University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Design and Implementation of Secure Public Key Steganography4314442696610.30684/etj.28.3.1ENGhadah Salim MouhamadAlia Karim Abdul HassanJournal Article20100101Several approaches and techniques have been proposed to make<br />communication via the internet secure; one of these approaches is steganography.<br />Steganography is the art and science of hiding communication, a steganographic<br />system thus embeds hidden content in unremarkable cover media so as not to<br />arouse an eavesdropper’s suspicion. In this research the proposed method is a<br />public key steganography technique and it embeds a secret message in digital<br />image with multi level of security. The proposed method uses Discrete Cosine<br />Transform (DCT) to embed a secret message in Bit Mapped Image Format for<br />Microsoft Windows (BMP) image with high invisibility and high correlation<br />between cover-image and stego-image acceptable hiding data rate.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26966_0a236e4d449d922adc5b02c0aa4a5841.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Enhancement of Guidance System using Kalman Filter4454542696710.30684/etj.28.3.2ENYasser Nabeel I. AbdulbakiJournal Article20100101The operation of Modern Guidance System may be separated into two<br />cascaded functions<br />1. Filtering of the noisy measurements obtained from the sensors and 2. Utilization of<br />the estimated parameters to control the required acceleration.<br />Guidance system is enhanced by using 3rd order Kalman filter to estimate the<br />separation distance and its derivatives that needed in optimal controller. Slant range<br />and closing velocity is estimated using 2nd order Kalman filter and they also needed in<br />estimation of time to go.<br />The optimal guidance system is better than the proportional navigation, biased<br />proportional navigation, and the augmented proportional navigation system since it<br />required simple achieved acceleration.<br />Fading memory filter may be used to enhance the navigation system instead<br />of Kalman filter. It is simple in structure and need minimum time but less accuracy<br />than the Kalman filter.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26967_1688ea75922e2cb80e15a3aa527e40f9.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Practical Study for Investigation Proportional Pressure Relief Valve (DBETR-1X/25) Performance4554652696810.30684/etj.28.3.3ENMajid A. OleiwiJournal Article20100101The trend in hydraulic power applications is to improve efficiency and<br />performance of hydraulic systems parts. This paper examines the performances of<br />direct operated proportional pressure relief valve type (DBETR-1X/25). There are<br />limitations to the closed loop performance of the valve when it is included in a<br />valve-controlled electro hydraulic system.<br />Proportional pressure relief valves are one of fundamental important elements<br />for modern hydraulic control systems, which used in protecting all circuit parts<br />from damage. These valves decreases costs and can be employed to obtain many<br />difference pressures by using only one proportional pressure relief valve, which<br />plays a vital role in automation process. Practical results obtained from this work<br />were satisfactory and acceptable. The experimental and theoretical resulls are<br />compared with data sheet from manufacture companies. A small dissimilarity has<br />been found, but it can not be negligible. The results are very important to the<br />designers and engineers, who are working in hydraulic proportional systems field,<br />in helping them to calculate losses accuracy and design applicable circuits to arrive<br />actual ideal performance for hydraulic proportional systems and not to absolutely<br />rely on the company ideal results.<br />The model is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK model (R2008a) and<br />the theoretical results are compared to those obtained practically.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26968_9f973190068c100d71b5ac42fa581de7.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Shifted Chybeshev Polynomials for a Certain System of Fractional Order Integro-Differential Equations4664762696910.30684/etj.28.3.4ENAhmed M. ShukerJournal Article20100101The main goal of this paper lies briefly in submitting and modifying some<br />numerical methods for solving system of linear Fractional order Integro- Differential<br />Equations of Fredholm type (L.FFIDE's). in this method four kinds of shifted<br />Chybeshev polynomials (T*,U*,V*and W*) are used as a bases of independed<br />polynomials approximation fn(x) .The general fractional derivatives of these<br />polynomials are formulated (Da Tn* , Da U n* , Da Vn*andD aWn* ) in the<br />framework of the Riemann-liouville definition .Some numerical examples are<br />solving to show that the different between these polynomials , furthermore<br />Algorithms and programs by using MATLAB program are given .https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26969_443a409f6f95bb4539ece2bf90b73221.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Logical Twofold Integral4774832697010.30684/etj.28.3.5ENJabbar Abbas GhafilJournal Article20100101The aim of this paper is to present a new framework for studying capacities and<br />twofold integral from a point of view of two-valued logic. In this framework, we<br />propose equivalent definitions of capacities and twofold integral that may be more<br />easily interpretable. First, we define a logical capacity, then, we propose definition of<br />logical twofold integral with respect to logical capacities based on the two-valued<br />logic.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26970_2ebded737c9669885ad97d3c766af6b1.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Optimization and Control of Acation Exchanger :1- Steady State Optimization4844912697110.30684/etj.28.3.6ENGhanim M. AlwanLayla A. A. AhmedAhlam. S. MaroofAbeer S. MahmodJournal Article20100101The effect of process variables on the recovery of hardness from water by<br />acation exchanger was studied. At steady state the process could be represented by<br />second order nonlinear emperical model. Although this model was less accurate than<br />the dynamic model,the results show agreement when compared with the experimental<br />data. The steady state optimization model was used to limit the operating conditions of<br />the system. The static feed forward control could be used with the aid of on – line<br />digital computer.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26971_223bd2f049bd45c38d21e30cd32ddaea.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Approximate Solutions of Barker Equation in Parabolic Orbits4924992697210.30684/etj.28.3.7ENMohammed S. RasheedJournal Article20100101The basic motivation of this paper is to apply the Horner‘s method to perform<br />the steps in Newton and improved Newton methods for approximating the Solution<br />of Barker‘s equation in parabolic motion.<br />A simple starting value for the iterative solutions is suggested. Some Numerical<br />applications are presented and show that only little iteration is required to obtain<br />approximate solutions which are found to be accurate and efficient.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26972_5f68e5f61dca33a4dc02b5e6aa14de21.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Proposal of Backtracked Tabu Search (BTS) Algorithm5005082697310.30684/etj.28.3.8ENAhmed Tariq SadiqJournal Article20100101There are several heuristic search techniques, Tabu Search (TS) is one of them.<br />TS based on generating the neighbor states but it has several problems in its work.<br />This paper presents a new version of TS based on backtracking techniques (called<br />BTS) to reduce the effect of these problems. Two case studies have been solved using<br />BTS, 4-Color Map and Traveling Salesman Problem. The proposed algorithm gives<br />good results compare with the original, the iteration numbers are less and the local<br />minimum or non-optimal solutions are less.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26973_4a2d651907e0a2c909fdce0e53f43764.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Effect of Heat Treatment on Notch Sensitivity Factor for Aluminum Alloys5095192697410.30684/etj.28.3.9ENAhmed. N. Al-KhazrajiEmad Abdul Hussein Al-mudhafarJournal Article20100101This study is concerned with the effect of heat treatment (precipitation<br />hardening) on notch sensitivity factor for aluminum alloy (7075). Tests were<br />conducted on four configurations of specimens, three of them which had external<br />circumferential notches with notch radii of 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1 mm. The<br />fourth configuration is un-notched specimens. The alloy samples which were used<br />in fatigue test were subjected to cold working before heat treatment. Dimensions<br />and roughness of the specimens were measured. The fatigue tests were performed<br />for different types of specimens. The (S-N) equation was derived for each group to<br />estimate the fatigue life under any applied stress amplitude. In addition, the<br />strength reduction factor (kf )and notch sensitivity factor (q) were calculated.<br />The results showed that the fatigue strength reduction factor were<br />increased after heat treatment and with decreasing notch radius. Also the notch<br />sensitivity factor increased with increasing notch radius and after heat treatment.<br />The enhancement percentage in notch sensitivity factor after the heat treatment for<br />1 mm radius notch was (22.616%).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26974_f2dc5e009f893c9908b68ede873ea1a0.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Local and Global Uniqueness Theorems of the N-th Order Differential Equations5205242697510.30684/etj.28.3.10ENTahani Ali SalmanSora AliJournal Article20100101Local and Global uniqueness theorem of solutions of the differential equation<br />xn (t) = f (t, x(t), x' (t),..., x(n-1) (t)) , 0 < t < a , a > 0<br />have been obtained, which are applications of Bihari's and Gronwall's inequalitieshttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26975_7aaac90844dbdc28c6e58d80675be868.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Effect of Different Media on the Corrosion Behavior and Some Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy5255362697610.30684/etj.28.3.11ENMajid Hameed AbdulmageedJournal Article20100101This work investigates the effect of different media (0.1N of NaOH, H2SO4<br />and NaCl solution) on the polarization behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy and calculates<br />some of the corrosion parameters such as corrosion potential (Ecorr) and current<br />density (icorr), cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes (bc & ba), and the polarization<br />resistance (Rp) .<br />The results of the polarization resistance indicates that Al-Zn-Mg alloy have<br />resistance in slat solution higher than that observed in acidic and basic solution<br />respectively .<br />Also some of the mechanical properties like the hardness and wear were<br />measured. The results for hardness showed that the untreated alloy in the<br />experimental solutions had higher hardness than those which are treated in salt,<br />acidic , and basic solutions respectively .<br />While the results for the rate of wear at different sliding speeds showed that the<br />rate of wear for the samples that treated in basic solution higher than those for<br />samples which are treated in the acidic and salt solutions . Also the same results<br />were get when measure the rate of wear with different applying loads.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26976_b1c5b26d23682812145f96fe7e6c8446.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Kangaroo A Proposed Stream Cipher Algorithm5375512697710.30684/etj.28.3.12ENAbdul-Monem S. RahmaSuhad AbdulZahra Hassan Al-QuraishiJournal Article20100101Stream cipher designers offer new algorithms by employing the<br />characteristics of the basic structure to get algorithms that have advanced features<br />from security and speed stand point of view. Taking into consideration the benefit<br />from the scientific and technical development at the publish time of their<br />algorithms versions. This research proposes the design of a new efficient and<br />secure stream cipher, named (Kangaroo) which was designed to be more secure<br />than conventional stream cipher systems that use XOR for mixing. The proposed<br />algorithm encompasses two major components. The first part involves the Pseudo<br />Random Number Generator (PRNG) using Rabbit algorithm. And the second part<br />involves a nonlinear invertible round function (combiner) to perform the<br />encryption and decryption processes. This will lead to strengthen the weak XOR<br />combiner. The proposed cipher is not a random number generator alone. Instead it<br />is self-synchronizing stream cipher such that - the cipher text influences its internal<br />functioning. The proposed algorithm uses 16-bytes secret key to encrypt the<br />plaintext which is multiple of 16-bytes up to (264 bytes) length. Also the<br />performance and memory requirements of the proposed system are evaluated. Such<br />that the setup stage requires 1987 operations and the encryption/decryption<br />processes require 4 operations per byte. And the memory requirement is 344 bytes.<br />The implementation was done on a (Pentium IV, 1.79 GHz, 224 MB of RAM) PC,<br />Windows XP, using (Java Builder 7).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26977_20451bce4592e7411c16f0522ca031c8.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Analytical Investigation of 8-Channel Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing Communication System5525612697810.30684/etj.28.3.13ENMohammed Hussian AliJournal Article20100101In this paper, the theoretical 8-channel Dense Wave Division Multiplexing<br />(DWDM) telecommunication system is demonstrated. Laser Diode (LD) source<br />was used for each channel, with external modulator, therefore making the system<br />work at high bit rate. The analytical part was done using a software simulator. All<br />the proposed system components were simulated using Optisystem software offered<br />by Optiwave for testing a DWDM communication system. The 8-channel DWDM<br />spectrum, attenuation, dispersion, and receiver performance was determined.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26978_2dcd89aca1a2995c8465f8bc1fb2c470.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Large-Scale Bubble Column Operating in a Semi – Batch Mode5625782697910.30684/etj.28.3.14ENRahman Sh. AbdulmohsinBalasim A. AbidJournal Article20100101Time-averaged local heat transfer coefficient profiles were studied in a 0.45<br />m bubble column using air-water system. The effect of the superficial gas velocity and<br />axial locations (Z/D) on the heat transfer coefficient and its radial (r/R) profiles were<br />investigated in bubble column. Significant differences were observed between heat<br />transfer coefficients in the axial directions viz. in the bulk flow region (Z/D=4.8)<br />higher than in the distributor region (Z/D=0.28) by 14% -22% for increasing the<br />superficial gas velocity from 0.05-0.45 m/s. The heat transfer coefficients increase<br />with superficial gas velocities and the values in the center of the column were 9–13%<br />greater than those near the wall region .The characteristics of bulk flow region are<br />large variation in radial direction and little in axial direction for the values of heat<br />transfer coefficients.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26979_b0f4870b875ccd7cd888c8e45ab1a6e5.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Computer Controlled System Using Bluetooth Technology5795922698010.30684/etj.28.3.15ENAmmar Y. DaeefRaaed K. IbraheemRaaed F. HassanJournal Article20100101The implementation of monitoring, controlling, and archiving system with<br />data communication based on Bluetooth technology is described. Design and<br />implementation of a temperature sensing and power line frequency measurement<br />system is presented. The application has been accomplished using Bluetooth USB<br />dongle. One of the Bluetooth enabled PC acts as a server. The implementation<br />process consisting of application architecture design, system requirement,<br />software design, hardware design, establish Bluetooth connection, and<br />visualization of measurement data is described in detail. Experimental results<br />show that the designed system is more reliable and easy to use.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26980_36487f22f7ff9d4d8d1ecb4e37a883e6.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Record and Reply Messages In Real Time Systems5936072698110.30684/etj.28.3.16ENEman Yousif NasirJournal Article20100101Many applications with real-time demands are composed of mixed sets of<br />tasks with a variety of requirements. These can be used in the form of standard<br />timing constraints or flow of data. Therefore you need real time multitasking<br />operating system to guarantee within a fixed amount of time. Scheduling<br />Algorithm for real-time multitask operating system is implemented according to<br />the priority of tasks depending on nature of their jobs and need to resource or time.<br />The Scheduling algorithm which used here is event driven, not clock driven.<br />It is necessary in data communication system which is an example of real<br />time system to record the received messages for documentation and for further use<br />like for simulation or computation or reply them. The time which saved with each<br />message is important to be close to the real situation. The system is written in C++<br />programming language under DOS environment.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26981_f1b42ff4c46c60c91837a4dd18a081c5.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Fully - P – Stable Rings6086112698210.30684/etj.28.3.17ENAreej M. AbduldaimJournal Article20100101M.S.Abbas [1] introduced and studied the concept of fully stable Rmodules<br />and called a ring R is fully stable ( pseudo - stable ) if it is fully<br />stable ( pseudo - stable ) R-module . And A.M.Abdul-Daim [2] introduced and<br />studied the concept of fully – stable rings as a generalization of fully stable<br />rings .<br />The purpose of this paper is to generalize the concept of fully<br />pseudo – stable rings to fully – pseudo - stable rings . Some properties and<br />characterizations of fully – pseudo – stable rings are obtained . A condition is<br />given such that a fully – pseudo – stable ring is fully – stablehttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26982_2c438262cb6a92e9c4ad705d07a11905.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Calculating the Focusing Effect of Laser Beam on the Penetrating & Cutting Speed6126202698310.30684/etj.28.3.18ENAbdulla Khudiar AbassJournal Article20100101In as much as employ activity of the laser in industrial applications specially in<br />the drilling & cutting works, it is important to study all variables & factors that affect<br />efficiency & speed of performance such as that processes. In this paper, the study of<br />the focusing effect of laser beam on the penetrating & cutting speed was done, through<br />deriving the mathematical equations, and re-wording it to demonstrating clearly the<br />role of the focusing system on application speed, and calculate the variations of the<br />efficiency of these processes.<br />The results demonstrated that the application speed (penetration, cutting)<br />affected by the changing in the radius of laser beam, these variables were studied from<br />one hand by comparing the cutting speed with and without the beam expander, where<br />in CO2 laser case it raised from (1.56 mm/sec) to (7.78 mm/sec) and from the other<br />hand by using a number of concentrating lenses in the focusing system to show its<br />effects on the application speed. Where the focal length of this lenses has a negative<br />effect on the degradation of the cutting speed while, it has a double negative effect on<br />the degradation of the penetration speed, where the degradation in penetration and<br />cutting speed (0.574) and (0.384) respectively with change in collimated lens focal<br />length about (100 - 200 mm).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26983_255536ba79868f68e06524b983e26de6.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101The Collocation Method for Solving the Linear Fredholm Integral Equation of the Second Kind Using Bernstein Polynomials6216252698410.30684/etj.28.3.19ENHussain Ali Al -JubouryShymaa Hussain SalihJournal Article20100101Integral equation of the second kind which has, extensively, been solved by<br />different ways, but not this one that deals with the collocation method using Bernstein<br />polynomials together with some useful examples to declare the method.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26984_aea738471d8d38893493d0b04ec19abf.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028320100101Using of Brucellins and Their Fractionation Peaks in Immunization Against Brucellosis6266312698510.30684/etj.28.3.20ENIbrahim A.AlzubaidySalim H. DhahirMohammed K. AmeanJournal Article20100101A number of criteria have been considered during this study. These criteria include preparation and fractionation of brucellins using chromatography. Several peaks were obtained in each brucellin fractionation.<br />The third criteria was immunization of 5 groups of guinea pigs .The fourth criteria was the using of serum of immunized animals in ELISA test against peaks resulted from fractionation . Peak 1 of Rev1 brucellins show the highest positive results and considered as the responsible part of immunization against brucellosis .https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_26985_410587c56590c27028ffb9fe2683fab3.pdf