University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301An experimental study of diverging angle effect on separation location in two - dimensional diffuser1571702934410.30684/etj.27.5.16ENZeina Khalifa.KazemQusay JihadAbdul-GhafoorWesam AbedKateaJournal Article20090301The present study deals with flow of air in a two dimensional diffuser. A number<br />of test models of diffusers with different angles raging between (0◦ - 30◦) were<br />manufactured. The air was implemented as working fluid in the test with different<br />Reynolds number (6.85 × 104 – 1.64 × 105 ) at the duct inlet.<br />The study includes a number of experiments for air velocity and static pressure<br />measurement. The results showed the following:<br />1- Separation Phenomenon is obtained at divergent angles ( θ > 8◦) .<br />2- The location of separation delays by decreasing the divergent angle and by<br />increasing of Reynolds number.<br />3- The static pressure recovery coefficient decreases with the increasing diffuser area<br />ratio (AR).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29344_8f8d681fe96088fa6e676ce4fc920260.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Experimental study of Inclination angle and Surface Area Effects For Longitudinally Finned Cylinder on Free Convection Heat Transfer in an open Enclosure1711802934710.30684/etj.27.5.17ENSalem KhalifaKazemKamel Abed-HussainJournal Article20090301This study deals with heat transfer by free convection from the outer surface of two<br />cylinders (Triangular & Rectangular shape fined cylinder 12-fins). The experimental<br />work was conducted with air as a heat transport medium. The cylinders were fixed at<br />different slope angles (0o, 30o, 60o, 90o) .The heat fluxes was (1310, 837, 470, 212, 53)<br />W/m2. Where heat transferred by convection and radiation. The results show that heat<br />transfer from the triangular finned cylinder is maximum at a slope angle (90o) and<br />minimum at the slope angle (0o) with the range from [Ra = (1.54*107 – 1.57*108)].https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29347_145c534707376a771d5e207c87f1ce66.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Effect of partial heat treatment on the mechanical properties of high carbon tool steel used in manufacturing active parts in cold work tool steel dies1811892935110.30684/etj.27.5.18ENJournal Article20090301Effect of partial heat treatment on the mechanical properties of high carbon tool steel used in manufacturing active parts in cold work tool steel dies was investigated in this work. High carbon alloy steel (X210Cr12) classified as<br />(QN1.2080) according to (DIN) was used for machining specimens with<br />dimensions (5×44×20mm).<br />(18) specimens were insulated from the middle to the end by graphite with (5mm)<br />thickness and (18) specimens were insulated by ceramic (Al2O3 + Kaolin) with<br />(5mm) thickness. The distance between the middle to the sharp edge was not<br />insulated. All these specimen were subjected to heat treatment, They show that can<br />obtain hardness (65HRC) for the sharp edge at (980oC) after the specimens were<br />quenched in oil. Stress relive was subjected to all specimens , it has been shown<br />during heating between (100-200oC) There is no big effect on the hardness and the<br />strength was increased, also when heating temperature increase up to (600 C ) the<br />hardness decrease at (30 HRC) .<br />Rockwell hardness test was employed to all specimens, at four locations<br />for each specimen. The first location is at distance (10mm) from the sharp edge and<br />the second at (20mm) from the sharp edge within un insulated part. The third<br />location is at (30mm) and the forth at (40mm) from the sharp edge within<br />insulated part.<br />The best values of hardness for the insulated specimen with graphite are<br />(65,64HRC) within the un insulated part and (47,48 HRC) within the insulated<br />part. For the specimen with ceramic insulation the hardness values are (65,64<br />HRC) within the un insulated part and (51,52 HRC) within the insulated part.<br />The results of this work was applied on the active parts of some press<br />working sheet metal dies, produced in central tool room plant/Nasser state<br />company, it has been shown that the life and fracture strength of these parts (punch,<br />die and stripper) were increased and improved.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29351_f7f11344019e6e6afb5fecb9803d7e27.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Blended Learning in medicine collage1901992935410.30684/etj.27.5.19ENInaam AbbasHyderJournal Article20090301The university education Almtmazj model combines the traditional way of<br />education and the use of modern technology. And has many benefits, is to shorten the time, effort and cost, in addition to the possibility of improving the overall level of collection of curriculum, teaching and student assistance in providing attractive learning environment. Despite the importance of this type of education and the preliminary results that have proved successful, but the use is still in the offing<br />because of various difficulties and challenges. And must therefore define a vision for future employment in the educational process, and that education is Almtmazj one of the elements of this vision. The social awareness among community members the importance of this approach to education does not exist at various levels. There is a<br />need to review the educational environment in all stages of education, to conform to the requirements of university education. That knowledge is not the transfer of information from the student teaching, but how the student of this information and the environment in which they conduct the learning process, hence the importance of social awareness of the importance of information technology, the benefits of its<br />applications. Since many forms of e-learning and a variety of different circumstances and different parties involved in the learning process, such as distance learning, and learning in the classroom, will study the form of only one, a university medical schools Almtmazj using medical programs in addition to learning traditional education . The results showed a marked improvement in the utilization of information technology.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29354_bacd9a26c24027ebb40a1f81811ff815.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Effect Of Temperature On Gas Misaligned Journal Bearing Under Dynamic Loads2002172935610.30684/etj.27.5.20ENMoufiq Ali.TawfiqAmeer Tophan.ShafeqJournal Article20090301This study investigates the effect of a temperature on the<br />hydrodynamic lubrication of misaligned gas ( air ) journal bearing<br />under dynamic loads and study this effect on the distribution of the<br />pressure in the film of the air , components of misalignment moment ,<br />maximum value of pressure and minimum value of film thickness at<br />different value and distribution of temperature , degree of<br />misalignment and angle of misalignment .<br />The results show that the form of the pressure distribution is<br />a similar at different value of temperature and the components of<br />misalignment moment decrease with the rise of the temperature .<br />Also the maximum value of the pressure decrease and the minimum<br />value of film thickness increase with the rise of the temperature .https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29356_056004797aca555bf0154b174b6bb2eb.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301(Preparation of Pyrolytic Graphite (PG) Shell Using CVD Technique)8688792928310.30684/etj.27.5.1ENAbdul- Qader Dawood FaisalJournal Article20090301A Pyrolytic graphite (PG) shell was produced by Chemical Vapor<br /> Deposition (CVD) using a new modified vacuum furnace. The deposition<br /> experiments of (PG) were achieved on a substrate of solid rods and slabs of<br /> commercial graphite. This was selected as a miniaturized mandrel for deposition<br /> experiments. The substrate was heated at temperature range of (1500ºC-2300ºC)<br /> and a hydrocarbon gas (liquid benzene) was used with a pressure range of<br /> (1.5mbar- 2.5 mbar).A flow of hydrocarbon gas was admitted into the chamber<br /> and the PG was deposited by decomposition of the gas at high temperature on<br /> preheated graphite mandrel as previously mentioned. Methane gas was also used<br /> for deposition experiments at high temperature range (1700ºC-2000ºC) and<br /> pressure range of (100mbar-200mbar) .The thickness of the prepared material was<br /> measured as a function of T, P and time. An x-ray diffraction analysis has been<br /> done for the prepared PG shell and compared with standard grid electrode for high<br /> power electronic tubes made of PG. The calculated density of the deposited layer<br /> produced in this work at maximum temperature was about (2.1±0.1 g/cm3) .A high<br /> temperature calibration was achieved using Stephan -Boltzmann's law for<br /> different melting point metals (Cu, Ni, Ta, Mo).In addition an optical pyrometer<br /> was also used for this calibration. Finally, the prepared PG shell of this work was<br /> exposed to a high temperature oxyacetylene burner test at the atmosphere. The test<br /> shows no visual deformation of the external materialhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29283_4e85c74128de347de32a4d63e8bad06a.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301The Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Diffusion Profile of Nickel in GaAs Substrates8808852928410.30684/etj.27.5.2ENAseel A.K. HadiJournal Article20090301Diffusion of nickel in GaAs has been studied at 950ºC. The diffusion was<br />enhanced during limited interval and for different quantities of As. Nickel atoms<br />had diffused in the beginning due to the interstitial movement of atoms but large<br />number of nickel atoms occupies substantial locations in p-type GaAs lattice.<br />Measurements performed to the samples have showed good agreement between the<br />nickel atoms concentration and majority charge-carriers in p-type semiconductor<br />(holes). Measurements explained that electrical conductivity of p-type samples was<br />not due to system heating but to the diffusion of nickel atoms occupying sites of<br />gallium atoms.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29284_15b6164ef8dd3852fb8f995edee22b04.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Approximation Solution of Volterra Integral Equation Using Adomian Decomposition Method8868902928510.30684/etj.27.5.3ENKhawla A. AL-ZubaidyJournal Article20090301In this paper, Adomian Decomposition method has been used to find the approximation<br />solution for the linear Volterra integral equation of the second kind. In this method the solution of<br />a functional equation is considered as the sum of an infinite series usually converging to the<br />solution, and the Adomian decomposition method is also used to solve linear integral equation.<br />Finally, numerical example are prepared to illustrate these considerations.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29285_19303d41bb82c6a6992d6beaa179d176.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Synthesis of novel metal complexes of 5-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)-Nphenyl- 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine8918972928610.30684/etj.27.5.4ENAhmed AbdulAmier Hussain Al-AmieryMuna A. ShakirMaysoon YousifJournal Article20090301New5-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine have been<br />synthesized in good yield by the reaction of N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide with a 4-<br />isopropoxybenzoic acid in phosphorusoxychloride. Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II)<br />and Cd(II) complexes of 5-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine<br />have been prepared, and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and UV/visible<br />spectra moreover determination of molar ratio M:L , determination of metal content M%<br />by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, molar conductance in DMF. solution and<br />magnetic moments (μeff.).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29286_e7ff96a86b1fce789c62821b96ff5ca2.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301A High Quality Output Voltage for HEPWM of Single Phase AC Motor Drive8989122928710.30684/etj.27.5.5ENJamal A. MohammedAli H. JabbarMohammed K. EdanJournal Article20090301provide the exact on-line solution to the optimal PWM problem. The proposed<br />algorithm optimization technique is applied to a 3-level unipolar single-phase inverter to<br />determine optimum switching angles for eliminating low order harmonics while maintaining<br />the required fundamental voltage to drive single-phase induction motor with high quality.<br />The proposed HE method contributes to the existing methods because it not only generates<br />the desired fundamental frequency voltage, but also completely eliminates any number of<br />harmonics. It provides high quality sine-wave output voltage on the induction motor<br />terminals with very low THD.<br />The high quality sinusoidal output voltage produced by the inverter at different number<br />of switching angles is presented. The complete solutions for 3-level unipolar switching<br />patterns to eliminate the 3rd and 5th harmonics are given. Finally, the unipolar case is again<br />considered where the first 14 harmonics are eliminated.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29287_424327e44c61b91ba23f7c07f4c650e3.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Experimental Tests on Orthotropically RC Rectangular Slabs Having Various Restrained Edges and Subjected to Uniform Load9139292930210.30684/etj.27.5.6ENHusain M. HusainHisham M.AL-HassaniSarmad S. Abdul-Qader AL-BadriJournal Article20090301In this research, nine orthotropically reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular slabs<br />having various boundary restraints at the edges are tested under uniformly distributed<br />load. The main aim of these tests is to show that when some or all edges of a slab are<br />restrained against rotation and horizontal translation the ultimate load carrying capacity<br />of the slab will be enhanced greatly above that suggested by the simple Johansen ,s yield<br />line theory(1). For this purpose, a specially designed rig is constructed and used for<br />providing slabs with various boundary restraints along their edges.<br />The results of tests, which are presented in the form of load-deflection curves plotted<br />non-dimensionally, show that for restrained slabs the enhancement in load above<br />Johansen ,s load ranges between 50% and 100% depending on the number and positions<br />of the slab restrained edges. These results are also used to examine the accuracy of a<br />recently submitted elastic-plastic theoretical model(2).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29302_4ad5370aa9717ceadc1026913341cb43.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301An Investigation of the Inhibition of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction at a Rotating Cylinder Electrode under Isothermal and Controlled Conditions of Heat and Mass Transfer9309412930410.30684/etj.27.5.7ENShatha. A. SamehSadiq. H. AlwashJournal Article20090301The inhibition of the oxygen reduction reaction on a carbon steel rotating<br />cylinder electrode in naturally aerated 600 ppm Cl- solution was studied using an<br />optimum inhibitor blend, i.e., Sodium Nitrite (SN): Sodium Hexametaphosphate<br />(SHMP) = 500:100 obtained via a weight loss technique. Potentiostatic technique, then,<br />was applied at different bulk temperatures and various flow rates using un-inhibited and<br />inhibited solutions under isothermal and controlled conditions of heat transfer.<br />In an un-inhibited solution and under isothermal conditions, with limiting conditions of<br />concentration polarization, the limiting current density of oxygen reduction reaction is<br />flow and temperature dependent. The charge transfer of the oxygen reduction reaction is<br />a 4 electron process in the range of bulk temperature employed from 303 to 323 K.<br />Under heat transfer conditions, the charge transfer is still 4 electron process up to 336 K<br />interfacial temperature, above which the contribution of the 2 electron process appeared.<br />Moreover, the limiting current density values of the oxygen reduction reaction in<br />inhibited solutions is much lower than those under identical conditions in un-inhibited<br />solutions. This confirms the inhibition of the cathodic reaction, i.e., the oxygen<br />reduction reaction under isothermal and heat transfer conditions, due to SHMP.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29304_d6e39bba02e6c7e3a9c0f2d9208380b4.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Analysis of Composite Bridge Superstructures Using Modified Grillage Method9429532930810.30684/etj.27.5.8ENSabeeh Z. Al-SarrafAmmar A. AliRana A. Al-DujailiJournal Article20090301The analysis principle was used to analyze anisotropic plates (having different<br />elastic properties and geometries in different directions), the model consists of four side<br />beams with flexural rigidity and torsional rigidity and two diagonal beams with only flexural<br />rigidity .<br />The substitute grid framework is analyzed to give the same deformations and<br />deflections of the orthotropic plate elements of the modeled bridge. Applicability of the<br />suggested procedure in the analysis of actual bridge decks is investigated using STAAD<br />Pro.2006 program. The results show that the suggested procedure is an acceptable procedure<br />which can be adopted to analyze this type of bridge deck. It is found that the modified<br />grillage method gives simpler method and adequate results when compared with the Finite<br />Element Method or orthotropic plate theory solved using Finite Difference Method for this<br />type of bridges.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29308_00aabec91b7957b6d29211c5ae71e6d5.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301A Restriction Enzyme from Escherichia coli Purification and General Properties9549612930910.30684/etj.27.5.9ENMukaram ShikaraNadia Tariq BarakatMaysem Modaffer Al-ObaidyJournal Article20090301An endonuclease restriction enzyme has been purified from E. coli about 40-fold with<br />DNAse and RNAse recoveries of about 3%. The purification steps included precipitation<br />of the enzyme with ammonium sulphate, and reclaimed it through Sephadex G-100 and<br />DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified endonuclease was able to break lambda<br />DNA into three bands. The enzyme has 5% of carbohydrate moiety which means it is a<br />glycoprotein. Lastly, the comparison with other commercial restriction endonucleases<br />proves that this enzyme is a restriction enzyme with enzymic activity dependent on<br />Mg2+https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29309_4b1b6f4648f4387c4cdf6146dfff1428.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Three-Dimensional, Unsteady, Inviscid Flow in an Axial Turbine Stage9629722931110.30684/etj.27.5.10ENAbdulhassan A. KaramallahTalib Z. FargeSudad I. YounisJournal Article20090301This paper presents an advanced approach to compute the three-dimensional,<br />rotational, adiabatic, inviscid flow of a perfect gas in a highly twisted transonic axial turbine<br />stage. The time-dependent Euler equations, expressed in a Cartesian coordinate system, are<br />solved using a time marching method and a finite volume approach. The absolute flow is<br />computed in the nozzle vanes passage, whereas the relative flow is computed in the rotor<br />blades passage. The phase relation of nozzle and rotor flows and the related blade row<br />interaction are accounted for in the time-space domain. The results show that the present<br />method of calculation makes a practical contribution to predict actual turbine flows through<br />a turbine stage that have an arbitrary number of vanes and blades for each nozzle and rotor.<br />It is clear that this flow has a three dimensional aspects, in spite of the high hub/tip ratio<br />which has theoretically a two-dimensional flow aspects.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29311_d6ad3f8a691ebf43c76addb0e58ef485.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Neuro-Snake Pattern Recognition And Classification Using Gradiant Vector Flow (Gvf And Hnn)9739822931310.30684/etj.27.5.11ENWissam Hassan AliJournal Article20090301The most popular applications of Hopfield neural network algorithm (HNN) are<br />pattern recognition and classification. But the HNN has some limitation like the local<br />minima (oscillation) problem. In this paper a novel method of combining an active<br />contour (snake) and an artificial neural network to behave together as pattern recognition<br />and classification is presented. The approach used the technique of the gradient vector<br />flow (GVF) that locate the boundary of target pattern (image) then pass it to a classifier<br />built by Hopfield algorithm to classify it according to one of the storage pattern. The<br />snakes can find the boundaries of objects so it is very accurate to take the shape of the<br />object wanted, that will eliminate the noise from the original image and reduce the bit<br />error rate of the Hopfield network to 0.215 and overcome the oscillation state in<br />recognition of the entered pattern. MATLAB 7 program have been used for the<br />simulation of the active contour and the pattern classification.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29313_f02bc91f7d999174afc4800cb6074525.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Sliding Mode Control For Gust Responses In Tall Building9839922931410.30684/etj.27.5.12ENUsama Yasien MahmoudFarazdaq Rafeeq YasienTaghreed M. Mohammad RidhaJournal Article20090301The race toward new heights has led to the construction of tall flexible buildings<br />with low inherent structural damping. As buildings get taller their sensitivity to wind<br />excitations increases which threaten their integrity and serviceability. Therefore the control<br />of gust responses of tall buildings has gained worldwide attention. In this work an adaptive<br />Sliding Mode Control (SMC) driven Magneto Rheological (MR) fluid damper is proposed<br />for the vibration control problem of a wind excited tall building. The equivalent control part<br />proposed in this work is based on filtering the overall discontinuous control signal for a<br />better satisfaction of the reachability condition on one hand, and to heal the chattering<br />phenomenon on the other which is further reduced by replacing the hard switching sign<br />function by the sigmoid-like function. The adaptive tactic is based on using 3 second time<br />average variations of the gust speed to estimate the wind loading on the structure by<br />utilizing the theory of quasi-steady aerodynamics.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29314_b0db7434062bc8b970527319aab24c7b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Corrosion of Copper in Deaerated and Oxygenated 0.1M H2SO4 Solutions under Controlled Conditions of Mass Transfer99310072931610.30684/etj.27.5.13ENShatha A.SamehIssam K.SalihSadiq H.AlwashAsawer AL-WaistyJournal Article20090301The corrosion behavior of copper in deaerated and oxygenated 0.1 H2SO4<br />solutions has been investigated using the rotating cylinder electrode under turbulent<br />flow conditions. Potentiostatic polarization measurements were carried out at different<br />bulk temperatures of 283, 288, 293 and 298 K and various speeds of rotation viz 100,<br />200, 300 and 400 r.p.m. The anodic dissolution of copper and the hydrogen evolution<br />reaction, in deaerated and oxygenated solutions, are activation controlled processes<br />dependent on the temperature of the solution. The anodic dissolution of copper is not<br />mass transfer controlled. The results are consistent with a mechanism which suggests<br />that oxidation of copper takes place in two steps of one electron each. The second step,<br />i.e., cuprous ion (Cu+) oxidation, is the rate controlling. Moreover, the mechanism of<br />hydrogen evolution reaction is a proton discharge upon the metal surface. The charge<br />transfer of the oxygen reduction reaction is a 2e process in the range of bulk<br />temperatures employed, i.e., the oxygen reduction is controlled by 2e process.<br />Furthermore, the limiting current density value of the oxygen reduction reaction<br />increases as the velocity of the fluid increases. The results, at a constant bulk<br />temperature are consistent with Eisenberg et al theory for mass transfer to a rotating<br />cylinder electrode surfacehttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29316_1b719c0170ac1fa6f7493d6fcb895511.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Recovery of PVA Using Polyethersulfone (PES) Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membranes: Part II: Effect of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Concentration100810162931810.30684/etj.27.5.14ENNajat J. SalehAmel AlhelalyJamal M. AliQusay AlsalhyJournal Article20090301Polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with the molecular<br />weight cut-off (MWCO) 20,000 was used for the recovery of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from<br />the simulated wastewater. An attempt to study the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose as<br />synthetic warp sizing agents on the PVA recovery was investigated in this case.<br />Experimental results shown that PVA concentration in the retentate of PES hollow fiber<br />membrane were lower with addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in PVA solution.<br />Besides, higher trans-membrane pressure from 1.0 to 2.1 bars, solution temperature 50-75℃,<br />and feed velocity 0.16-0.32 m/s, improved the PVA recovery in two different PVA solutions.<br />PES hollow fiber ultrafiltration process was efficient for PVA recovery from the simulated<br />wastewater using PVA solution with low carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) concentration as<br />synthetic warp sizing agents.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29318_f528963925822a516e90a9c9684c7464.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027520090301Integrating Assembly Planning and Line Balancing Using Precedence Diagram101710252934210.30684/etj.27.5.15ENBushra Basheer AbdulhasanJournal Article20090301Traditionally, assembly planning and assembly line balancing are considered as<br />two independent tasks. Assembly planning represents a fundamental step in the operation<br />of a manufacturing system that involves product assembly while line balancing<br />represents one of the biggest technical problems in designing and operating a manual<br />assembly line. Although there have been several reported researches on assembly<br />planning for mechanical products, there is no available research on integration of<br />assembly planning and assembly line balancing.<br />In this paper, a methodology called COMSOAL-PLB (Computer Method of<br />Sequencing Operations for Assembly Lines of Assembly Planning and Line Balancing)<br />was developed to incorporate making decisions on process planning and production<br />planning for assembly product. Using ASIA-PLB, a planner or manufacturing engineer<br />can determine optimum or near optimum assembly sequence(s), optimum allocation the<br />task sets that will maximize the efficiency. The system has been tested on product(x) in<br />Seven Nissan Company. It resulted in reduction of idle time about 32%.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_29342_572b419dfb0f124782c7b955f730d842.pdf