University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728التأكل البايولوجي في الهياكل الحديدية لوحدات إنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية في سد حديثة3033122664110.30684/etj.26.7.14ENJournal Article20080701Both fresh water & salt water can sustain thousands of microscopic and macroscopic<br />organisms, which have been observed to live and grow on the steel structure rules for plants of<br />electric power production in sad-haditha. These organisms attach themselves to solid surfaces<br />during their growth cycle. The accumulation of these organisms causes corrosion directly or<br />indirectly by deterioration of metal. They assimilate ferrous iron ions and precipitate them into<br />types of green rusts. Green rust (1) which consists of<br />FeSO4.7 H2O ,4Fe (OH) 3FeSO4. 4H2O ,Fe (OH)2<br />While green rust (2) consists of<br />[4Fe (OH) 2 (2FeOOH .FeSO4 .4H2O)]<br />The acceleration of corrosion by biological organisms is quite widespread, there has been<br />relatively little detailed research concerned with the identification of these species especially in<br />Iraq & and this describes the aim & the scope of this work.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728دراسة تأثير الشكل الهندسي لمقدمة بريمة الثقب العميق على خواص الثقوب المنتجة3133232664210.30684/etj.26.7.15ENJournal Article20080701The term deep hole originally reffered to hole depth over (5* diameter)<br />Deep hole drilling is a collective name for method for machining both short and<br />deep holes. In deep hole drilling cutting fluid supply and chip transport play an<br />important role in machining of hole depths of more than (100*diameter).<br />The cutting tip geometry has a significant effect on a drills performance and<br />on the quality of the machined holes by effecting on chips shape and<br />thickness, distribution of the cutting forces, and on the flow of the cutting<br />fluid at the cutting edge. The gun drill is normally divided in three parts:<br />1.Drill tip 2. Shank. 3. Driver.<br />Depending on the application, the most common tool tip material is C2<br />carbide, which is one of the harder grades. This paper deals with expermental<br />effect of gundrill tip geometry on the following properties of the hole: Hole<br />straightness , Error shape in roundness , Dimension tolerance and Surface<br />roughness. According to improvements of gun drill tip geometry in this work, the<br />deep drilled holes properties are significantly improved with the following results<br />: Hole straightness ( 7 μm) , Error shape in roundness ( 5 μm) , Dimension<br />tolerance ( 7 μm) and Surface roughness ( Ra 1.2 μm).University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Dynamic Analysis Of Soil-Structure Interaction Problems Considering Infinite Boundaries7257462664310.30684/etj.26.7.1ENMohammed Yousif FattahMohammed J. HamoodShatha Hazim DawoodJournal Article20080701One of the limitations of the usage of the finite element method in dynamic soilstructure<br />interaction arises when it is used for the modelling of an infinite domain if<br />nothing is done to prevent from artificial reflections at the mesh boundary; errors are<br />introduced into the results. To handle reflections, different artificial boundaries have<br />been proposed. The aim of such boundaries is to make them behave as nearly as<br />possible as if the mesh extends to infinity. In this paper they are known as transmitting,<br />absorbing or silent boundaries. A brief description to two different approaches of<br />absorbing boundaries is made, first by using infinite elements and the second by using<br />viscous boundaries method. For this purpose the computer program named<br />“MIXDYN” is modified in this study to “Mod-MIXDYN” by adding mapped infinite<br />element model to the finite elements models of the program to be used for dynamic<br />analysis of soil-structure interaction problems. A new derivation of the mapped<br />functions is made in this study for the cases when the infinite direction is extended to<br />the left horizontally (at negative ξ direction) and down vertically (at negative η<br />direction).<br />Two verification problems are solved to compare the results of the modified<br />program with the results of other software, namely ANSYS and OpenSees representing<br />other types of elements (dashpot elements) modelling boundaries as viscous boundary.<br />It was found that the transmitting boundary absorbs most of the incident<br />energy. The distinct reflections observed in the "fixed boundaries" case disappear in<br />the "transmitted boundaries" case. This is true for both cases of using viscous<br />boundaries or mapped infinite elements. The viscous boundaries are more effective in<br />absorbing the waves resulting from dynamic loads than mapped infinite elements. This<br />is clear when comparing the results of both types with those of transient infinite<br />elements.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Redlich-Kwong Equation of State Used For Prediction phase Data7477522664410.30684/etj.26.7.2ENDhia Aldeen M. KassimJournal Article20080701The solubility of CO2 in the non-volatile compounds of n-Hexadecane,<br />Diphenylmetnane, Diphenyl ethane, Ethyl benzene and of Nitrogen in n-<br />Hexadecane, at temperature range 298.15-358.15 K are measured at partial<br />pressure of one atmosphere, Falling-film flow technique was used in the present<br />experimental work.<br />It is seen that in most cases the solubility is decreased at the temperature<br />increased, though in the case of the Nitrogen/n-Hexadecane system the reverse is<br />true. The effect is probably related to the decrease in solvent density which occurs<br />as the temperature raises. For systems of low Solubility ,this effect tends to counter<br />balance the increase tendency for solute molecules to "escape" from the solvent,<br />arising from their increase kinetic energy . In addition ,the binary interaction<br />constant (LAB) was calculated by fitting the mole fraction solubility of solute gases<br />CO2 and N2 by using Redlich-Kwong equation of state for predicting phase data.<br />The interaction constant LAB was calculated from the following expression:<br />= 1− ( )−0.5 ...........(1) AB AB A B L a a aUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Study the Adhesion Force of Tubular Shaped Fiber Reinforced Composites7537612664510.30684/etj.26.7.3ENHussein Ali Hamid AL-AbdlyNajat J. SalehAdnan A. AbdulRazakHassen Sh. MajdiJournal Article20080701In the present work tubular –shaped fiber reinforced composites were<br />manufactured by using two types of resin epoxy (EP) and unsaturated polyester<br />(UP),each was separately reinforced with glass, carbon and kevlar-49 fibers (filament<br />and woven roving), hybrid reinforcement composites of these fibers were also<br />prepared. The adhesion force test of the prepared specimens was carried out. These<br />adhesion forces exhibited a peak value at a percent of hardener/resin (H/R)= 3% for<br />UP matrix with all type of fiber arrangements while 30% was obtained for EP matrix<br />.Such behavior was declined with increase in temperatures. Glass transition<br />temperatures were determined from these measurements, and found to be 90°C for EP–<br />glass and 83 °C for UP –glass composites.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Design and Implementation of Synthesizable VHDL Model for General PCMCIA I/O Cards Controller7627762664710.30684/etj.26.7.4ENYousra Abd MohammedJournal Article20080701Abstract<br />The portable and nomadic computer market has driven the development of<br />PCMCIA Cards to address the expansion needs for the user. These cards provide a<br />vast variety of hardware devices which are rugged, credit-card sized, lightweight,<br />and power efficient. These cards are easy to use, especially for the non-technical<br />user. Since the sockets are accessible from the outside of the system, the system<br />does not have to be powered-off, opened, and rebooted to add or remove a device.<br />This dynamic insertion and removal feature inherently makes these devices power<br />manageable and also allows devices to easily be shared among different computers.<br />This paper is concerned with type II PC cards, which mean I/O cards,<br />therefore a design and implementation of synthesizable VHDL model for control<br />system (Controller) of the PCMCIA I/O cards is presented.<br />The implementation of the control system (controller) has been done by using very<br />high speed hardware descriptive language (VHDL) and its implementation on field<br />programming gate array (FPGA) type Xilinx Spartan 2 (XC2S30-6 Pq208) by<br />using synthesis and implement tools of ISE6.3 program.<br />The used of FPGA technology is optimal for this paper because it offers high<br />reliability and flexibility in modifying and even developing the required design<br />with a reduction in the required number of hardware components, also the non<br />recurring engineering cost.<br />The timing behavior of the controller is be tested and verified to ensure<br />that it meets the performance requirements by using simulation tools of Active-<br />HDL program AND Daley report of ISE program, therefore examples of<br />simulation results of read/write transfers for both an attribute memory and I/O<br />devices are presented in this paper.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Dynamic Simulation of Semi-Batch Catalytic Distillation Used for Esterfication Reaction7777962664810.30684/etj.26.7.5ENZiadoon M. ShakorKhalid A. SukkarJournal Article20080701In this paper the detailed mathematical dynamic model of semi-batch reactive<br />distillation is formulated for ethyl acetate synthesis (estrefication reaction).<br />The model is composed of material balance, heat balance, and equilibrium<br />equations. The set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the<br />unsteady state composition profile in a semi-batch reactive distillation column<br />were solved by using fourth order Runge-Kutta integration method with the aid of<br />the powerful MATLAB 6.5 program which used to simulate and optimize the<br />semi-batch reactive distillation column.<br />The simulation provides compositions, temperatures and holdups profiles<br />along the column as a function of time. Also the reactant conversion and ethyl<br />acetate purity in distillate are calculated.<br />Finally, the simulation results are analyzed to find the optimum operating<br />policy of reflux ratio, Ethanol/Acetic acid and catalyst weight.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Performance Improvement of a Single Phase Induction Motor Fed by Nonsinusoidal Voltages7978112665010.30684/etj.26.7.6ENJamal A. MohammedJournal Article20080701The distorted voltage waveforms, which have, more or less, a high harmonic<br />content, have negative impact on the long-term performance of the motor, as they<br />cause nonsinusoidal currents in the stator and the rotor, and consequently additional<br />losses and distorted torque in the machine.<br />The steady state performance of Permanent Capacitor single phase induction<br />motor fed by optimal SHEPWM inverter is studied with respect to harmonics,<br />additional losses and torque pulsations. The effectiveness of the optimal SHPWM<br />technique in improving of motor performance is investigated analyticallyUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Study of tensile strength and compression strength of binary polymeric blends (High Density poly ethylene /polycarbonate)8128232665210.30684/etj.26.7.7ENSanaa A. HafadBalkees M. DyaaMohammed S. WaheedJournal Article20080701In this work, HDPE/PC binary polymeric blends has been made by using the single<br />screw extruder machine .<br />The tensile strength measurements showed that this blend have higher<br />results reflects the homogeneity of the mixture and higher strength<br />compared with that of single material the strength like HDPE or PC alone<br />and these values increase when blending with ratio (80/20) of (HDPE/PC);<br />and increase more when reinforcing with E-glass fibers (1%). Also in the<br />compressive strength increases for blends of (80/20%) (HDPE/PC)<br />furthermore, a composite of these blends with E-glass fiber these values<br />are increased more .University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Preparation and the study optical and electrical properties of thin films for optoelectronic applications8248282665310.30684/etj.26.7.8ENKhalid Z. YahiyaAmmar H. JraizUday M. NayefJournal Article20080701Conductive transparent In2O3 thin films with (222) preferred orientation were<br />prepared by thermal oxidation (TO) in static air of indium thin films at condition<br />(250°C/25 min). Detailed structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of the<br />film are presented. The data are interpreted to give a direct band gap of<br />(3.6) eV and indirect band gap of (2.5) eV. The In2O3 film has sheet resistance as<br />low as (20)Ω/□ . in absence of any post-deposition annealing conditions. The<br />mobility of these films was estimated to be (31) cm2. V-1. s-1.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of Orthogonal Cutting With Multi Layer Coated Tools8298412665410.30684/etj.26.7.9ENMaan Aabid TawfiqZeena Jumaa AhmedJournal Article20080701This paper focuses on the development of Finite Element Method (FEM) in<br />modeling and simulation of coated cutting tools with multi-layer coats. A special Finite<br />Element code called (MSC.MARC mentat) is used in the numerical tests, the results are<br />then compared with experimental work. The paper studied the effect of number of coats<br />of cutting tools on the following field parameters; tool-chip contact length, chip<br />contraction coefficient and shear angle at similar machining conditions.The metal being<br />machined is (AISI 1045 steel) with orthogonal machining conditions. The three cutting<br />tools and models are coated with (TiN, TiN/TiC, TiN/Al2O3/TiC), while the fourth one<br />is uncoated.The results show good agreement between the experimental and numerical<br />tests. Some of the results are compared with other published papers. The comparison of<br />the predicted results shows good agreement with experimental tests with maximum<br />relative difference of (18%) for the chip contraction coefficient and contact length, and<br />(10 %) for the shear angle. The insert with double coats shows excellent result,<br />compared to others from point of view of chip contraction coefficient, contact length and<br />shear angle.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Improving Anodizing Efficiency by Adding Different Amounts of Aluminum Powder to Anodizing Electrolyte for Pure Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy (6063)8428652665510.30684/etj.26.7.10ENUday Sami MohammadSami A. AjeelJournal Article20080701Different amounts of aluminum powder (5, 7, 9 and 11g/l) were added to sulfuric<br />acid solution of the specimens under ideal conditions previously obtained (1) and the<br />effect of these additions was studied to find out it's benefit on anodizing efficiency for<br />pure aluminum and aluminum alloy (6063).<br />The specimens were examined in different conditions using optical microscope,<br />roughness and hardness measurements.<br />The study shows the anodizing process was improved by adding aluminum<br />powder with ideal conditions and the best value of aluminum powder was 9g/l,<br />where the thickness improved from 72.25μm at ideal conditions to 81.25μm with<br />adding 9g/l aluminum powder and the coating ratio improved from 1.481 at ideal<br />conditions to 1.541 with adding 9g/l aluminum powder for pure aluminum, while the<br />thickness improved from 74.56μm at ideal conditions to 82.29μm with adding 9 g/l<br />aluminum powder and the coating ratio improved from 1.417 at ideal conditions to<br />1.471 with adding 9g/l aluminum powder for aluminum alloy (6063).<br />The study also shows that the effective anodic current efficiency was increased<br />about 12.50% when adding aluminum powder of 9g/l compared with ideal conditions<br />for pure aluminum, while this value was increased about 10.20% when adding<br />aluminum powder of 9g/l compared with ideal conditions for aluminum alloy (6063)<br />without adding aluminum powder.<br />It is found that the surface roughness and hardness value of specimens with adding<br />aluminum powder of 9g/l gives the best result compared with the specimens at ideal<br />conditions and bare specimens.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Optical Properties of ZnTe Thin Films Prepared By Chemical Spray Pyrolysis8668712665610.30684/etj.26.7.11ENMohammed S.MohammedJournal Article20080701Thin films of ZnTe have been prepared by the method of chemical spray pyrolysis<br />.The absorption and transmissions spectra are recorded in the range 400-900nm.The<br />spectral dependences of absorption coefficient were calculated from transmission<br />spectra. The allowed direct and optical band gap energy has been evaluated from<br />(αhν)2 vs. (hν) plots. The optical constants such as extinction coefficient(k)and<br />refractive index (n) have been evaluated.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Design and Implementation of Programmable FIR Filter Using FPGA8728842665710.30684/etj.26.7.12ENHikmat N. AbdullahJournal Article20080701This paper presents the design and implementation of a<br />programmable Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter using ALTERA Field<br />Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The filter performance is first<br />tested using Filter Design and Analysis (FDA) tool from Mathworks to<br />verify magnitude response and obtain coefficient tables. The test operation<br />includes LPF and BPF filter types with coefficient lengths of 7 and 31<br />respectively. The FPGA design is carried out by writing VHDL modules for<br />different filter components. The simulation waveforms, synthesis reports<br />and board programming files have obtained using the package QUARTUSII.<br />ALTERA-FLEX10K10 FPGA Family with EPF10K10LC84-3 board is<br />used as a target device for implementation purpose.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-690026720080728Studing The Mechanical Properties Of Ternary Blends Of Hdpe/Pp/Abs8858932665810.30684/etj.26.7.13ENZanaib Y.ShneaUniversity of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, IraqNabeela A. MohammedJournal Article20080701In this work a type of polymer blend has been prepared from mixing different<br />percent (40,50,60, and 70) % of High-density polyethylene, polypropylene and adding 6%<br />weight percent of acrylonitril-butadiene-styrene by using single-screw extruder. The<br />extrusion process concentrated on the homogeneous mixing manner among materials<br />through a regular selection of machine screw revolution per minute and temperature used in<br />extrusion process. Some of mechanical properties such as impact strength, modulus of<br />elasticity and shore hardness of polymer blend, were determined at different weight fraction<br />of blend. It was found that the addition (6%wt) of ABS to the binary blends HDPE/PP leads<br />to increase the modulus of elasticity, the impact strength and shore hardness.<br />On the other hand increasing % HDPE content from 40 to 70wt% in HDPE/PP<br />ternary blends leads to increase the modulus of elasticity from 166.35 Mpa to 186.25 Mpa,<br />and impact strength increase from o.o52 to o.o6 J/mm2 while decreases the shore hardness<br />from 89 to 69.