University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Concurrency Action in Construct Composition Form & Meaning1791965687110.30684/etj.30.8.13ENIbrahim J.K. Al-YousifJournal Article20120401The built form distinguishes of the composition in concurrent form and meaning,<br /> but constructs it to convey the concept. While producing the meaning of the union of<br /> sequential and concurrential development of the building to access the mental image of<br /> an objective reality which concurrent form to it is meaning. From that, the research<br /> problem was identified .it dealt with the presence of a causal relationship in the<br /> building form to meaning, and the existence of a relationship contract in build meaning<br /> to its form.<br /> While the research aims to reach the form of outcome arising by event. And invest<br /> the relationships in concurrent of build compositions which concurrent form and<br /> meaning.<br /> To solve the problem. The search depends on methodology in: Synchronize of form<br /> and meaning, the relationship of agreement and difference, the visible and the inherent<br /> to build the composition. It depends on determining two levels: the first dealt with the<br /> meaning through functional meeting in invisible image Compositions to give the<br /> Content Validity. And second level dealt with the form through formal Inherent in<br /> Inherent morphological Compositions to give the Discrimination Validity. To result<br /> from them giving the Construct Validity.<br /> Finally, research found that: validity synchronization and configuration of meaning<br /> and form, and the possibility of achieving the composition through the mechanism of<br /> interpretation and interpretation in the formal inherent and functional meeting. And<br /> thus unite the reference source and source (place and time) in one space.Through two<br /> affairs. Prior and dimensional between formal compositions and Flat and threedimensional.<br /> and from that relations. The creative outputs related with one's time in the<br /> reference to the achievement of the underlying forces in the three-dimensional shape,<br /> and place in check the fixed forces in the flat form.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56871_3a4e6938b994240321e90c77de9aa0a7.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Use of Critical path method inmaintenance planning of an electric power station1972115687210.30684/etj.30.8.14ENLaith Noman DawoodSawsan S.AL-zubaidyMahmoud Abbas MahmoudJournal Article20120401In this work studying of the strategy of preventive maintenance in the station<br /> was conducted and spatial planning combustion chambers inspection (CI) by using<br /> the critical path method which an important tools for the planning of maintenance<br /> work was developed.<br /> In order to have accurate results for calculating early, latest, delay, and slack times, and<br /> determining the critical path time (WINQSB) Software which contain<br /> (CPM-BERT) programs has been used.<br /> .The most important results of this study is in reducing the time of preventive<br /> maintenance for combustion chambers inspection by two days. Furthermore, two<br /> other days can be saved if the time for some of critical activities was crashed.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56872_b962284e687878c44cd00d38c22df6fb.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Using Anisotropic Silicon Etch for Change the Crystal Orientation of Silicon Wafer2122275687610.30684/etj.30.8.15ENSaria D.mohammedArrej Rlyadh SaeedAtheer Ibraheem BbdJournal Article20120401In this work، anisotropic silicon etch using KOH ، optical microscopic and X-ray diffraction testing، were used to determine the crystal orientation of the silicon wafer(100) plane , where the mechanical polishing and wet etching described the geometric dislocations pits which refers to the crystallographic and the level of (100).<br /> Microscopic examination have been described the geometric dislocations pits which reflected from plane (100) in the forms of four fold flat symmetry which refers to that plane in Silicon wafer, as the distribution of Miller Indices in the cubic system, by the impact chemical wet KOH with concentration 30 wt%, and an etching temperature of 70°C. The crystal orientation of silicon wafer has been changed from (100) to (111) plane, by chemical wet KOH through cutting 54,7°, the dislocations pits appear in geometric forms in conical shape which refers to the direction [111] for silicon wafer، by the impact chemical wet KOH with concentration 44 wt%, and an etching temperature of 120°C for 20-30minhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56876_51cdc47f659c17b8e771c97295f312fa.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Prediction of Heat Transfer Coefficient of Pool Boiling Using Back propagation Neural Network129313055682410.30684/etj.30.8.1ENSalih Abdul JabbarAbbas Jawad SultanHayder Alaa MaabadJournal Article20120401Artificial neural network (ANN), in comparison with empirical correlations, has<br /> recently received more attention. The present paper includes predictive modeling of<br /> heat transfer coefficient for binary mixtures in pool boiling for hydrocarbon<br /> compounds, using Back propagation techniques through Multilayer Perceptron, one<br /> of the types of the artificial neural networks. To train and learn the system, predictive<br /> neural network was found, which is capable of understanding and predicting the preset<br /> output which is heat transfer coefficient. The principle operation of such neural<br /> networks is based on the experimental data collected from some researchers [1-4]. A<br /> new ANN model is proposed using five inputs (mole fraction, temperature difference,<br /> heat flux, density and viscosity) to predict the heat transfer coefficient. The prediction<br /> using ANN shows 0.0026 AARE (Absolute Average Relative Error) with most widely<br /> known correlations namely those of Calus, Fujita and Thome which have given 0.086,<br /> 0.066 and 0.038 respectively.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56824_460d6ab6dcdc38cb365c69f3f54ae775.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Design of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Simple Furnace System130613175683010.30684/etj.30.8.2ENSaba T. SalimJournal Article20120401Model uncertainty and robustness have been a central theme in the field of automatic control. Many control techniques are used to reduce the effects of uncertainty which may appear in different forms as disturbances, dynamic delays or as other imperfections in the models used.In this paper a comparison between conventional type -1 fuzzy logic controller and type -2 fuzzy logic controller has done in simulation conditions of a simple temperature control of a furnace system to show the great effect of the new generation of fuzzy logic<br /> controllers to improve the performance of a system with high level of uncertainty.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56830_89caa54a9da008158a701a6fd34b901d.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Influence of Carbon Content on Elevated Temperature Fatigue Properties of Different Steel Alloys131813285685210.30684/etj.30.8.3ENHessen J. Mohamed AlalkawiThabat. M. AliN.M. AbdulmuhssanKiffaya Al-saffarJournal Article20120401Fatigue properties (fatigue life and fatigue limit) of three different carbon<br /> content steel alloys, CK35, Y8 and Y10 were investigated at RT and 300 ºC fatigue<br /> testing. The main contribution of this work was to find the influence of carbon<br /> content on high temperature fatigue properties. It was found that the fatigue life in<br /> both cases, RT and 300 ºC, decreased dramatically via increasing carbon content<br /> from 0.35% to 0.8% but at 1% carbon content the fatigue life was increased. The<br /> fatigue limit and its reduction percentage took the same trend of the fatigue life.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56852_b97d444d95e9bb8ac544cb6e85d4e8a0.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Design of Micro Size Optical Scanner Systems132913415685310.30684/etj.30.8.4ENSamira M. ArifMohamed S. AhmedDayah N. RaoufJournal Article20120401The design and analysis of micro optical scanner systems are presented. A<br /> simulate software was implemented to study, firstly, the effects of miniaturization<br /> on the general optical properties of the system, secondly, the optical design and<br /> performance characteristics for two specific micro scanner models. These are<br /> single aperture scanner and a focal Keplerian telescopic systems, taking in<br /> consideration the performance requirements of these systems for various medical<br /> applications.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56853_12721f9039d87cdeac44b44ce4c25779.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Synthesize Nano ZnO-ZrO2 Composite by Combustion Method and Studying their Dielectric Properties134213505685410.30684/etj.30.8.5ENFadhil A.ChyadJournal Article20120401Combustion method had been used to prepare a composite material from doping<br /> ZnO by 10 mol% ZrO2 . XRD showed a good crystalline powder comparing with<br /> ASTM cards. Dielectric properties such dielectric strength, dielectric constant,<br /> dielectric loss and tangent loss have been measured .All the dielectric properties<br /> have decreased as the frequency increasing .<br /> The particle size has great effect on the dielectric properties of the composite<br /> which decreased as the particle size increased .https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56854_54e03205d871752c545085e3f462cb5d.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Spatial Multi-Criteria Assessment to Select Optimum Route To Improve Transportation Network in Al-Omarah City135113615685810.30684/etj.30.8.6ENMaha O. Al-MumaizJournal Article20120401The present study is focusing on development the accessibility of (Baghdad- Basrah) highway through choosing a new route for segment near Omarah city center, in addition to improve the level of service of city center network through removing the (Baghdad-Basrah) traffic from the center. To select the optimum route the Geographical Information System (GIS) with Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) is used. The segment mentioned above is choosed due to the data availability required as an input for program, represented by control points coordinates, land use, and the existing ground elevation [Digital Elevation Model (DEM)].<br /> As a result of this study the based model to suggest optimum route serving transportation movement and reducing congestion in AL-Omarah city is produced according to required criteria. So the obtained route is started and ended on the origin point of an approximate coordinate of (E695932, N3530317) and the destination point of an approximate coordinate of (E702400, N 3519760) receptively, with about 13 Km length. The main Importance of new route is not passing through city center which reduce the congestion, raising the level of service of center network, reducing the pavement deterioration due to remove the<br /> heavy vehicle from passing though the center and finally the new route is shorter than the existing one which in turn reduce the travel time, cost, pollution and noise.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56858_2d2e58d7372ff06d3e01bea8aa6166cf.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Approximate Solution of Fractional Integro-Differential Equations by Using Bernstein Polynomials136213735686010.30684/etj.30.8.7ENOsama H. MohammedSarmad A. AltaieJournal Article20120401In this paper, Bernstein piecewise polynomial is used to approximate the<br /> solution of the fractional integro-differential equations, in which the fractional<br /> derivative is described in the (Caputo) sense. Examples are considered to verify the<br /> effectiveness of the proposed derivation, and the approximate solutions guarantee<br /> the desired accuracy.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56860_01628c25f590a067c6d79ca4aa348698.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Growth Using FeCl3 / Ethanol Catalyst by CVD Method137413805686110.30684/etj.30.8.8ENAbdul Qader D. FaisalAhmed A. MoosaZainab A. JawadJournal Article20120401Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD)<br /> method. FeCl3 was used as the precursor of iron which acts as the catalyst<br /> .Solution of FeCl3 in ethanol at concentration of (0.05 mole/litter) has been<br /> chosen. Silicon (100) substrates were spin- coated with the prepared catalyst<br /> solution (FeCl3) .Carbon nanotubes were grown on Si (100) substrate coated with<br /> catalyst in tube furnace using argon and acetylene gases at temperature of 750°C<br /> for 30 minutes. The structures of the produced material were characterized with<br /> Raman spectroscopy and FESEM. Raman spectra showed MWCNTs with the<br /> presence of radial breathing mode (RBM) at low frequency. The morphology of<br /> carbon nanotubes called noodles–like CNTs with an average diameter of 45nm<br /> was observed with FESEM micrograph.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56861_c9f1ebb03c05e94ef12b22275b905a54.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401PitchMode Downwash Transient Response at High Speed and High Altitude138113935686210.30684/etj.30.8.9ENMuhammad A. R. YassIsmaial IbrahimNaseer HamedJournal Article20120401In this research a study of the downwash effects for high altitudes and high speeds<br /> using a Transient Response approach, the longitudinal equation of motion including the<br /> effect of downwash in high altitude and speed were solved. It was found that the<br /> downwash in at high altitude and low-speed more effected because it's increases in pitch<br /> rate and rate of change of downwash velocity due to decreases in lift ,therefore requires<br /> greater control surface area and largest deflection angles. It can be adopted in this<br /> research to real requirements in the design of flying objects.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56862_9ac9ba5fa91d710a13c534a9c294316b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Tx/Rx: Generation and Correlation of aCostas Array FM CodeUsing FPGA Spatran-3 Technology139414045686310.30684/etj.30.8.10ENThamir R. SaeedJournal Article20120401This paper describes a real time generation and correlation of Costas array FM code<br /> pulse compression using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for implementation,<br /> which provides the flexibility, reconfigure ability and reprogram ability. This<br /> implementation contains two parts, the first Part, to generate. Number of frequency<br /> sequences, which can use as Costas, where, this part was built in transmitter side. The<br /> second part of implementation contains three stages in the receiver side; range<br /> determination, correlation and Doppler measurement to the replica of Tx-signal. The<br /> tested work was taken for eight digits and two cases of frequency shift (1&2) with an<br /> eight time shift for each one. This implementation was built by using VHDL editor for<br /> Spartan-3 with IC XC3S200. The clock is 20nsec and can use less than that time.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56863_b0bea1d06d0ac9777101d2cb67876077.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Thin Films Ablation by Induced Forward Transfer Technique140514145686610.30684/etj.30.8.11ENAdawiya J. HaiderIman H. HadiJournal Article20120401Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) is a technique which enables the<br /> controlled transfer of a thin film material from a transparent carrier (donor) to a<br /> receiver substrate (acceptor). The receiver substrate is usually placed in parallel<br /> and close to the thin film source under air or vacuum conditions. In this work<br /> microdeposition of gold (Au) and Copper (Cu) thin films were deposited on glass<br /> substrate by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). These thin films were irradiated by a<br /> single pulse and transferred to a silver (Ag) and silicon (Si) receiver substrates. The<br /> laser source used for this study was a Nd-YAG Q-Switching second harmonic<br /> generation (SHG) Pulsed Laser with a wavelength 532nm, repetition rate 1-6 Hz<br /> ,and pulse duration 10ns. Deposited size, morphology and adhesion to the receiver<br /> substrate as a function of applied laser fluence are investigated.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56866_1c7381a90e407c5765d1b265d18f1830.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690030820120401Prediction of Metal Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in Electrochemical Machining (ECM)141514275686710.30684/etj.30.8.12ENSaad Kariem ShatherHiba Husien AlwanJournal Article20120401Electrochemical Machining (ECM) is a relatively important method of removing<br /> metal by anodic dissolution. In this research the ECM was used to remove the metals<br /> from the internal hole of the workpiece.The tool used was made from brass. This<br /> research focuses on the parameters of the change in gap size, the change in current<br /> density, and the change of the tool roughness on the Material Removal Rate (MRR),<br /> and Surface Roughness of the workpiece. The Statistical Package for Social Science<br /> (SPSS) software was used to predict the results. It was found that for the surface<br /> roughness the coefficient of determination of the prediction was (0.982) and the<br /> accuracy of prediction (97.15%). For the Material Removal Rate in (g/sec) units the<br /> coefficient of determination of predicts was (0.991) with accuracy of prediction<br /> (98.29%).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_56867_b6956c0fbd8f7269a32329faa39b6bd1.pdf