshaw that the grain size increaseswith increasing concentration from(3.676-11.57 )nm . The absorbance and transmittancespectra have been recorded in the wavelength range (200-1100) nm inorder to studying the optical properties.The optical band gap of (PVA) decreaseswith increasing concentration of FeCl3from(4.3- 1.6)eV,and extinction coefficient, refraction index,the optical conductivity arevaries with increasing concentration.
PVA
doping
CuO and FeCl
2015
11
01
1712
1722
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117446_5fcc2f6587cefef16d037c591dce2fd3.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Structure and Optical Properties of Nano PbS Thin Film Deposited by Pulse Laser Deposition
Yasmeen
Z. Dawood
Suad
M. Kadhim
Ayad
Z. Mohammed
The present work the structure properties of nano Lead sulfide PbS thin films were studied. Thin samples were prepared by pulse laser deposition and deposited on glass substrate at 1064nm wavelength with 800mj laser energy. The structure properties of films were determined by X-ray diffraction studied the effect of variation of substrate temperature on these properties. The films are adherent to the substrate and well crystallized according to the centered cubic structure with the preferential orientation (111) and (200). The minimum value of grain size was 16.5 nm when the film deposited of at 70 oC substrate temperature. The optical investigation showed that, depending on the substrate temperature have direct allowed transitions in the range 1.55–2.45 eV.
Thin films
nanopartical
pulse laser deposition and lead sulfide
2015
11
01
1723
1730
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117447_25d60772ab8715d87fbc4ad351d8b497.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Fabrication and Characterization study of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Based on Cu-Nanoparticles Optical Fiber Sensor
Shehab
A. Kadhim
Abeer
H. Khalid
Nahla
A. Al-Jaber
Faiz
M.Abbas
In the present work, we prepared copper nanoparticles suspend in aqueous environments by pulse laser ablation (PLA) of pure copper target in distilled water and then irradiated by (Nd+3:YAG) laser light (1064 nm). The peak position of Plasmon resonance absorbance of green colored nanoparticles was noticed at 630 nm . We have implemented the photodeposition technique to deposit Cu- nanoparticles on optical fiber end using laser light and a prepared Cu- nanoparticles suspend in aqueous environments. Using SHG:( Nd+3: YAG) (532 NM) pulse laser light and copper nanoparticles suspend in aqueous environments. Surface Plasmon resonance curves of an optical fiber-based sensor were investigated. Effect of laser pulse repetition rate, on structure, and nanoparticles size was studied by analysis of the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and AFM analysis of copper nanoparticles .The optical sensor was assembled using a LD light source, a spectrometer and an optical fiber immersed in copper nanoparticles colloidal as a sensor to measure the refractive index of aqueous media. The response and the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor was investigated .Good agreement was obtained with respect to the resonance peak location and the shape of the curves. Consequently, these results enabled us to predict the ideal functioning conditions of the sensor.
nanoparticles
Laser ablation
Surface Plasmon Resonance
fiber
optic sensors
2015
11
01
1731
1740
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117448_a4cd9a8dfdb5c0704ead898d532e0300.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Structure and Morphological Properties of Cadmium Oxide Nanostructure Prepared By Oblique Angle Deposition Method
Wafaa
K. Khalef
Sariya
D.AL. ALgawi
Sura
R. Mohammed
Oblique angle deposition technique (OAD) can generate nanostructures and has attracted the interest of many researchers. In this article we use this technique to investigate the morphological and structure properties of obliquely evaporated Cd films deposited onto glass substrates at different angles (0ᵒ, 50ᵒ, and 70ᵒ),and then oxidized in air at (573 K) for 1:30 h to produce (CdO) nanostructure. The influences of deposition angle on the structural and morphological properties of cadmium oxide thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern shows, that all prepared films are cubic structure with preferred orientation along (111) plane with peak intensity increased with increasing incident angles .The AFM results demonstrate that the film deposition at higher oblique angle (70º) has higher surface roughness and the values of (G.s) decreased as the oblique angle deposition angle increases (112 to 267) nm. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the films had microstructure with columns that are progressively inclined as the incident angle was increased.
Cdo Thin Films
Oblique Incident
OAD technique
2015
11
01
1741
1752
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117449_e48ae5fdd6f7b223d6a7ba11278a27f0.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Synthesized Cu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGS) thin films and implementation as the active light absorbing material in photovoltaic devices (PVs)
Omar
A. Ali
Wasan
R. Saleh
Vikas
V. Reddy
Jackson
Stolle
Cao
Meng
Brian
A. Korgel
This review article summarizes our research focused on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) nanocrystals, including their synthesis and implementation as the active light absorbing material in photovoltaic devices (PVs). CIGS thin films were prepared by arrested precipitation from molecular precursors consisting of CuCl, InCl3, GaCl3 and Se metal onto Mo/soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates. We have sought to use CIGS nanocrystals synthesized with the desired stoichiometry to deposit PV device layers without high temperature processing. This approach, using spray deposition of the CIGS light absorber layers, without high temperature selenization, has enabled up to 1.5 % power conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 solar illumination. The composition and morphology of CIGS thin films were studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the structural formation of CIGS chalcopyrite structure.
CuInGaSe
photovoltaic
Solar cells
nanoink
Spray
Coating
CIGS
2015
11
01
1753
1760
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117450_d1b9e12c8315a0c0ab97bea9743ae0ff.pdf
Engineering and Technology Journal
ETJ
1681-6900
1681-6900
2015
33
9B
Comparison Study of Erosion Wear and Hardness of GF/EP with Nano and Micro SiO2 Hydride Composites
Aseel
Basim Abdul-Hussein
Fadhel
Abbas Hashim
Tamara
Raad Kadhim
The objective of this research is to study GF / EP nano and micro silicon dioxide (SiO2)composites were prepared with different volume percentage of nano and micro SiO2 powder (2,4,and 6 wt.% ). Atomic force microscopy techniques was used to measure the grain size of nano SiO2 powder (average diameter 38nm) and particle size analyzer techniques was used to measure the grain size of micro SiO2 powder (average diameter 6.069µm). Erosive wear behavior of this composite under three different impingement angles 30°, 60° and 90°and three angular silica sand abrasive particle sizes approximately 425, 600 and 850 μm and hardness (shore D) were study.In general the erosion wear of micro composites have lower resistance erosion than nanobased Materialcomposites other. Erosion resistance increase as the volume fraction increase. Nano composites of GF / EP with SiO2 have many advantages over micro composites from the view point of wear and hardness tests. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled G-E composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and results indicates more severe damage to matrix and glass fiber in unfilled composite system as compared to SiO2 filled composites.
SiO
Erosion wear
Shore hardness
2015
11
01
1761
1774
https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_117451_11805adba449960877a802be1e20d69b.pdf