University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Studying The Effect of Annealing Temperature and Annealing Time on Physical Properties of Graphite3553596608110.30684/etj.30.17.13ENAli M .MousaSamer BahjitJournal Article20121001Graphite electrodes prepared by using carbon black as a filler material and<br /> phenolic resin as a binder. The samples treated thermally within temperature rang<br /> of 750-950)c for two and three hours . the variation in electrical resistivity and<br /> structural properties as a function of the two variables were studied . electrical<br /> resistivity decreased with increasing treatment temperature and time. Increasing<br /> temperature resulting in graphitization degree increasing ,also the inter atomic<br /> distance comparing to the standard values decreased with increasing treatment<br /> temperature and time of treatment.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66081_7e1e1a4f8e52bd90374b3003818fdcca.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Wood's Coating by Polymeric Materials for Fire Resistance3603686608210.30684/etj.30.17.14ENHazim Falah HassanBalkees Mohmmed DhaiaaJournal Article20121001The research involves using phenol – formaldehyde (Novolak) resin for making<br /> Novolak compact with hexamethyltetraamine (HMTA ) in different ratio (15%) and<br /> (20%) by weight , also this work involves preparing composite material by using<br /> Novolak as a matrix , while flint was used as resin forcing material and making<br /> composite compact with ratio of hardener (15%) and (20%) by weight. The research<br /> was studied some of thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and thermal<br /> Erosion resistance. The results show that the flint and increasing the (HMTA) leads to<br /> increase thermal Erosion resistance and thermal conductivity . The results show that<br /> the immersion in water leads to increase thermal conductivity .https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66082_302b060fe19f6677d5b8771395cb7d0b.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Evaluation of Corrosion Résistance for Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldment in Different Solution3693816608410.30684/etj.30.17.15ENEntisar Mohson HameedJournal Article20121001This paper is amid to study the effect of immersion solusion type on corrosion<br /> resistance of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L .<br /> The process welding carried out on sheet metal by using four types of<br /> electrodes (E308L,E309L,E312,E347) to obtain butt joint welding under constant<br /> conditions polarity(DCSP) , voltage(30)v, current (120)A .<br /> Welding speed (100) mm/min and two weld passes by using electrode of<br /> diameter 3 mm.<br /> Many specimens for corrosion test were manufactured in (20*20*8) mm from<br /> welding joint stainless steel.<br /> Corrosion test was implemented by using weight loss, specimens were<br /> immersed in two solution (1% H2SO4) Sulphric Acid and (3.5%Nacl) sea water for<br /> (1-30 ) days and corrosion rate was measured.<br /> The results show that sulphric acid was more effected on stainless steel.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66084_167984cb4e90a5e51afe0f72213fd584.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Investigation of the performance of a Solar Powered Adsorption Heat Pipe293729506606510.30684/etj.30.17.1ENAbdual Hadi N. KhalifaAsaad T.AL-OmranAedah M.Jawad MahdyJournal Article20121001An adsorption heat pipe was designed and built from a stainless steel tube of 32<br /> mm outer diameter, 30 mm inner diameter and 1000 mm long, the inner surface of the<br /> tube was coated by 10 mm thickness of active carbon, which was assumed to be the<br /> adsorbent, while the adsorbent was assumed to be the methanol, or acetone. The<br /> adsorption heat pipe consist of three zones, namely adsorption/ desorption, adiabatic<br /> and evaporation/condensation zones. Electrical heater with variables capacity is used to<br /> heat up the unit generator during desorption process, water was used to cool the<br /> condenser, while air was used to cool the generator. Two types of adsorption pair are<br /> used, namely active carbon-methanol and active carbon-acetone. The effect of heat<br /> input to the generator on the heat pipe surface temperature and evaporator temperature<br /> are studied. The results showed that the adsorption heat pipe can work at a relatively<br /> low temperature namely 70-100 oC, the time required for cooling process in the range<br /> of 18 to 24 minutes, and activated carbon – Acetone pair gave a good behavior for the<br /> heat pipe due to the short cycle– time compared with that for activated carbon –<br /> Methanolhttps://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66065_83047a9daa322f06297f88456b615df0.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Control of Corrosion of Copper-Alloy Condenser Tubes by Chemical Treatment295129656606610.30684/etj.30.17.2ENWassan AbduallahNawal JassimQais A.HassanJournal Article20121001The present work deals with the study of the factors that affect the corrosion<br /> resistance and heat transfer resistance of treated condenser tubes by surface filming with<br /> ferrous sulfate solution. The reduction of corrosion rate on the filmed surfaces was<br /> determined under dynamic conditions using weight loss method. The variation of the<br /> corrosion rate at different exposure time and different fluid velocities of the filming<br /> solution were studied throughout the laboratory corrosion system. While the effect of<br /> surface filming on depression of heat transfer process in term of increasing the heat<br /> transfers resistance was studied throughout the laboratory thermal system. The results<br /> indicated that the filming solution reduced the corrosion rate of copper alloy to 52.7%,<br /> but the heat transfer resistance increased from 12.88 to 18.73*10-4 m2K/W. Moreover, the<br /> metallurgical investigation clearly revealed the feature and nature of the film formed on<br /> the metal surface.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66066_33f6fc3e795210af25a82e8184e8fe02.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Bolometer Detector Modeling and its Performance Indexes296629866606710.30684/etj.30.17.3ENMehdi Munshid ShellalJournal Article20121001Bolometer detector is one of thermal detectors. In this research the essential<br /> concepts and parameters are included which cover the main types of bolometer<br /> detectors. But the actual values of parameters used here in simulation are adopted<br /> from [7] for semiconductor bolometer. This detector operates for all optical<br /> wavelengths of different sources. From analysis and results obtained, it is shown<br /> that minimum and maximum values of specific Detectivity D* for cryogenic<br /> temperatures from 0.5 K to 10 K are 0.25~10 / and 5 ~<br /> 10 / , respectively and the values between them when the incident<br /> radiation frequency is 100 Hz.. It is seen that for frequency greater than 1Hz, the<br /> specific Detectivity increases rapidly which means that the bolometer detector will<br /> respond for high frequencies in a manner more speed than that of low frequencies.<br /> It is found that as the value of ƒÑth is increased, the temperature change in detector<br /> sensor is decreased. That is decreasing ƒÑth enhance the performance of bolometer<br /> detector. It is found that the responsivity of this detector follow its output voltage<br /> which in turn follow the bolometer temperature change.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66067_8206bdeca6b532f299e2f9d511847580.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Effect of Surface Treatment on the Adhesion Forces between PVC Adhesives and PVC (Pipe - Fitting)298729986606810.30684/etj.30.17.4ENZoalfokkar Kareem MezaalJournal Article20121001This paper aims to improvement adhesion forces between (USA PVC adhesive ,<br /> Commercial PVC adhesive and USA CPVC adhesive) and (PVC pipe – PVC fitting)<br /> by using surface treatment (mechanical and chemical treatment) for external surface of<br /> pipes and internal surface of fitting with depth (25 mm) . Before pipe adhesion test the<br /> samples put under some environmental conditions such as (at room temperature , at (80<br /> oC) for (4 hr) , at (- 2.5 oC) for (4 hr) , at ( tap water) for (48 hr) , at ( 3.5 % NaOH) for<br /> (48 hr) and at ( 3.5 % NaCl) for (48 hr) ) .<br /> Appearance of results of pipe adhesion testing for (PVC pipe – PVC fitting) with<br /> PVC adhesive, without surface treatment only (cleaning), under environmental<br /> conditions , the failure (pulling) happened in adhesion zone (adhesive adhesion failure)<br /> . As appearance of results of pipe adhesion testing for (PVC pipe – PVC fitting) with<br /> PVC adhesive by using surface treatment (surface roughness with abrasive paper and<br /> chemical treatment with alcohol), under environmental conditions, the failure<br /> happened in PVC pipe (pipe cohesion failure).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66068_a75f883d0f4fab10645b6bde8bc2789a.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Experimental Investigation of Shear- Critical Reactive Powder Concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement299930226606910.30684/etj.30.17.5ENKaiss F. SarsamIhsan A.S. Al-ShaarbafMaha M. S. RidhaJournal Article20121001جرت عملیة استقصاء عملی على سلوک عتبات خرسانیة عالیة المقاومة مصنوعة من<br /> المساحیق الفعالة. خمسة عشرة عتبة تحوی حدید تسلیح طولی تم صبھا وخالیة من تسلیح القص.<br /> المتغیرات الرئیسیة التی تم دراستھا ھی محتوى الالیاف الفولاذیة, نسبة حدید التسلیح الطولی,<br /> نسبة فضاء القص الى العمق الفعال ومحتوى السلیکا الفعالة. اعلى قیمھ لمقاومة الانضغاط کانت<br /> 110 میکاباسکال باستعمال نوع واحد من الالیاف الفولاذیة. تم اقتراح علاقات للتنبؤ بمقاومة اجھاد<br /> القص لعتبات خرسانة المساحیق الفعالة الخالیة من تسلیح القص. العلاقات االمقترحة اظھرت<br /> تطابقا جیدا لمقاومة اجھاد القص بالمقارنة مع النتائج العملیة.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66069_26792db911992fae2ae79f8d8350706d.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Performance Evaluation of Path Loss in Mobile Channel for Karada district in Baghdad City302330386607010.30684/etj.30.17.6ENAhmed A. JaafarAied Khalaf MohammedJournal Article20121001In this work Hata, Lee, Walfisch-Ikegami and Free Space Loss models have<br /> been compared with practical path loss based on series of measurements in Karada<br /> district in Baghdad for GSM900 downlink band. Hata model showed the closest<br /> path loss predictions with mean square error = 10.8 dB, but these results are far<br /> from good prediction results and need enhancement. Hata model was optimized<br /> using Least Squares method based on measured received signal power. The<br /> optimized Hata model showed much better results from the original Hata with<br /> mean square error = 6.96 dB. The simulation and calculations were implemented<br /> using MATLAB R2009b. The measurements were done using Field Test Display<br /> (FTD) with a compatible hand phone to measure signal strength. A Ground<br /> Positioning System (GPS) was used to measure the distance from transmitter.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66070_346e952d05f61244e12056df90ef028f.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Experimental Evaluation of Effect of Flange Dimensions on Shear Behavior of NSC and SCC Double Tee Beams303930536607110.30684/etj.30.17.7ENAli H. AzizMohammad Zohair YousifLaye K. SalmanJournal Article20121001This study deals with, experimentally, the effect of flange dimensions on shear<br /> behavior of normal strength concrete (NSC) and self-compacting concrete (SCC)<br /> double Tee beams.<br /> Twelve beam specimens as well as a series of control specimens are tested. The<br /> beam specimens were divided into two groups (based on concrete type) and each<br /> group are divided into five subgroups (based on flange dimensions).The webs<br /> dimensions, beam depth, beam length, spacing between webs, longitudinal<br /> (tension) reinforcement and transverse reinforcement (stirrups) were kept constant<br /> in all beam specimens.<br /> Experimental results showed that the ultimate capacity increased about (6%-<br /> 12) and (9%-20) when the flange width (dimensions) increased from (320mm) to<br /> (450mm) for NSC and SCC respectively. Presence of large compression flange<br /> lead to increase the stiffness of tested beams due to contribution of additional<br /> concrete parts, and this leads to increase in carrying capacity.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66071_0106f76e1ca897392256ab5b7632b14a.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001A Laboratory Evaluation of Stabilization of Silty Clay Soil by Using Chloride Compounds305430646607210.30684/etj.30.17.8ENMuhanned Qahtan WaheedJournal Article20121001Large areas of Iraq consist of soils with high clay contents which have low<br /> strengths and bearing capacity.This problem has an influence on construction of<br /> road and highway, if adequate support does not exist, the road will rapidly<br /> deteriorate. The solution to these construction problems is by soil treatment with<br /> chemical additives. The main objective of this study is to investigate effectiveness<br /> of salts used as an additive in stabilization of silty clay soil. Three types of salts<br /> used which are sodium chloride (NaCl), magnisum chloride (MgCl2) and calcium<br /> chloride (CaCl2). Various amounts of salts (2%, 4%, and 8%) were added to the<br /> soil to study the effect of salts on the consistency limits, compaction characteristics<br /> and CBR value.The test results indicated that the liquid limit, plastic limit and<br /> plasticity index decreased as the salts content increased. The addition of salts to the<br /> soil increased the maximum dry density and reduced the optimum moisture<br /> content. The addition of (2 %) salt to the soil causes increases the CBR value<br /> between (8 to 28 %), while, in samples containing large amount of salt (4 and 8 %)<br /> the increase was between (55 to 80%).The CBR value increased as the salt content<br /> increases for different type of salt and the greatest value is found in the soil treated<br /> with (4%) calcium chloride which was equal to (80 %).https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66072_748168440264c4449715aeda3c88690e.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001The Relationship between Quality, Benchmarking, Reliability and Globalization In Industrial Engineering Activity306530816607310.30684/etj.30.17.9ENSaleh J. FendiJournal Article20121001The study is perhaps the first to evaluate and establish the relationship between<br /> Quality, benchmarking, Reliability and globalization in industrial engineering activity<br /> in Emirates, where the study was conducted on international companies operating in<br /> Dubai. The study seeks to understand the impact & effect of globalization on all the<br /> various topic of industrial engineering that distinguish implementing quality<br /> management program, reliability program and ISO certified and benchmarking<br /> companies from none implemented benchmarking or quality, reliability, ISO program.<br /> Also the study tries to evaluate the effect of these factors on the organizational<br /> performance. The study found a number of significant relationships between the<br /> reliability, and globalization in industrial engineering activity. It also found support for<br /> the argument that high reliability, high quality and benchmarking practices will<br /> improve industrial engineering and at the end result will improve overall organizational<br /> performance in large, medium and small global businesses. Therefore the results<br /> achieve the goals of industrial engineering to eliminate wastes of time, cost, materials,<br /> energy, and other resources to increase profits.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66073_f43fb763fa8df7d9c5585b4adb93776c.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Detoxification from Cotyledons of Apricot Seeds (Prunus armeniaca) and its Effect on the Properties of Raw Material and Extracted Oil308230976607510.30684/etj.30.17.10ENFiras Hashim Kamar AL-HamadaniJournal Article20121001Detoxification from seed cotyledons of (Prunus armeniaca) was carried out by<br /> soaking of seed cotyledons in water before and after extraction of oil, and the results<br /> showed that seed represent (15) % of fruit weight, where hull and cotyledons weight<br /> percentages were (62.19) % and (37.81) % of the mature seed respectively. The seed<br /> cotyledons contained high level of crude oil (50.93) % and medium level of protein<br /> (30.03) % and low level of carbohydrate (12.70) % also very low percentage of the ash<br /> and fibers. On the other hand, the seed cotyledons contained high level of hydrocyanic<br /> acid (0.27) %. The percentages of free fatty acids in the extractable crude oils before<br /> and after removing of the toxicity were (0.81) % and (1.69) %, respectively. The<br /> predominant fatty acids found in the crude oil were oleic, linoleic and palmatic acids<br /> and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids reached (94) % from total fatty acids. The<br /> oil separated into eight components using thin layer chromatography, in which the triethyl<br /> glycerol was the main component. The crude protein and ash content of powder<br /> was reduced after removal of the toxicity by soaking in water. The percentages of<br /> hydrocyanic acid before and after extracting oil between (2.30-3.37) % of the total<br /> hydrocyanic acid in the powder. The effect of removing of the toxicity on mineral and<br /> amino acid content of powder was relatively low especially after toxicity removing<br /> before oil extract. However, the powder was found to have most of the essential amino<br /> acids.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66075_6bfd04e579b2ac1386969844494caef2.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Studying the Effect of Glass - Fiber on Electrical Conductivity of Polyamide Composite Material309831036607610.30684/etj.30.17.11ENNirvana A. Abed AlameerDuha Abed AlameerHaidar A. HusseinJournal Article20121001The electrical conductivity of glass fibre reinforced polyamide composite materials<br /> was investigated for both weight fraction of glass fibre and frequency. This study is<br /> focused on various types of glass fibres (S, E&C) and different weight fractions (10,<br /> 20, 30 &40) at frequencies (50, 500, 1000, 105 &106) Hz. The results exhibited<br /> addition glass fibre fillers on matrix material were apparent good electrical<br /> conductivity at high weight fraction comparing to their low percentage account of the<br /> fillers created conductive path in the matrix material, it reached to (2.52, 2.1&2.21)*<br /> 10-10 S/cm for C-glass fiber, E-glass fiber and S-glass fiber; respectively at %40 weight<br /> fraction. Also that electrical conductivity increased with increasing in frequency due to<br /> charges movement in the dielectric material.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66076_4dcf383770462f38f3540a0a6222e728.pdfUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301720121001Laser Energy Effects on Optical Properties of Titanium Di- Oxide Prepared by Reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition310431116608010.30684/etj.30.17.12ENMukkaram. A FakhryFarah A. HattabEsraa K. HamedJournal Article20121001In this Work, Laser energy effects on optical and morphological properties of<br /> TiO2 thin film has been carried out using Reactive Pulsed Laser as a Deposition<br /> technique (RPLD). Q-switched Nd-YAG laser with (ë=1.06ìm, t =7nsec) and<br /> different energies have been used to ablate pure Titanium target and deposited thin<br /> films on glass substrates with constant substrate temperature of (343K). The optical<br /> properties of the films prepared include Optical transmit ion and absorption<br /> measurement, surface uniformity measurement and FTIR structure of these films.<br /> The results films show that high transparency reached to about (85-98) % can be<br /> achieved with TiO2 film which itself decreases sharply with the increasing of Laser<br /> energy while the optical band gap is (3.7-3.9) eV at optimum Laser energy in all<br /> results (800mJ), the FTIRstructure result at 800 mJ is the optimum and peaks<br /> absorption of TiO2 are (408.91, 439.77, 524.64) cm-1.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_66080_bbc305084a86d9cdb4fd7ed05634107e.pdf