University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928استخدام تقنيات التحسس النائي في دراسة نوعية المياه لأهوار العراق3353472671610.30684/etj.26.9.11ENJournal Article20080901Spectral reflection properties of contaminated water were studies and<br />experimentally measured using (Radiometric Measurement).An experimental<br />simulating system was designed to measure contaminated water reflection in<br />similar conditions to those of the marsh water regarding the rate of suspended<br />solids and in similar spectral bands to those used in the detectors of landsat satellite<br />(TM sensor) using the local measurement radiometer. It is an attempt to estimate<br />the rate of suspended solid and dissolved objects through measuring spectral<br />reflection to choose the best spectral bands which can achieve such relation and to<br />make use of the results of experimental spectral reflection simulation of marsh<br />water in categorizing space photos type and depth and to estimate the rate of<br />suspended solids and salts and eventually to combine experimental measurements<br />with space photo to obtain a conclusion of marsh water properties (0.63-<br />0.69μm)band can achieve best relation between suspended solids with surface<br />waterreflectance.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26716_378a95e840bb18eb5e7605466a8d580d.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928دراسة نوعية المياه لأهوار العراق3483622671710.30684/etj.26.9.12ENJournal Article20080901In this study water sample taken from kirmashiya marsh and its tributaries of (majray,<br />kirmashiya and Um AL-timan) were tested and analyzed. The tests covered both physical<br />and chemical properties; water is a good germs host and dissolves many salts which may<br />poisonous. Moreover, water can carry minute solids. Therefore, an important water<br />specification is that it should not do any harm to health whether it is used for drinking or<br />not. Many living organisms can live in water when they reproduce, the more these<br />organisms, the more polluted water is especially when nutrients are available which are<br />carried by water this is as far as drinking water is concerned. On the other hand, water has<br />several other advantages to man. It is the source of some of man's food (fish) other uses<br />follow AL-kirmashiya marsh was subjected to man made drying in the last decade of the<br />last century, forcing the population to migrate. After the downfall the old regime, the<br />ministry of water Resources represented by (CRIM) started to flood the area and open the<br />tributaries which feed the marsh and remove the embankment built to dry the marsh. The<br />population began to then land, using marsh water for drinking and other uses. But<br />laboratory tests on marsh water carried out by the center and other related offices show<br />deterioration in marsh water quality.<br />The deterioration of water quality is because there are no exit outlets to kirmashiya marsh<br />and the discharge waste water from human activities in surrounding areas, and discharge<br />of drainage water from cultivated lands nearby. All these factors have led to marsh poor<br />water qualityhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26717_167215b4cf3f72fb8efbed9b2a1ccbc4.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928تحسين التربة الطينية الضعيفة بأستخدام أعمدة الركام المثبتة بالنورة والسمنت3633702671810.30684/etj.26.9.13ENJournal Article20080901Sand or stone columns are considered one of the efficient methods of<br />improving soft clayey soils. They are cheap, easy to use, and results in<br />increasing the bearing capacity of the soil and decreasing its compressibility.<br />In this research, a series of laboratory tests were performed using small scale<br />columns (Dia. = 38 mm, Depth = 180 mm) inserted in a soft clay<br />layer which was prepared inside steel containers. Different amounts of lime<br />and / or cement were used to stabilize the stone columns to increase its<br />efficiency. Loading tests were performed on each column in order to<br />determine its max. bearing capacity, the efficiency of each additive was<br />determined by comparing the results obtained of treated to untreated<br />columns (qt / qu). The results were (2.7) for soils treated with crushed stone<br />only, and (4, 5) for soils treated with crushed stone stabilized with (5%) and<br />(10%) lime respectively. The results also showed (3.5, 4) for soils treated<br />with crushed stone stabilized with (5%) and (10%) cement respectively. The<br />results of stabilizing stone columns with lime and cement showed that<br />(qt / qu) were (3.3, 3.7) for soils treated with crushed stone stabilized with<br />(2.5% lime + 2.5% cement) and (5% lime + 5% cement) respectively.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26718_3855c9fd38397ec69c7650452bd72206.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928تصميم وبناء منضومة ليزر ماسحة لقياس خشونة السطوح3713852671910.30684/etj.26.9.14ENJournal Article20080901In this work a laser scanning setup was designed and constructed by using Laser<br />speckle technique, in which a linear relationship between Laser speckle Contrast<br />and surface roughness . During the work standard stainless steel rough Surface was<br />been used. From the results it is found that incident angle HAS a great influence on the<br />measurements and this due to the saturation phenomena. For Incident angle (15°)<br />saturation takes place with(R=0.12 μm) AND for more roughness the contrast<br />decreased .When the incident angel become (30°) the contrast saturated at ( R= 0.12<br />μm) and stay constant for more roughness . At angle (75°) saturation in CONTRAST<br />TAKES place at(R=0.4μm) and the value of contrast less than that of 15° and 30°<br />angles.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26719_76c13910744062de37d2a8162573ed7f.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928دراسة الحركية الكيميائية للتحلل القاعدي للكومارين ومشتقاته في خمس درجات حرارية3864032672010.30684/etj.26.9.15ENJournal Article20080901The subject of research involve study of basic hydrolysis of lactone ring of<br />coumarin, 6-methyl coumarin and 6- amino coumarin in 70% (Ethanol – Water) at<br />equal and double concentration of base (NaOH) at five different temperatures by<br />electrical conductivity method and the results were interpreted according to the<br />transition state theory.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26720_8485197c7b04151ff0b256688b0a2479.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928Predictioin Of Surface Roughness In Turning By Multiple Regression Model105510602670610.30684/etj.26.9.1ENAbbas Fadhel IbraheemJournal Article20080901In this research, we propose statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), to<br />predict surface roughness in turning process. Two independent data sets were<br />obtained on the basis of measurement: training data set and testing data set.<br />Original length, diameter and selected length are used as independent input<br />variables (parameters), while surface roughness as dependent output variable. On<br />the basis of training data set, different models for surface roughness were<br />developed by multiple regression model. The multiple regression model by using<br />(SPSS) could predict the surface roughness (Ra) with average percentage deviation<br />of 4.6%, or 95.4%, accuracy from training data, and from testing data set that was<br />not included in the multiple regression analysis with average percentage deviation<br />of 7.9%, or accuracy of 92.1%.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26706_041eb7dbc8889098fe37afd219176823.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928Improvement of Locally Produced Low- Density Polyethylene106110672670710.30684/etj.26.9.2ENNajat .J.salehZanaib Y.shneanDep. of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-IraqJournal Article20080901In the present work, a polymer composite was fabricated by mixing LDPE<br />with different wt% of pigment (Fe2O3 and TiO2) to obtain desirable properties in<br />fabrication single screw-extruder was utilized , this mixing machine operated at a<br />temperature between (150-170)Co.some of mechanical properties, such as tensile,<br />impact, hardness and bending test were determined at different weight fraction of<br />composite materials. It was found that the addition of pigment (TiO2 and Fe2O3) to the<br />LDPE leads to increase the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, tensile strength at<br />break, shore hardness on other hand it decreases the % elongation at break, and for the<br />impact strength.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26707_220e75f7234b66f41ed3253ebfb1fb91.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928Study Synergy Effect on Erosion-Corrosion in Oil Pipes106810802670810.30684/etj.26.9.3ENSami Abulnoun AjeelMohammed Abdullatef AhmedJournal Article20080901Steel corrosion and erosion-corrosion have an important role in oil fields<br />utilizing steel pipelines. Therefore; in the present work corrosion, erosion and<br />erosion-corrosion tests are studied individually to investigate the interaction<br />between corrosion and erosion processes and to quantify the synergy (that caused<br />by erosion) in realistic flow environments.<br />The experimental work tests were done using special device which was<br />designed and manufactured according to (G 73) ASTM with certain modifications.<br />The experimental work tests were achieved using traditional weight loss<br />technique to measure weight loss rates in (gmd) unit. Also the microstructure<br />observations of the test specimens are studied.<br />It was observed that whole tests were conducted on oil pipe (X 60) made of<br />low carbon steel in plate form, tests were made on corrosion using 3.5 wt %<br />sodium chloride. (NaCl) solution as sea water purged with CO2 gas as the corrosive<br />medium in crude oil, erosion using 1 wt % silica sand as the erodent in distilled<br />water purged with N2 gas as anti corrosive medium to get erosion just during<br />erosion and erosion-corrosion using the same mentioned medium in the corrosion<br />but in erosion-corrosion 1 wt % silica sand was added as slurry to that medium, all<br />tests above were done under pumped media except in case of corrosion and<br />pumped media had constant pressure of 1 bar, flow rate Q = 36 L/min, temperature<br />≈ 25 ºC and pH = 4.4 for corrosive and erosive-corrosive media but pH = 7.4 for<br />erosive medium.<br />After traditional weight loss technique was achieved, it was found that<br />corrosion rate C.R (0.18144 gmd) was the smallest, erosion rate E.R (0.80214gmd)<br />was greater than corrosion rate (C.R), but erosion-corrosion rate EC.R<br />(3.99161gmd) was the biggest ie. (EC.R was greatest), in addition synergy<br />(0.0315g) was calculated by using special equation related to weight loss which<br />was measured in (g) unit.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26708_b2affca324e3c9f0fb18f52c871ff8f8.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928Design and Simulation of Sigma-Delta Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for WiMAX108110962670910.30684/etj.26.9.4ENH. T. ZiboonH.M. AzawiJournal Article20080901This paper presents a design and simulation of proposed frequency synthesizer which<br />can be used for WiMAX. Design parameters for the proposed fractional-N PLL<br />synthesizer for WiMAX system are either selected from WiMAX standards or<br />according to results of analysis for each unit of the proposed system. Different<br />techniques for phase noise reduction are discussed. Sigma-delta fractional-N<br />technique is chosen for WiMAX system, since low settling time, spurious level and<br />phase noise can be obtained by using this technique. The simulation result shows the<br />system is stable, since the phase margin is greater than 45 degree. The settling time,<br />spurious level and phase noise obtained with this synthesizer are 5.9μs, -90dBc/Hz,<br />and -100dBc/Hz respectively. CppSim program (C++ simulator language) and Matlab<br />(V.7) are used for simulation of ΣΔ fractional-N PLL synthesizer.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26709_00ed5dc6e55fecacc9c1b2e6d25d2cc9.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928Developing Flood Discharge Capacity of Kmait River109711092671010.30684/etj.26.9.5ENMahmoud S. Al KhafajiHayder A. Al ThamiryRiyadh Z. Al ZubaidyJournal Article20080901Kmait River is a flood escape that was constructed to divert water during<br />flood season from Tigris River to Al Huwayza Marsh through AsSanna'f Marsh.<br />Water stored in Al Huwayza Marsh is then discharged to Tigris River, through Al<br />Kassara River, and to Shatt Al Arab River, through AsSuwayb River.<br />Kmait River, AsSanna'f Marsh, and Al Huwayza Marsh form one<br />hydrological system. Therefore, the capacity of AsSanna'f Marsh and the capacity<br />and operation schedule of Al Huwayza Marsh were taken into consideration when<br />developing the capacity of Kmait River.<br />It was found, by using a one dimensional flow simulation model, that the<br />present discharge capacity of Kmait flood escape does not exceed 80m3/sec, and<br />this discharge can’t be diverted completely into Al Huwayza Marsh during January<br />and February months of a wet year unless the discharge capacity of AsSanna'f<br />Marsh outlet is increased from its current capacity of 402m3/sec to 468m3/sec.<br />It was found that the contraction in last part of Kmait River is throttling the<br />discharge. If this part is reshaped, the capacity of Kmait river will increased to<br />250m3/sec, which could be diverted into Al Huwayza Marsh if AsSanna'f Marsh<br />outlet reshaped and its capacity increased to 569m3/sec.<br />Depending on the maximum allowable monthly inflow of Al Huwayza<br />Marsh incase of replacing its present outlets control structures by new ones with a<br />capacity of 500m3/sec, Al Huwayza Marsh will absorb floods diverted from Tigris<br />River at design capacity of the control structure of Kmait River of 400m3/sec after<br />reshaping the river cross sections and increasing the discharge capacity of<br />AsSanna'f Marsh outlet to 744m3/sec.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26710_79f6aab2177933281ffd7636f8addd13.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928In-nSiC schottky photodiode ; Fabrication and Study111011152671110.30684/etj.26.9.6ENKhalid Z. YahiyaAmmar H. JraizAbdulla Khudiar AbassJournal Article20080901In the present work , schottky photodiode have been mode on n-type SiC<br />by depositing of thin layer of In . electrical characteristics included I-V<br />(dark and illumination ) have been investigated . Ideality factor is 1.6 and<br />barrier height is 0.53 eV was calculated from I-V and Isc-Voc<br />characteristics, Ideality factor is 1.7 and barrier height found to be 0.64 eV,<br />and from optoelectronic characteristics have found sensitivity results show<br />that peak response of photodiode was 550nm .https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26711_94300d1195a22399b58519b2b1764c3b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928Design Active Filter Based on Genetic Algorithm111611242671210.30684/etj.26.9.7ENMohamed Abdul-whabRazi J. Al-AzawiJournal Article20080901The lossy-FDNR based active filter has an important property among many<br />design realizations. This includes a significant reduction in component<br />count particularly in the number of OP-AMP which consumes power.<br />However the problem of this type is the large component spreads which<br />affect the filter performance.<br />In this paper Genetic Algorithm is applied to minimize the component<br />spread (capacitance and resistance spread). The minimization of these<br />spreads allow the filter structure to be integrated since the minimum<br />component spread mean minimum chip area required for fabrication.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26712_43887d413212526fc034ce283b7bca27.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928The Effect of Magnetic Water on Growth of Chick-Pea Seeds112511302671310.30684/etj.26.9.8ENSamir H. NasherJournal Article20080901Abstract:<br />Magnetized water has been experimented on chick-pea seed growth. Seeds are growing in plastic cups<br />for 18 days and irrigating with magnetized water which prepared by using static magnetic field. Plants<br />lengths are taken daily up to the day 18. Length results show that seeds irrigated with magnetized<br />water were taller than seeds irrigated with tap water. The difference in length was (2.67 cm) between<br />themhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26713_bbc6cbe639588edd70b7e088940c5190.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928The Electrical Degradation of Fiberglass Poles113111422671410.30684/etj.26.9.9ENSami .AjeelMokdad T.YounisArkan A.HusseinJournal Article20080901This work involves fiberglass samples used in two kind of aging (45<br />days aging, 45 days aging with AC of 25 kV). Five sets of fiberglass<br />samples were used in the accelerated aging tests and each set consists of<br />nine fiberglass samples. The tested insulation length of these samples was<br />chosen as 0.3 m. Two metallic bands, upper and bottom, were used as<br />electrodes and tightly wrapped on the samples. The effect of surface<br />condition on the materials electric degradation was studied and the nine<br />samples were divided into' three group. The external surfaces of the first<br />group of tested samples were kept intact, but some scratches were manually<br />placed on the external surfaces of the second group. For the third group, five<br />holes, each with 2.5 cm in diameter, were manually drilled in each sample.<br />The electric experimental using to identify the insulation strength of<br />fiberglass materials were (the lighting impulse test, AC wet flashover tests<br />and, AC dry flashover test).The result show that the CFO voltage and AC<br />flashover under dry condition were higher than under wet condition for all<br />samples. The leakage current has a linear relation ship with applied voltage.<br />The electric degradation is significant when the sample were tested with<br />electric stress.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26714_b4b4b8a36d816092014a71ba08a7ca48.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026920080928NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR HIGH- SPEED ALL- OPTICAL BOOLEAN GATES114311572671510.30684/etj.26.9.10ENInmar N. GhaziJournal Article20080901In this paper few high speed (i.e. as high as 80 GB/s) all-optical logic gates has been studied.<br />These logic gates include a ( 80Gb/s XOR ) gate using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)<br />based Mach-Zehnder interferometer incorporated with a delayed interferometer (DI), The<br />performance of XOR operation has been investigated using numerical simulations. The quality of<br />the XOR result is improved using a (DI) delayed interferometer after the Mach-Zehnder<br />interferometer. . A (80Gb/s XNOR) gate using four wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinear<br />fibers (HNLF) have been studied also, the four wave mixing process is a very fast process in<br />fibers ,the nonlinear Schrödinger equation that describes (FWM) process in fiber is solved<br />numerically using the split-step Fourier transform method ,this scheme is capable of operating at<br />a data rate as high as 250Gb/s ,finally A(40Gb/s) NOR gate operation has been analyzed by a<br />numerical solution of the SOA rate equations. To investigate the quality of NOR operation by<br />simulation, Q factor of the NOR output signal has been calculated. Q factor gives the information<br />of the optical signal to noise ratio in digital transmission .All numerical simulation programs<br />performed through Matt-Lab 7.0 prgram.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26715_8e45a2e25b6e47f1aef50954cb3277b0.pdf