University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Effect of Direct Injection on the Aerodynamics Characteristics of Wing Airfoil with Backward Facing Step2883013790010.30684/etj.27.9.19ENMohammed Idris.Abu-BatikhAbdul-Karim Abbas.KhudairIhsan Zidan.SalemJournal Article20090601Experimental and theoretical investigations were performed to study the effect of direct injection of air on aerodynamic characteristics for airfoil with backward facing full step. The experiments were done in a low- speed wind tunnel in order to obtain the pressure distribution on the airfoil surface and finding the aerodynamic characteristics<br />(Lift, drag and lift to drag ratio). Theoretically the (Fluent6.3) software was utilized for simulating the turbulent flow around the airfoils and obtaining the distribution of direction of velocity around airfoil with step. All investigations were made for the (NACA0015) basic airfoil and the other one with a step at air velocity (35m/s) and for Reynolds number (Re=4.4×105). The experimental results show that there is a considerable effect in using injection of air inside the steps on the pressure. The pressure on the upper surface of the airfoil decrease with increasing the injection ratio. This effect<br />leads to an increase in the lift coefficient (Cl). Due to the horizontal injection inside the full step at (Uj/U∞=8), the ((Cl)max) was increased by (12.2%) with respect to the basic airfoil, and by (6.27%) with respect to the case of step without injection. The lift to drag ratio ((Cl/Cd)max) was increased by (37.9%) with respect to the basic airfoil and by (30.65%) with respect to the case of step without injection. The theoretical results show the distribution of velocity vectors around the airfoil with step. The effect of separation<br />of flow was reduced with the increasing of injection ratio. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical((Cl/Cd)max) shows acceptable agreement.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37900_c3340d7b552565760a8f0254ab5aad9e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Study of temperature and ultraviolet radiation effect on the values of thermal conductivity of hybrid composite materials3023093790510.30684/etj.27.9.20ENAli Hassan.Rasan HathalBalqis MohammedDhiaa Al-dabaghJournal Article20090601In this research work a hybrid composite material was prepared contains a matrix which is Epoxy resin (EP) natural and fabricated fibers (Kevler fiber + Woven and short glass fiber + Palm fiber + Metal fiber), the volume fraction for all hybrid composite material was 25 %.<br />All samples were prepared by hand lay up process. Thermal tests were done by using Lee disk to determine the coefficient of thermal<br />conductivity at different temperatures, the results obtained showed good improvement of thermal conductivity values of the composite material consists of metal wires as result of improve the thermal conductivity. Also the results showed positive effect of the<br />directionality of fibers to the hybrid which contains fibers as compared with hybrid contents short fibers. To explain the effect of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the thermal properties,<br />the samples were exposed for a period of time to (UV); the results show that as the exposure time increased the thermal conductivity of samples decreasehttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37905_bce8ec6c581a366919fa474dc42a5dcf.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Laboratory Investigation on Efficiency of Model Stone Column Groups167316903649610.30684/etj.27.9.1ENKais T. ShlashMohammed Y. FattahMaki J. Mohammed Al-WailyJournal Article20090601As in piles, the efficiency of a group (Eg) of stone columns is defined as the ratio<br />between the capacity of the group to the capacity of each stone column in the group<br />multiplied by single stone column capacity. In this paper, the group efficiency of 24 model<br />stone columns installed in soft clay is considered. These groups consist of 2, 3 and 4<br />columns. The tests were conducted on stone columns with length to diameter ratio (L/D) of 6<br />and 8. A laboratory setup was manufactured in which two proving rings were used to<br />measure the total load applied to the soil-stone column system and the individual load carried<br />directly by the stone column. The foundation steel plates have 220 mm diameter and 5 mm<br />thickness. These plates contain 1, 2, 3 and 4 holes, respectively. The spacing between all<br />holes equals twice the stone column diameter (D), center to center.<br />The stone column capacity is taken as the load corresponding to a settlement equals<br />to 50% of the diameter of stone column. The results illustrated that the group efficiency<br />decreases with increasing the number of stone columns, also the stone columns with L/D of<br />(8) provided higher efficiency than those with L/D of (6).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36496_5af1dc49c597171075d6fe6f6b03d35e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Load Line Direction and Bearing Length Effects on The Tilting 4-Pad Bearing Performance169117003650410.30684/etj.27.9.2ENRaad Hameed MajedJournal Article20090601This paper presents the tilting 4-pad bearing performance under dynamic<br />load, the journal center velocity is calculated by mobility method. Finite element method<br />was used to solve the Reynolds equation in two dimensions from this solution the<br />pressure distribution can be obtained over pad surface. Study of the relationship of the<br />load line angle (b) with the pressure distribution changing due to the angular position<br />taking four angles 0o, 5 o,40 o and 80 o. Also the effects of many parameters were studied<br />such as length-diameter ratios, oil flow rates and finally dynamic coefficients (stiffness<br />and damping coefficients) of journal bearing. The results of this paper shows that the<br />load line angle (b) when equal 40o and length-diameter ratio (L/D=0.5), gives the beast<br />bearing performance.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36504_44fd185a40037fc01dca88736f67992b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Preparation and Study of Electrical Characteristics of (n-CdS/p-Ge) Thin-Film Heterojunction170117103650810.30684/etj.27.9.3ENAhmed Shukur HameedJournal Article20090601A thin film (400±5 nm) of Germanium was deposited on the slide glass, then<br />another thin film (200±3 nm) of Cadmium Sulphide directly deposited on the Ge thin<br />film, with high purity (99.999%) Aluminum metal was used as O’hmic contact on two<br />sides of heterojunction (n-CdS/p-Ge) by vacuum thermal evaporation technique.<br />From ideality factor (n) values, the current transporting mechanism in the<br />heterojunction was explained, where three regions in I-V curve were appeared, that is to<br />say, three mechanism of current transportation through the manufactured heterojunction<br />in this research were eventually existed, the saturation current (IS) was found for each<br />region at different temperature (100, 200, 300) K.<br />Through C-V measurements we found built – in potential (Vbi), the donor<br />density (ND), the difference between Fermi level and conduction band (Ön), the<br />difference between Fermi level and valance band (Öp), the conduction and valence bands<br />discontinuity (DEC, DEV), and the depletion regions width (Xn, Xp) of heterojunction (n-<br />CdS/p-Ge) of the frequencies (1, 0.5) MHz.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36508_710bdf8aa708bbb4637e804cae6895ad.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Using of Steel Slag in Modification of Concrete Properties171117203651310.30684/etj.27.9.4ENKhidhair J. MohammedMohammed O.AbbasFalak O.AbbasJournal Article20090601Steel slag which can be considered as solid waste pollutant was used in concrete mixture for road bases and surfaces, bridges, asphaltic concrete, clinker raw material and other fields, instead of cement or filling material. In this work, steel slag was used as replacement of aggregate or stone, which has the highest content in concrete mixture. Four groups of concrete mixtures with (0, 25, 50 and 60%) by wt. of steel slag from Basrah steel plant were used instead of aggregate.<br />The first group, without slag, as a standard mixture was used to compare its properties with those of (25, 50 and 60%) by wt. steel slag. The obtained results showed that, density of concrete and compressive strength, also flexural force, after 7 days and<br />28 days were increased by increasing slag content, while water absorbed content was decreased by increasing slag content. Those results insure the importance of using steel slag not only in modification<br />of concrete properties, but also to save the environment from huge quantities of slag as solid waste.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36513_4b984f50beaa47ec44b86bd181bb8b8b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601A Hydrodynamic Model For Simulation Of Unsteady Flow In Storm Sewer Network Systems172117353651910.30684/etj.27.9.5ENJasim M.RidhaJaafar S.MaatoqKarim K. El-JumailyJournal Article20090601In this work, a hydrodynamic numerical model for sewer networks has been<br />developed, Unsteady flow in either tree-type or looped sewer networks systems has been simulated, The Prissmann slot assumption is adopted to extend open channel flow equations to closed conduits under surcharged conditions. The link-node concept with a staggered grid, fully implicit scheme is developed to improve the stability and accuracy of the computation. The model capable to reduce the order of the sparse matrix equations this has been achieved by treating the sewers of same diameter that connecting at a node with no lateral branching as a superlink, and the ends of the superlinks are defined as<br />superjunctions so that considerable savings in computational effort is achieved. The numerical experiments show that the model is robust and reliable for different configurations of storm sewer networks and gives consistent results under different grid setups. Also, The experiments show an agreement with the results of few published studies.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36519_c85897a06647d4cf8ccd7f3652d0c817.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Evaluation of Tigris River Quality in Baghdad for the period between (November 2005- October2006)173617453652710.30684/etj.27.9.6ENAyat Hussein Al-ObaidiJournal Article20090601After war and due to the bad conditions into most services in the country (including<br />water supply).It is decide to study some of important characteristics of Tigris River especially<br />when wastes began to through to the river directly without treatment.<br />The study concentrated on the characteristics of Tigris River and its suitability to be treated<br />by the plants facilities, especially water hardness and turbidity because they represents the<br />most important factors for water classification and its convenience for public use, then<br />comparing the treated water with the standards for the drinking water.<br />Relations were found between water parameters like (hardness with conductivity),(hardness<br />with TDS),(Turbidity with TSS) and (conductivity with TDS) and there variation with<br />seasons along year.<br />Increasing in water turbidity and most of water characteristics were found in February which<br />is the season of rains and high river flow. Water turbidity increased at Al-Wathba and Al-<br />Rasheed water treatment plants, turbidity values reached to 1200 NTU in raw water and 7<br />NTU for the treated water at AL-Rasheed water treatment plant, this means exceeding the<br />permissible limits.<br />Concerning water hardness no difference has been found into raw and treated water values,<br />water hardness stay in the same range between (215-465) mg/l .The maximum concentrations<br />found in February at Al-Dora and Al-Rasheed water treatment plantshttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36527_f8fe76557caddea0dfeafe386c6b7ee5.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601High Resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using Genetic Algorithm174617543652910.30684/etj.27.9.7ENEyad I. AbbasAli Abdul-Elah NooriJournal Article20090601This paper presents an application of a performance analysis of a genetic algorithm GA developed for extraction of the directions of arrival DOA of several signals impinging on uniform linear arrays. The first part of this paper describes the maximum likelihood ML technique of direction of arrival estimation with genetic algorithm. The second part presents some illustrative simulation cases of ML-DOA estimation by using GA. Results are statistically analyzed in order to conclude from it the algorithm's accuracy and reliability.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36529_c9f1c7576b386723ca47c59214c1e89d.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Wavelet and Wavelet Packet Analysis For Image Denoising175517653658410.30684/etj.27.9.8ENAymen Dawood SalmanJournal Article20090601The denoising method based on wavelet or wavelet packet is used widely for image denoising. It is one of the most popular methods that depends on thresholding the wavelet coefficients using the Soft threshold. There are many methods used to get the threshold that is used in denoising image. In this paper, the amplitude of threshold is calculated depending on RMS error in order to get the best threshold related with the image information. The denoising results show that the wavelet packet is better than the wavelet method in analyzing the image coefficients of informationhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36584_8cf371007d5f7fd0ded5b6193b4fc27a.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Effect of Crude Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow on Pump Performance176617743658910.30684/etj.27.9.9ENBanipal N. YaqobIhsan F. AbbasJournal Article20090601An experimental study of pump performance (i.e. head, discharge, power, etc.) was achieved by using a centrifugal pump with crude oil-water two-phase flow. The crude oil used was from Sherao oil field in Kirkuk (Iraq) with a density of 838 kg/m3, dynamic viscosity of 6.0 cP and surface tension of 0.027 N/m at a temperature of 25oC. A centrifugal pump was used with straight impeller and one suction line and one<br />discharge line. The results show that the pump head and the discharge of two-phase flow decrease as oil volume fraction increased, and the power of the pump increase as oil volume fraction increasedhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36589_87b1651743a0e7ba10bb04e532c3f3fb.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900279200906013-D Virtual Maps Production for Mosul City by USING GIS Techniques177517893659210.30684/etj.27.9.10ENAbdul Razzak T.ZiboonAmjed Naser MohsinJournal Article20090601With the developments in digital image processing techniques, 3D models of objects are transferred to the digital form from the hardcopy form. 3D visualization was performed by using Erdas Imagine Virtual GIS module. The model was enhanced with huge additional data. Since the model covers a very huge area of Mosul city, more information was added to the model to show the location names.Also local services and road network was superimposed to the visualization. As a result<br /> of research, a user can fly over all Mosul city, may watch the topography, towns, local services places by using this model ,also the final 3d digital map contain all necessary information for users and designers to reach to the best decision.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_36592_7794d18fbb5f2277e85fb4bb89d2854e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Experimental Study on A Hybrid Adsorption Refrigeration System179018003785710.30684/etj.27.9.11ENAbdul Hadi Nema KHassan Jawdat FadielJournal Article20090601One of the most new methods of solar applications are the adsorption refrigeration methods, which can be powered by solar energy or waste heat. A hybrid adsorption refrigeration unit was designed, built and tested in this work, on January, 2008. A series of test on the solar collector was achieved to simulate the temperature of hot water that used to heat the unit generator of the field unit. Also from the field adsorption unit using an adsorption pair active carbon and methanol, it was found that there is an optimum generator temperature at which the cycle COP reach max. The cycle COP was varied from 0.07 to 0.3. It was found that it can chill one liter of water from an initial temperature of 35°C also a formation of 1cm thick ice around the evaporator was<br />obtained, when the mass of active carbon was 1.25kg and methanol concentration of 0.07 kg(meth.)/kg(A.C.).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37857_89cf91057e8033cc681734c6c2095cc0.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Effect of Temperature Tuning on Diode Laser Performance180118103786010.30684/etj.27.9.12ENZainab T. HussainAdawiya J. HaiderJournal Article20090601In this work, an expermental study on wavelength tunning for diode laser adopting temperature behavior varition process is carried out .Temperature effect on the characteristics of a stripe Double Heterostructure CW (GaAlAs) diode laser is shown . For the purpose of optimum operation a collection of important information has been<br />extracted regarding threshold current and senstivity of the laser diode as a function of temperature. It was found that the increasing in temperature (10-40)ºC resulting in an increasing in the values of forward current and the output power of the laser diode. the<br />threshould current shows a drop in the value(48-61)mA, and increase in the differential or slope efficienecy (0.1-0.25)mW/mAhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37860_2c44abeb8e235a20362976007f38848b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Artificial Neural Networks Analysis of Treatment Process of Gypseous Soils181118323786410.30684/etj.27.9.13ENMohammad M. Al-AniMohammad Y. FattahMahmoud T. A. Al-LamyJournal Article20090601Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are used to relate the properties of gypseous soils<br />and evaluate the values of compression of soils under different conditions. Therefore, onelayer<br />perception training using back propagation algorithm is used to assess the validity of<br />application of ANNs for modelling the settlement ratio for wetting process, (S/B)w, and the<br />settlement ratio for soaking process, (S/B)s.<br />It was found that ANNs have the ability to predict the compression of gypseous soil<br />due to soaking, washing process with high degree of accuracy. Also, performance of ANNs<br />showed that one hidden layer with one hidden nodes is practically enough for the neural<br />network analysis.<br />The sensitivity analysis indicates that the viscosity and specific gravity have the<br />most significant effect on the predicated settlement ratio and the density of injection material<br />and void ratio have moderate impact on the settlement ratio. The results also show that the<br />initial gypsum content, stress and time have the smallest impact on settlement ratio.<br />It was concluded that the artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the ability to<br />predict the settlement ratio for wetting process (S/B)w, and settlement ratio for soaking<br />process (S/B)s of gypseous soil with high degree of accuracy. The equations obtained using<br />(ANNs) for (S/B)w, and (S/B)s showed excellent correlation with experimental results where<br />the coefficients of correlation are (0.9541) and (0.991), respectively.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37864_38fe5052ceafc407013c2e241fbecc64.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Theoretical Analyses of the Dynamic Behaviour of Composite Cantilever Beam Manufactured From E-glass Polyester183318463786910.30684/etj.27.9.14ENHayder Moasa Al-ShukriMuhannad Z. KhelifaSaad A. KhetherJournal Article20090601In order to have the right combination of manufactured E-glass polyester<br />composite properties and in service performance, the dynamic behaviour is one of the important properties to evaluate. The dynamic behaviour of E-glass Polyester composite was considered in this study where three laminate types was modelled [0o, ± 45o, 0o/90o ], also the influences of fibre orientations as well as the stacking sequences of the laminate layers on the natural frequencies and resonance under harmonic conditions were investigated. Commercial Finite Element ANSYS® Release 10.0 package analyses were used to simulate the Modaland Harmonic behaviours of composite cantilever beams in the frequency range of 0 to 1000 Hz. The first six modes in this frequency range were extracted and compared in the three laminates. A harmonic simulation was investigated to study its structure response to resonance. The results proved that<br />the [+45]s laminate had higher torsional modal frequencies due to its higher shear modulus and is more stable under loading than [0/90] laminate due to the arrangement of the layers.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37869_b55b8c7e62923bea54d50339931840f6.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Two Stage Kalman Estimators with Probabilistically Weighted Average184718573787710.30684/etj.27.9.15ENHanady Abbas JaberJournal Article20090601With spherical coordinate, the adaptive estimation using multiple model filtering is<br />enhanced in this paper. The enhancement is achieved by using just two depended parallel<br />Kalman filters, instead of multiple models, with the probabilistically weighted average,<br />which provides the adaptive mechanism. The first filter is constant velocity filter (CVF)<br />which is used to estimate the position and velocity of the moving target in non maneuvering<br />course. The second filter calculates the acceleration and the new adjustment for the CVF.<br />The second filter is referred as variable velocity filter (VVF). Monte Carlo computer<br />simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in<br />enhancement the multiple model adaptive filtering.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37877_4e3ab147145e3dccdb7f15eca52b7dd3.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Contribution ofWing, Vertical Tail and Fuselage on Airplane Stability with Failed Outboard Engine185818713787910.30684/etj.27.9.16ENMohamed A. R.YassNaseer H. FarhoodRaed Abbas JessamJournal Article20090601The Effect of wing, vertical tail, and fuselage design parameters on airplane stability<br />with failed outboard engine presents in this study. Boeing (747-400) have been selected<br />for available data. The semi empirical equations (Datacom) have been used with<br />modification of unbalance engines thrust. It had been seen that the wing sweep angle had<br />negative effect but the vertical tail sweep angle had a positive effect toward directional<br />and lateral stability and other results established by using modified datacom computer<br />program which could be used as a real design requirements for further configuration<br />improvements of the airplane.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37879_69c9804baf0571d603f1bb8392980b9a.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Characteristics of Coupling Degradation Tolerances for Single-Mode Optical Fiber187218793788610.30684/etj.27.9.17ENAli H. Al-HamdaniAbdulla Khudiar AbassMohammad Abdul-Sattar SalihJournal Article20090601The coupling tolerances is considered as an important parameters for the optical<br />designer and it can not be ignored. Since the coupling efficiency is affected by the<br />displacement of the optical components during the thermal expansion and the<br />assembling processes, so, the coupling tolerances are just as important as coupling<br />efficiency in the assessment of the optical coupling system. In this research the coupling<br />tolerances for laser source to single mode optical fiber have been analyzed, these<br />tolerances include: lateral offset, angular misalignment (tilt) and longitudinal offset for<br />the optical fiber, also the tolerances values have been limited, our criteria is (-4dB) as<br />coupling loss to point the tolerance of the coupling efficiency versus the misalignment<br />in the optical coupling system.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37886_68d97c072cc4c31b9017d1a7bd246f40.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690027920090601Synthesis and study of the Novel tetradented ligand type N2O2 and its complexes with (Mn(II),Co (II),Ni (II) and Cu(II)) ions188018903789310.30684/etj.27.9.18ENAhmad Thabet NumanMaysoon T.TawfiqBasima Abdul Hussin ZaidanJournal Article20090601A new Schiff base ligand Bis-1,4-di[N-3-(2-hydroxy-1-amino)- acetophenonylidene] benzylidene [L] and its complexes with (Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II and Cu(II)) were synthesized . The ligand was prepared in two steps. In the first step a solution of (terphthalaldehyde) in methanol reacts under reflux with (p-aminoacetophenone) to give an intermediate compound [1-[3-({4-[(3-Acetyl-phenylimino)-methyl]-benzylidene}-amino)-phenyl]- ethanone which reacts in the second step with (2-Amino-phenol) giving the mentioned<br />ligand. The complexes were synthesized by addition the corresponding metal salt solution to the solution of the ligand in methanol under reflux in (1:1) metal to ligand ratio. On the basis of, molar conductance, I.R., UV-Vis, HPLC, chloride content and<br />atomic absorption, the complexes may be formulated as K2[M(L)Cl2 ] were MII = Mn ,Co, Ni and Cu metal ions. The data of these measurements suggest an octahedral geometry for Mn(II),Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes and a square planar for Ni(II) complexhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_37893_65e940f77a3f743f7f3d9d6b20952ce3.pdf