University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Build a New Biological Treatment Laboratory System to Reduce Pollution of Some Inorganic and Organic Pollutants in Industrial Wastewater4204332727810.30684/etj.28.9.15ENJournal Article20100401Instruction and implementation of a new laboratory biological treatment<br />system -unit . The complete removing was achieved after 7 days . The hydraulic<br />were achieved to reduce the pollution of industrial wastewater of artificial<br />fertilizers company with some inorganic pollutants ( NH4<br />+<br />, NO2<br />-<br />, NO3<br />-<br />AND<br />SO4<br />2- ) and organic ( Biological Oxygen Demand , BOD5 ; urea and Total<br />Suspended Solids ,TSS ). The modified culture media ,by me , were used to<br />optimize the specific variables related to this study . Immobilized technique was<br />used in all units of biological system that consists of Mixo- unit with non discrete<br />spaces, Denitrifying and Sulfate reducing units .<br />The mixo-unit was operated by Fed- batch technique of the whole volume<br />meanwhile the other units by batch technique . In laboratory artificial medium<br />(ND- A ) the primary concentration of ammonium and sulfate were 1300 mg / l<br />and 3800 mg / l and reduced to 50% and 45% respectively in Mixoretention time<br />required to reduce 500 and 1300 mg / l of ammonium and sulfate respectively in<br />fed- batch culture was 40 hr . The retention time of fed- batch became stable at a<br />range of 25 -26 hr in removing the same concentrations and not across the<br />environmental limitations of NO2<br />-<br />, NO3<br />- , in addition to reduce the BOD to the<br />allowable concentration . The ammonium , nitrite and nitrate were reduced after 4<br />and 3 days for pretreated and disposed treated wastewater respectively using<br />Mixo- unit and batch technique . Nitrate was removed by concentration of 500 mg /<br />l in denitrifying unit using the modified medium ( O3a – A) . The sulfate was<br />removed in modified medium ( C- medium) by concentration of 2129 mg / l<br />during 3 days using batch technique and anaerobic conditions.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27278_903c5762d58a7627a52dee401fd8a81f.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Effect of Aluminizing Process on The Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Type (305)4344432727910.30684/etj.28.9.16ENJournal Article20100401The aim of this work is to study the thermal surface treatment by Aluminizing<br />process of stainless steel (305) to modify the mechanical properties of the surface<br />by pack cementation process. The coating process was done with various periods<br />of time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) hours and temperatures (900 1000 1100)°C. The results<br />showed that the thickness of coating layer was increased with the increment of<br />time and temperature. The microhardness values of coating layer was reduced<br />from the outer surface to the core, also the results showed that the highest<br />microhardness of the coating was obtained at period of (6) hours and temperature<br />of (900, 1000, 1100)°C, also the highest bending stress was obtained at the period<br />of (6) hours and at all temperature.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27279_2f9f4bc618c1694052017721b4c1a206.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401The Immunological And Cytogenetic Effects of Cars Exhaust on Exposed People4444532728010.30684/etj.28.9.17ENJournal Article20100401This investigation which was extended from Jan – Nov (2008) aimed to<br />study the effects of cars smoke on the immunological and genetic parameters for<br />(30) people exposed to cars smoke, their ages were ranging from (20-45) years<br />compared with (15) rare exposed people as negative controls.<br />Cytogenetic parameters were showed significant increase in the mitotic<br />index (MI), blastogenic index (BI), and chromosomal aberrations (CA), in exposed<br />group.<br />The immune stimulus was decreased significantly in exposed group by<br />reducing the phagocytic percent and Phagocytic Index, the total count of W.B.C.<br />were decreased significantly in the exposed people as well as the hemoglobin<br />concentration as compared with rare exposed people, while the differential count of<br />W.B.C. showed decreasing in both of the lymphocytes and monocytes while the<br />eosenophile raised in number in exposed people.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27280_d625d9c05790c7394e9b75dcf1e24f6a.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401An Experimental Study on The Effect of Permeable Slot Width on The Performance of Two - Dimensional Diffuser4544662728110.30684/etj.28.9.18ENJournal Article20100401The present study deals with incompressible turbulent flow. The flow<br />regarded as fully developed in two-dimensional diffuser. For completion of this<br />study a number of test models of modified diffusers designed and manufactured<br />with a six modified diffuser models were designed and manufactured with (3, 4<br />mm) permeable slot and each with (10◦ ,15◦ , 20◦) divergent angle . The air was<br />used as working fluid during the experimental Program at different Reynolds<br />numbers ranging between (6.85 × 104) to (1.64 × 105) at the duct inlet.<br />The results obtained showed that location of separation delayed by decreasing<br />the divergent angle and increasing the Reynolds number. The static pressure<br />coefficient recovery increased with the decreasing the diffuser area ratio<br />(AR).Also, the width of the permeable slot (4mm) in the modified diffuser at<br />divergent angles (10◦,15◦,20◦), enhances the static pressure coefficient recovery<br />(Cp) over the case of permeable slot of (3mm) with (23.25%),( 27.33%), and<br />(33.61%), respectively, and for the case of permeable slot of (2mm) with<br />(29.22%), (34.74%) and (40.88%), respectively, and with the case of no<br />permeable slot with (410.13%) , (44.09%), and (51.01%), respectively.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27281_bf679eee3992a4c9b4eced43fc6b1edd.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Synchronous Comparison of Different Solar Water Heaters Design4674782728210.30684/etj.28.9.19ENJournal Article20100401In this paper an experimental study of different design of solar water heaters<br />was carried out. all the used solar water heaters work on the thermosiphone theory.<br />The experimental study includes testing of four solar water heaters. The first one is<br />a Evacuated tube solar heater flat produced by Denka-China. The second one is a<br />flat plate solar water heater produced by the general company for electrical<br />industries/Baghdad, it's in working since 2001 and it was used for testing after<br />simple maintenance. The third one is a flat plate solar water heater produced by<br />solar energy research center/Baghdad, which is in work in 2007, it is similar to the<br />first one but with some differences in design and material . The last one is a<br />portable type - solar water heater.<br />The testing was done for a period of time from February to July 2007. The<br />performance was tested of the collectors with no load conditions and with different<br />rate of load conditions. The no load testing results showed that performance for the<br />solar water heater produced by Denka Company is better than other solar water<br />heaters. The flat plate solar water heater produced by solar energy research center<br />have good performance and it’s the nearest to the performance of a Evacuated tube solar heaters from otheres heaters. Water withdraw results show an improvement in<br />daily efficiency for the four solar water heaters, where the efficiency of<br />solar water heaters is (55% - 66%) for the first heater, (48% - 57%) for the second<br />heater, (51% - 62%) for the third heater and (20% - 35%) for the fourth heater.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27282_193e3d0a22d41964e7f67833971e2d10.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Production of Single Cell Protein From Industrial Waste by Aspergillus Niger4794842728310.30684/etj.28.9.20ENJournal Article20100401Single cell protein (SCP) was yield by using of bioreactor from A. niger<br />which is grown on the waste paper. The yields for both cases; in the fifth day was<br />9.06gm/L regardless chemical treatment and third day was 18.90 with chemical<br />treatment.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27283_a15ac04054a9c3aca5c26fe4ac44ef70.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401FPGA Simulation of Type-3 Feistel Network of The 128 bits Block Size Improved Blowfish Cryptographic Encryption170717182726410.30684/etj.28.9.1ENAshwaq Talib HashimYousra A. MohammedEkhlas H. KaramJournal Article20100401Reprogrammable devices such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)<br />are highly attractive options for hardware implementations of encryption algorithms<br />as they provide cryptographic algorithm agility, physical security, and potentially<br />much higher performance than software solutions , therefore this paper investigates a<br />hardware design to efficiently implement block ciphers in VHDL based on FPGA’s.<br />This hardware design is applied to the new secret-key block cipher called 128-bits<br />improved Blowfish is proposed which is an evolutionary improvement of 64-bits<br />Blowfish designed to meet the requirements of the Advanced Encryption Standard<br />(AES) to increase security and to improve performance. The proposed algorithm will<br />be used a variable key size up to 192 bytes. It is a Type-3 Feistel network iterated<br />simple function 16 times.<br />The resources used to implement the design just described are: the VHDL<br />hardware description language, an FPGA platform from Xilinx and the Xilinx<br />Synthesis Technology (XST) software synthesis tools that belong to ISE 9.2i package.<br />The device of choice is the XCV600-4fg680 belonging to the Virtex family of<br />devices.<br />In this paper, a pipeline and sequential methods are used to get a high<br />througput (2.893Gbps) and a low area hardware design respectively.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27264_f11a87823deba5beb38ef5f9f3758b1f.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Effect of Chemical Solutions on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composite Reinforced With Glass Fibers171917272726510.30684/etj.28.9.2ENEmad S. AL-HassaniJournal Article20100401Hand lay-up molding is used for preparing sheets of epoxy composites<br />reinforced with chopped strand mat (randomly direction) glass fibers by weight<br />fraction of (44%). The sheets were left to solidify at room temperature (23± 2) ˚C. The<br />samples immersed in (HCL, KOH, distilled water, Benzene, and Kerosene) for equal<br />period of time at constant temperature (23± 2) ˚C. The impact and compressive<br />strength were calculated for the samples before and after immersion in different<br />chemical solutions.<br />The results shown that the impact strength of the samples that immersed in<br />(HCL, KOH) solutions were decreased after immersion, while the impact strength of<br />the samples immersed in (distilled water, Benzene, Kerosene) were increased after<br />immersion.The results showed also that the compression strength of the samples<br />immersed in (HCL, KOH, distilled water) decreased after immersion, while the<br />compressive strength of the samples immersed in (Benzene, Kerosene) were increased<br />after immersion. Finally the results showed that the maximum relative mass gain<br />(minimum absorption resistance) was of the samples immersed in (HCL) solution in<br />both impact and compression test. While the minimum relative mass gains (maximum<br />absorption resistance) was of the samples immersed in (KOH) solution in both testshttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27265_0be24a45a979a510f964a3a74f682e55.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Surface Area of Porous Silicon172817342726610.30684/etj.28.9.3ENMayasa AbdulWahid ShanonMayada H.MouhsenApplied Sciences Department, University of Technology/BaghdadBassam G.RasheedCollege of Dentistry, University of Baghdad /BaghdadJournal Article20100401The surface area of porous silicon layers produced by different methods has<br />been measured in this work. It is found that the surface area of the porous silicon<br />is optimum when high laser power density is used to etch n –type silicon wafer via<br />the laser induced etching process compared with that for porous silicon produced<br />by lower laser power density or by electrochemical etching process. A scanning<br />electron microscope (SEM) micrographs were used to estimate the surface area.<br />The surface area of the porous layer is strongly dependent on the porous layer<br />geometry and its depth.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27266_9a5e1655e3650d66be09129ebfba922b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Inverse Kinematics-Based Trajectory Generation For Robot-Assisted 3D Surface Machining173517462726710.30684/etj.28.9.4ENWissam K. Hamdan SarrajiJournal Article20100401Machining and tracking of 3D surfaces using industrial robot is not a new<br />method, but the new in this paper is the use of simple trigonometric relations in<br />the calculations of robots joints variables by using the inverse kinematics<br />approach rather than the previous conventional methods like forward kinematics,<br />decoupling, and sensor based machining. Calculations of the joints variables are<br />mainly based on knowing the robot reference point (origin point) and the<br />coordinates of the tip of the end effectors which is the cutter contact point (CC-P)<br />at the surface. The coordinate of the cutter location point (CL-P) is the coordinate<br />of the normal vector that passing through the intended cutter contact point. The<br />joints variables are calculated based on simple trigonometric relationships. The<br />results of the proposed method are verified based on hand-made simulation<br />programs organized for this purpose. The simulation results explore the high<br />accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method and its high speed in prediction of<br />joints variables.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27267_c796532dc3261834bd3971b803ea601e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Simple Sliding Mode Controller with Adaptive Fuzzy Saturation Function for Nonlinear Single Input-Single Output System174717562726810.30684/etj.28.9.5ENHanady A. JaberNahida N.KadhimSamyaa Y. MuhammadJournal Article20100401Sliding mode control algorithm that uses fuzzy saturation function is designed in<br />this paper for nonlinear system. The fuzzy saturation function is suggested to improve<br />the accuracy and the robustness of the sliding mode control which are partially lost<br />when using a fixed boundary layer. The fuzzy saturation function is simple, in the<br />sense that both the membership functions and the rule base are simple. The overall<br />control algorithm has stability assurance for the closed-loop controlled system;<br />therefore, it may be applied to control different systems, in this paper this algorithm is<br />applied on nonlinear SISO system with 10%parameter uncertainty and nonlinear<br />disturbance. Simulation results show that the developed algorithm has good control<br />performance with negligible chattering.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27268_ede7e398f07c95530f19f985e76bb98e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Scabbing and Perforation Local Effect of Impactors on Concrete Structures175717702726910.30684/etj.28.9.6ENEyad K. S. Al-hachameeHussein A.AzeezJournal Article20100401This paper only deals with the effect of hard missile impact (impacting missile<br />is so stiff that its deformability is negligible to the target deformability) and missile<br />velocity between 28 to 103m/s are considered. Available formulae for prediction<br />the scabbing and perforation thickness of concrete structure impacted by solid<br />missile are summarized and reviewed. Based on statistical analysis of existing data,<br />two new more safe formulae have been proposed for predicting the scabbing and<br />perforation thickness of concrete structures due to impact by solid missiles. The<br />new scabbing and perforation thickness formulae include, missile parameter which<br />are weight of the missile(W), diameter of the missile(D), velocity of the missile<br />(V), and target parameter which are concrete member thickness (t), and concrete<br />member strength (fc'). The simplified formulae for scabbing and perforation<br />thickness of concrete structure impacted by solid missile are presented in terms of<br />penetration depth (Xp). Comparison between present scabbing and perforation<br />thickness of concrete structures impacted by solid missile with other research<br />results are presented.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27269_a16922a43c340dbb6f32bf25f0a729d6.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Wettability of Al2O3 by Aluminum and Al-Mg Alloys177117772727010.30684/etj.28.9.7ENM. S. WaheedAli I. SalihJournal Article20100401The wettablity at a liquid of pure-Al or Al-Mg alloys/ Al2O3 interface was<br />evaluated by the sessile drop method at 700oC and with a vacuum pressure of<br />10-4Pa. The value of contact angle varies (decreases) with time of contact with<br />Al2O3 substrate. The reduction in θ of the Al-Mg alloy was proportional to the<br />reduction in surface tension γlv of Al, and to reactions that took place at the Alalloy/<br />Al2O3 interface.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27270_6a5b880d1f20e44e10417de429eae53f.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Experimental Study and Theoretical Model Described Transition Regime Parameters and Hydrodynamic Parameters in a Gas-Liquid Dispersion Column177818012727110.30684/etj.28.9.8ENFadi Z. HannaJournal Article20100401Experimental study of total gas hold-up, bubble diameters and rise velocity of<br />the swarm of bubbles, and regime transition point in dispersion column. The<br />experimental runs were carried out in two perspex columns of 7.5 cm and 15 cm inside<br />diameter. The present work investigated the effect of two system of two-liquid phase<br />(air-water, and air-aqueous-n-propanol solution) in the range (0.05-0.7Wt%),<br />superficial air velocity in the range (0.025-0.3 cm/s) and two air distributor plates of<br />1.5 mm diameter holes (i.d.= 7.5 cm, holes=36 and free area=1.4%, and i.d.= 15 cm<br />holes=121 and free area=1.2%). In this paper, a Krishna et al., 1999 model has been<br />improved, and the combination of this improved model with derived drift flux model<br />have been described the hydrodynamics of dispersion column operating in<br />homogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes (i.e. transition regime parameterest rans<br />and Utrans ). Photographic technique was used by taking three pictures in different view<br />(different angle) of the dispersion column, to measure the hydrodynamic parameters.<br />From the experimental data, it was found that the addition of a small amount of npentanol<br />to distilled water and varying dispersion column diameter, is the main factor<br />that affects, the transition flow regime. Also the experimental results show that the<br />values of total gas hold-up for air-aqueous n-pentanol solution system are greater than<br />the values for air-water system, but the values of total gas hold-up decrease with<br />dispersion column diameter for two systems.<br />The experimental data show that the values of total gas hold-up and superficial air<br />velocity at transition regime varied with the weight percent of n-pentanol by fitting of<br />second order polynomial regressions for the two dispersion column diameters:https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27271_30a21c916687c90d0369e9455000ca2e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Effect of Cross Section Properties on Flat Plate Behavior180218152727210.30684/etj.28.9.9ENAwadh O. AjeelJournal Article20100401On the wise of structural advantages of flat plate slab systems, the<br />researches still deal with punching shear hazards and solution techniques for<br />adopting a rational design comes from experimental investigations. Beside that<br />there is a rapid development in production the high performance concretes using<br />chemical additives and wide spectrum of different features fibers which avail<br />additional options for the structural designers.<br />The present work is an experimental study adopts the comparison between<br />uniform concrete sections with specific strength and hybrid sections (consists of<br />two different layers with different strength in the top half and the bottom one) to<br />provide reinforced concrete flat plate slabs and conclude the more advantage<br />option for improving their behaviors against eventual punching shear failure.<br />Normal strength, high strength and fibrous concrete with (34, 48 and 21) MPa<br />compressive strength respectively are used to produce the slabs in this study.<br />The results revealed the preference of the high strength uniform section in<br />improving the slab behavior besides increasing its ultimate load twice in<br />comparison with a hybrid section contains high strength concrete at the top half<br />only and there is no advantage from increasing the tension zone strength on the<br />hybrid section slab behavior except the ductility.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27272_6a2b74be39599f9f4cbb0de75f50f0c0.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Fuzzy Hilbert Spaces181618242727310.30684/etj.28.9.10ENJehad R.KiderRagahad Ibrahaim SabreJournal Article20100401we introduce the definition of afuzzy inner product space and discuss some<br />properties of this space,and we use the definition of fuzzy inner product space to<br />introduced anew definitions such that the definition of fuzzy Hilbert space ,Fuzzy<br />convergence, ,Fuzzy complete,and we studied the relation between ordinary inner<br />product space and fuzzy inner product space.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27273_d32b5627270f7d0044bcc1380c4e3fbd.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Corrosion and Hydrogen Attack of Pipelines in Oil and Gas Fields182518352727410.30684/etj.28.9.11ENSami I. J. AL-RubaieyJournal Article20100401Conditions for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion of pipeline in oil,<br />gas, and gas-condensate fields are discussed. Various factors are shown to affect the<br />CO2 and H2S corrosion rate of steel in oil and gas field media. Protective properties<br />of sulfide film as a function of partial pressures of H2S and CO2, pH and temperatures<br />are studied.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27274_9e505c8e49e4022dc7f00ef905acead8.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Influence of Anchorage on the Behavior of CFRP RC Beams in Flexure183618532727510.30684/etj.28.9.12ENSamir F. DawoodSabih Z. Al-SarrafJournal Article20100401This research study involves experimental and theoretical investigations of the<br />behavior of flexural debonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates<br />with steel anchorages. A total of nine reinforced concrete beam specimens with cross<br />section of (150mm width by 250mm height and 2000mm length) were investigated in<br />this study to observe the flexural strength of each one. Eight beam specimens were<br />strengthened with CFRP laminates and one beam specimen was tested without<br />strengthening. The experimental results showed that the use of CFRP strips as external<br />strengthening has significant positive effect on ultimate loads, crack patterns and<br />deflections. The percent of increasing of the ultimate load capacity can be increased by<br />about 65% when using two layers of CFRP strips instead of one layer. The ultimate<br />load is increased by about 118% for the beams strengthened with bonded CFRP and<br />external anchorage with respect to the reference beam. Three-dimensional nonlinear<br />finite element analysis (i.e. ANSYS - version 9.0 computer program ) is used to<br />investigate the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP.<br />The comparison between the numerical and the experimental results asserted that good<br />validity of the numerical analysis and the methodology developed in this study.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27275_1a7052bf5b49c5a162e3e055ea6387a0.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Design and Simulation of Linear Array Antenna Using Koch Dipole Fractal Antenna Elements for Communication Systems Applications185418612727610.30684/etj.28.9.13ENFawwaz Jinan JibraelMohanad Ahmed AbdulkareemJournal Article20100401In this paper, the fractal concept has been used in the linear array antenna<br />design to obtain multiband operation. The fractal linear array antenna has been<br />designed at a frequency of 750 MHz with equal spacing and uniform amplitude<br />distribution of the elements array. 1st iteration quadratic Koch curve dipole fractal<br />element is used in design of the array. The proposed antenna array design, analysis<br />and characterization had been performed using the Method of Moment (MoM)<br />technique. The radiation pattern, side lobe level (SLL), directivity (D), and input<br />impedance of the proposed antenna are described and simulated using 4NEC2<br />software package and MATLAB programming language version 7.6.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27276_3b4e3bc551a3ec276c2e891379984e02.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690028920100401Simple Learning Classifier Machine186218792727710.30684/etj.28.9.14ENLubna Z.BashirBuilding and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology / Baghdad
1862Hind .A.AlrazzaqJournal Article20100401A learning classifier system is one of the methods for applying a genetic-based<br />approach to machine learning applications. An enhanced version of the system that<br />employs the Bucket-brigade algorithm to reward individuals in a chain of co-operating<br />rules is implemented and assigned the task of learning rules for classifying simple<br />objects. The task is to classify an object that has one or more of the following features:<br />wing, 2-legs/wheels, 3-legs/wheels, 4-legs/wheels, big, flies into one of the following:<br />bird, vehicle. the main goal is to exploit the ability of the algorithm to perform well in a<br />noisy environment and its ability to make little or no assumption about its problem<br />domain. Results are presented which show that the system was able to learn rules for<br />the task using only a few training examples and starting with classifiers that were<br />randomly generated. It is argued that a classifier based learning method requires little<br />training examples and that by its use of genetic algorithms to search for new plausible<br />rules, the method should be able to cope with changing conditions. Results show also<br />The parallel implementation of the algorithm would speed up the training process.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_27277_93ed55f48910a66223880c472941669d.pdf