University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Study of Some Structural, Electrical Properties of CuS Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method3013172724810.30684/etj.28.8.14ENJournal Article20100401In this research CuS thin films have been prepared by Spray pyrolysis to study<br />their structural, electrical properties .The results of (X-Ray ) diffraction also illustrate<br />that highest degree of phases purity can do obtained by increasing the concentration of<br />copper salts , conversely , films may have multi-phase structure and incorporate<br />impure insulator phases.The films ,which were prepared from copper chloride ,<br />develop the highest degree of phase homogeneity . The results of electrical<br />measurements represented by Hall effect , resistivity and temperature variation of<br />conductivity illustrate from the mobility of the charge carrier has value of<br />(0.02~1.31cm2V-1s-1), Temperature variation of Conductivity has been explained in<br />terms of occurrin in the films . Although , high activation energy (0.17~0.67eV) at<br />relatively low temperature refers to the probability of involving ionic Conductivity.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27248_84f7ab2eb88ecad8ab2205222b7653c7.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401The Effect of Organic Matter’s Content on the Engineering Properties of Expansive Soils3183342724910.30684/etj.28.8.15ENJournal Article20100401The aim of this work is to study the effect of organic matter content on the<br />Engineering properties of expansive clayey soils. Soil from the district of<br />Qadisiyah the second ,in Mosul have been used. Its engineering properties were<br />indicated. For the resemblance to the organic soils, dry leaves of the wide spread<br />trees all over Iraq (Youkaliptous) was used.<br />The crushed dry leaves, passing sieves No.40 were mixed with the soil, with<br />the amount (5, 10, and 15) % from dry weight of soil, then, samples engineering<br />properties were indicated. The study concluded that the presence of organic<br />matters can cause instability in soil properties generally, so that its decrease the<br />plasticity(more than 35%), shrinkage(25% decreasing at 15% organic content)well<br />as high compressibility due to gaining low strength. It has been observed, as well,<br />that high organic matters cause decrease in shear strength(more than 50%<br />decreasing in cohesion at 15% organic content) and considerably increase in the<br />optimum moisture content(25%) with decrease of the dry unit weight.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27249_6ca98231ff45b42a5eaf8010f67d48cd.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Engineering Requirement Development of Barium Ferrite as Absorbent Radar Waves Material3353462725110.30684/etj.28.8.16ENJournal Article20100401This research is a treatment trying of the Barium ferrite properties which<br />obstacle the using its as an absorbent materials for Radar waves. These obstacles<br />are the high cost, bad mechanical properties and heavy weight, The solution is<br />prepareing a new composite material , its matrix is the kaolin and filled by Barium<br />ferrite. 5% and 15% of barium ferrite have enhanced the mechanical properties of<br />prepared a samples pressed at 69.4 Mρa and sintered at 1150 C˚ for two hours and<br />2ºC/min. and 3ºC/min as a heating and cooling rates respectively. The first<br />percentage has a (0.224) reflective index for 0.8 GHz and 2mm thickness and<br />(0.093) for 10.4 GHz and 2mm thickness.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27251_1c6d175eadcd7dbed7470822cd0ad534.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Study the Temperature Effect on the Dynamic Response for a Camshaft by Using the Combined Finite Element - Transfer Matrices Method3473752725310.30684/etj.28.8.17ENJournal Article20100401The present work studies the effect of temperature on the dynamic response for<br />a camshaft as rotor –bearing system contains branches. The effect of temperature<br />distribution along camshaft length on the critical speeds and on the distribution of<br />lateral amounts of vibration (eigen mode) along camshaft length with three<br />dimension are accounted for. Also this work considers the multi effect of<br />temperature distribution and bearings number and its positions. The response has<br />been calculated at different interval of time with different temperatures.<br />The study has been applied on petrol engine camshaft of Volkswagen 1994 car<br />with 4 cylinders; the camshaft has 8 cams, 5 bearings, total length of 39.5cm and<br />total weight of 2.32Kg working with rang (20-80Cº) and SAE 40 oil type. The<br />dynamic investigation of the camshaft has been achieved depending on the<br />combined Finite Element – Transfer Matrices technique (FETM). It is accounted<br />for the shear effect and gyroscopic effect of camshaft gear and the effect of<br />unbalance forces resulting from the existence of the out of balance of the shaft and<br />cams masses, Also it considered the dynamic loads that are applied on the cams<br />surfaces and the temperature effect on the material elasticity and rigidity. Eight<br />coefficients of damping and stiffness have been computed for each bearing at each<br />angle of rotation with the considering of the temperature effect on the bearing's oil<br />viscosity. A FORTRAN language computer programs have been developed to<br />embrace the theoretical work, the programs are able to calculate the camshaft<br />dynamic response and its critical speeds, Also calculating forces on cams surfaces<br />as a function of camshaft rotation angle.<br />It has been found that there are a certain critical speeds and eigen modes for<br />each temperature distribution, In general case, the results show that the critical<br />speeds values decrease as temperature increases and the gradient in the speeds<br />depends on the rank of critical speed. Also it has been found that the reduction of<br />bearings number leads to reduce the values of critical speeds and the reduction<br />ratio depends on temperature and the rank of critical speed. Also it has been found<br />that the distribution of lateral amounts of vibration are affected by the eight<br />coefficients of the bearing wich are changed according to the temperature, speed<br />and camshaft rotation angle.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27253_710ad3a73644eea64821123940af31a6.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Determination of effecting factors on enzyme activity (Endo-1-4- β-D glucanase) isolated from fungi3763902725510.30684/etj.28.8.18ENJournal Article20100401This study was designed for determination of effecting factors on increasing of<br />enzyme activity (Endo-1-4-β-D- glucanase) isolated from fungi. The stable surface<br />incubation (SSF) of Aspergillus niger after twelve days gave higher enzymatic<br />activity of 0.55 unit per mL. After the choosing of optimum circumstances of A.<br />niger culture on 8th day we found that the highest enzymatic activity 5.20 unit per<br />mL. And that mean 9th times and reducing 96 hour from operationhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27255_e91109dde22b113aa4d27e2b781ad3d9.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Using chemical etching technique to determination the crystal orientation for silicon wafer3913972725710.30684/etj.28.8.19ENJournal Article20100401Abstract<br />The crystal orientation of a semiconductor play a significant role to effects the<br />characteristics of manufactured semiconductor solar cells and the optical detectors.<br />In this research we use the chemical etching technique and microscopic testing<br />to determine the crystal orientation of the silicon wafer, where mechanical<br />polishing and Wet Etching described the geometric dislocations pits which refers<br />to thecrystallographicorientation. Microscopic examination has been describing<br />differences geometric dislocations pits which reflected from plane (111) in the<br />silicon wafer, by the impact of different chemical solutions. CP-4 etch appear<br />dislocations pits in geometric forms flat trigonometric, while using KOH solution<br />show that pits in conical shape which refers to the vector [111] for silicon wafer.<br />In this work acid chromium oxide solution has been used to showing the<br />geometric dislocations pits of plane (100) in the forms of four fold flat symmetry<br />which refers to that plane in Silicon wafer, as the distribution of Miller Indices in<br />the cubic system.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27257_054ff0403f8b1709cdfd73541a7f8e3f.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Computer Aided Manufacturing Cost Estimation for Plastic Product3984192725910.30684/etj.28.8.20ENJournal Article20100401Cost is one of the foundations which the producer and the customer depend<br />on it to distinction between the products Therefore, we find that efforts are being<br />made to control the cost of manufacturing a product to satisfy the desire of the<br />costumer (high quality and less costs) and achieve the objectives of the company.<br />Used for the purpose of the Estimate the manufacturing product cos tdifferent<br />mathematical methods such as (the traditional cost estimating method , Activity<br />based costing estimating method , parametric cost estimating method … ) that<br />can be used manually to resolve the problems of small and few variables, and use<br />of computer software to help in solving the big problems. The most accurate<br />method in estimating the cost of manufacturing product cost becouse its one of quantitative methods to be followed to measure the cost and performance for each<br />activity, and activating the role of oversight based on the continuous comparison<br />between what has been achieved in the workplace and the plans and evaluate the<br />level of achievement.The process of estimating the manufacturing product cost in<br />a productive firm is done by determining the cost of use the equipment, machines,<br />tools, employees hours, the information required to produce the products, as well<br />as the cost of service activities and administrative costs. To utilize from the similar<br />cost of previous products to make the estimating process with some changes<br />counting on the type of the material and the complex degree of the product.<br />The research focuses on studying and estimating the manufacturing cost and<br />applied it on one of the plastic products made by the General Company of<br />Electrical Products via using estimating the cost method that depends on the<br />activities and how they consuming the available resources in the productive firm.<br />Computers used in designing and creating a computer system, to calculate and<br />estimate the total cost of the products by using (Visual Basic.net). In addition,<br />comparing the results of this research with the actual ones in a firm adopting the<br />hand basis utilized from the accumulated experience of the estimator.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27259_9b6feccdd9cb19bed9d51b54334c4970.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Study of Corrosion Behavior of Metal Matrix Composite Based on Al-Alloy (7020) Prepared by Atomization150215142723010.30684/etj.28.8.1ENMuhammad S. WaheedMuna K. AbbassJournal Article20100401An experimental procedure has been fully formulated and carried out to<br />prepare composite material of an aluminum (alloy 7020) matrix reinforced by Al2O3 particles with weight percentages of 5%, 7% and 10% and its particle size of (+53-75)μm using molten metal atomization technique. These experiments involve the preparation of aluminum matrix composite (AMCS) materials and study their Corrosion resistance in 3.5% solution of NaCl at temperature degrees 30˚C, 38˚C and 45˚C using various testing techniques. These include electrochemical corrosion and optical microscopy .<br />The corrosion rate was found to increase as the temperature was nominally raised from 30˚C to 38˚C and 45˚C for the 10%wt of alumina in atomized AMCS samples in 3.5% NaCl solution. At a temperature of 30˚C the corrosion rate was found to rise with increasing percentages of Al2O3 particles for 5%, 7% and 10% atomized samples. This is due to galvanic corrosion between the matrix and the second phases (MgAl2O4) and (MgO) in microstructure of AMCS. Optical microscope showed a profound appearance of general corrosion in all microstructural area and grain boundaries.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27230_db1ff97eb95a4cb099fd3f8d6d100659.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Diffraction Grating and Periodic Surface on Porous Silicon151515242723110.30684/etj.28.8.2ENM. S. MohammedB. G. RasheedR. K. SoniJournal Article20100401Fabrication of micrometer size laser-induced periodic surface structures (ripples)<br />on single crystalline silicon by laser beam irradiation of wavelength (810 nm) in HF<br />electrolyte has been reported. Nonlinear changes of the refractive index are observed<br />due to the interaction of laser light with silicon nanoparticles. Spatial self-phase<br />modulated optical fringes were used to study the nonlinear optical response of<br />nanocrystalline silicon produced by laser-induced etching process.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27231_5d0922fdc2404bb46e7dd761e9b1e2ab.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Studying the Effect of the Percentage of Cutting Fluid and Cutting Speed on Surface Roughness152515342723310.30684/etj.28.8.3ENSalah Kareem JawadAbdullah F. HauierJournal Article20100401The purposes of cutting fluids (MWF) which are used in the mechanical<br />machining operation are important to make cutting easy, and increase the rate of<br />productivity. It is now very important subject because the direct effect to produce<br />best surface roughness and negative effect on work environment and worker. This<br />paper studies the effect of using cutting fluids on the surface roughness of the<br />product. The Iraqi soluble cutting type was used, in the experimental work, special<br />study to do a number of experiments to choose the best metal cutting parameter<br />such as (cutting speed, condition depth of cut paper, and feed rate) ,also its effects<br />on the surface roughness. In this paper was used (low alloy steel) and cutting tool<br />of (Tungsten Carbide) were used which have a high hardness. Different cutting<br />speeds were used with constant cutting depth and feed rates. was used three<br />different mixtures in different percentages of the fluid with water and by two<br />methods of using cutting fluid, the first method is flooding method and the second<br />is misting method with average of (480 mL/hrs) for three mixtures from the fluid.<br />From the results appear the best operation case to gain best surface roughness for<br />product is by use flooding method with ratio (1:20) (oil: water) with linear cutting<br />speed (94.2m/min). Which gives surface roughness of (0.01 m m). Will have<br />noted the direct effect of the cutting fluid and the water drop on the fluid on the<br />surface roughness.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27233_665140f645dccfcde9931363bbd9438e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Temperature Profile Measurement in Non-Premixed Turbulent Flame Near Lean Limit of LPG/Air Mixture153515442723410.30684/etj.28.8.4ENHayder Abed DhahadJournal Article20100401The current research was carried out on the topic of non-Premixed turbulent<br />flames.<br />The temperature profile of non- premixed turbulent flame of lean LPG/Air<br />mixture were obtained.<br />A simple jet burner with two different inside diameter and having two different<br />perforated plates was designed in order to achieve turbulent flow .<br />The temperature was obtained at the two diameters and different positions for<br />perforated plates. The temperature profiles were obtained by using a fine<br />thermocouple ( 0.2mm diameter ) at height ( 3mm ) above the burner mouth. The<br />maximum temperature for all cases was found at flame edge, and start decreasing<br />for both sides .https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27234_489a7342cacb83b515775861021be396.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Evaluation of Observed Energy From Adiabatic Impact on Composite Lamenates154515672723510.30684/etj.28.8.5ENKadhim H. GhlaimJournal Article20100401In this paper, the energy observed due to impact of conical projectiles on<br />composite laminates is investigated. Four types of energies observed were studied.<br />They are strain energy due to deformation of plate, large deformation near the<br />impact zone, delaminating energy and energy losses due to friction.<br />The equation of motion of plate was developed for orthotropic laminated<br />plate and solved with its boundary conditions. Large deformation of delaminated<br />zone was derived assuming deformation shape formulation to calculate the<br />penetration depth and delaminating radius. Delaminating energy was calculated<br />by solving the delaminating failure criteria with equation of motion. Friction<br />energy was calculated assuming constant friction coefficient.<br />The results show that the energy of deformation of plate is smaller than<br />that for the large deformation and delaminating energy. And as cone angle<br />increases the energy observed will be increased and the depth of penetration<br />decreases. Numerical and experimental results quoted in published papers show a<br />good agreement with that of the presented work.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27235_8f897e8c696b67b3ed9214a52f1dd905.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Proposed Photonic Integrated Circuit For Photonic Networks156715802723910.30684/etj.28.8.6ENHassanain M. HassanJournal Article20100401Optical technologies have great potential for the implementation of high-speed<br />systems due to their potential for a decrease in size, weight and power<br />consumption and an increase in speed, capacity, bandwidth and integration degree.<br />In this paper a study for the Integrated Photonics properties versus Integrated<br />Electronics had been presented, different types of photonic components are<br />maintained, the fabrication technology is explained using the Encoder/Correlator<br />on GaAs-Based Photonic Integrated Circuit for Photonic Networks, various limits<br />and challenges are discussed, different suggestion are discussed for the future.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27239_812e8408cb8cd5492a6f59f3b2163bbd.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401The Mathematical Description of End Mill Cutters and Effective Radius of Tool Geometry on Multi-Axis Milling159616142724110.30684/etj.28.8.7ENAhmed A.AbdulwahhabJamal H. MohamedBahha I. KazemJournal Article20100401The mathematical modeling and detailed algorithms are derived in this paper<br />to describe the geometrical shape of end mill cutters for multi-axis milling machining.<br />Details of the geometry analysis techniques are presented to understand the effective<br />cutting shape. Three types of cutters are taken in the present paper. Finally, the<br />procedures of finding the instantaneous cutting profile and local geometry analysis are<br />discussed. The techniques presented in this paper can be used to eliminate errors of<br />milling tool path generation in the area of simultaneous multi-axis NC complex surface<br />machining.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27241_6809a94542c71f50663792697500e2b3.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Improvement Personalization of Website Using Database and Cookies159616142724210.30684/etj.28.8.8ENEkhlas Khalaf GbashiJournal Article20100401Personalization involves taking some set of inputs and returning<br />recommendations to users through some types of computations. The method by which<br />the personalization is performed depend on the type of data presented as input, the<br />required representation of the output and (in some cases) the speed and accuracy by<br />which the output must be computed.<br />This research tends to build the personalization in a new view, since it builds the<br />personalization in the client in addition of the personalization in the server and using<br />mobile agent. That by making the personalization for improvement the speed and<br />efficiency of search in crawling, producing a technique, that technique involve<br />recording the previous user’s searches in cookies and databases then if the user try to<br />make a search on other time the proposed system will produce to him all the previous<br />search’s results and the latest results from www. The tools used in the proposed<br />system are SQL server 2000, HTML, ASP, Java script and two computers one<br />presents server and the second presents the client.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27242_dcdca2f42b3f837c882a996d6a95184e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Effect of Pore Water Pressure Parameters on The Stability of AL-Ad'daim Earth Dam161516332724310.30684/etj.28.8.9ENKais T. Al-ShlashEman Fazaa AliHaider H.AlwashJournal Article20100401The construction and operation of earth dams (homogeneous and those of clay cores) are<br />normally controlled by the pore water pressure generated during these stages. These pore water<br />pressures are the main reason behind the dam deformations, settlements, and instability.<br />Throughout the experimental part of the study, a large number of classification tests, physical<br />tests, and B -stress path tests were carried out. In the theoretical part of the study, the finite<br />element analysis was adopted to assess the effect of the pore water pressure parameters of the<br />marl (dam core) and the water contents of the compacted core layers on the expected<br />deformations and stability of an earth dam throughout the construction and operation stageshttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27243_8184cae82895a13a72417fea73dd4f5b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Vibration Characteristics of Different Cross-Section Pipes With Different End Conditions163416532724410.30684/etj.28.8.10ENMuhsin J.JweegZahid Ibrahim MohammadJournal Article20100401This paper investigates the effect of end conditions on the vibration characteristics<br />of a pipe conveying fluid with different cross sections such as (sudden enlargement<br />and sudden contraction). The governing equation of motion for this system is derived<br />by using beam theory. Three types of end pipe supports (flexible, simply and rigid)<br />were adopted to investigate their effects on the vibration characteristics. Also, the<br />effect of some design parameters like pipe diameter, length, pipe material, and the<br />effect of fluid velocity were investigated.<br />Two different pipe systems of different diameters were investigated, model-1<br />[12.7mm, 25.4mm, 12.7mm] and model-2 [6.35mm, 12.7mm, 6.35mm] with length<br />[0.25m, 0.5m, 0.25m] and model-3 with same diameter for model-1 but with length<br />[0.5m, 0.5m, 0.5m]. Three pipe materials were tried, copper, steel and aluminum. The<br />effect of Reynolds number between (500 - 1500) was also investigated. The dynamic<br />behavior of a pipe conveying fluid is described by means of transfer matrix method. A<br />Matlab- R2007 language computer program has been developed in this study to predict<br />the vibration response.<br />The results of Matlab program were compared with those from ANSYS-11<br />program and it is found that there is a good agreement between them.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27244_505ab801bfdd4722075df6ce094759e1.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401A New Method For Three Dimensional Cubic Bezier Surface Reconstruction Based On Matching The Surface Framework165416712724510.30684/etj.28.8.11ENWissam K. HamdanJournal Article20100401Numerous efforts have been directed to convert the physical model ( in-hand<br />model) to a computer model. This work is dedicated for the cubic Bezier surface<br />reconstruction based on finding the positions of the sixteen control points that form the<br />surface of the product. The idea is based on inverse progressive search (IPS) method<br />rather than the approximate surface fitting method already used in previous researches.<br />The presented method is based on three successive steps:(a) converting the continuous<br />coordinate measuring machine (CMM) data to discrete data,(b) estimating the<br />positions of the 12 boundary control points and (c) estimating the positions of the 4<br />intermediate control points to generate the intended surface. To show the feasibility of<br />the suggested method two experimental examples are conducted. The results show the<br />validity and effectiveness of the method from the accuracy and computation time point<br />of view.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27245_9a3ea1cea0a38d4d220d3c8a037e88fc.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Design and Implementation of Performance Counters for Real Time Database Server Clients167216912724610.30684/etj.28.8.12ENAsia Ali SalmanJournal Article20100401The aim of this research is to monitor, check, and do the necessary<br />refinements for the performance of clients working with Database server in the<br />real time environment. If there are a number of clients in the network need to<br />access Database server designed for distributed real time system in particular<br />sequence, this will cause many bottlenecks in the system, making the work of the<br />system unstable, especially in critical systems such as that of power and water<br />distribution. A designed performance counters and objects were added to each<br />client to know who makes the bottlenecks, also they will be used while developing<br />and debugging the clients when they access the Database server on the network in<br />order to tune the performance of the system. After completing the designed system<br />and installing it at the target, the counters can help system administrators to adjust<br />configurable settings for that system. Using this new performance counters in the<br />execution time will help to see the effect of clients on each other, on network, and<br />on performance of the Database server. The results show that, the designed<br />performance counters can detect the bottlenecks which are caused by week points<br />in Client’s program code, so they will help the programmers to amendment and<br />redistribute the client’s program code on the network with minimum errors when<br />accessing DB server.Windows NT/XP/2000 provides a mechanism for developers<br />to add performance objects and counters for their applications and other software<br />components. These objects and counters can provide performance data to<br />Windows NT/XP/2000 Performance Monitor.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27246_c80f85012e6241dc7610309d77f180f5.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028820100401Study of the Mechanical Properties by Using Thermo- Mechanical Processing of Alloy Steel169217052724710.30684/etj.28.8.13ENAmin D. ThamirMohammed H. HafizMahdi Mutar HanoonJournal Article20100401The purpose of this work is to study the effects of thermo mechanical<br />treatments to improve mechanical properties of the alloy steel (DIN 42 Cr Mo4), such<br />as tensile strength, toughness, and hardness. All mechanical factors affected by the<br />metallurgical changes in alloy like microstructure refinement and appearing new<br />phases are thoroughly discussed.<br />Heating was done in induction furnace at 1150oC and specimens were forged<br />in temperature of 1000oC but the forging process was done with different forging<br />loads (deformation percentage) with values of (800, 1000, 2500 and 4000 tons) with a<br />deformation percentages of (26%, 31%, 45% and 61%) respectively.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27247_586f353eec7255526a428f05a7caef00.pdf