University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Evaluation of Training Workshop For The Organic Fertilizer Users in AL-Rashdia District – Baghdad Governorate3023176086810.30684/etj.30.13.14ENSamer Muhii TahaKhalida ShawkatAuras Muhii TahaJournal Article20120701This research aimed to the Evaluation of The Training Workshop For The<br /> Organic Fertilizer Users in AL-Rashdia District – Baghdad Governorate in all<br /> it is field . The process of evaluation of The Training Workshoptook stages,<br /> these stages are: First stage: determine the element of Training Workshop<br /> Literatures Folders Extension in field,containing of Five fieldsas<br /> follow{Trainer, Curriculum,Method &Ways,Environment(Context),Trained},<br /> Fiftyfour items. Second stage: determining the groups of criteria to evaluate of<br /> The element of The Training Workshop. Third stage: Surveying of Training<br /> Workshop as through:1.Training Workshop Literatures Folders Extension in<br /> field, containing of Five fields as follow{Trainer,<br /> Curriculum,Method&Ways,Environment(Context),Trained } Fiftyfour items.<br /> 2. A preliminary Scale was showed to a group of (6 experts and specialized<br /> persons) in agricultural extension field, to express their opinions about fields<br /> and items of the The Element of The Training Workshop scale and its<br /> fitness.3.Used the tri the element of Training Workshop scale consists of<br /> :Totally Mentioned,Patially Mentioned ,Non Mentioned and put degrees of the<br /> tri scale The Element of The Training Workshop according to : Totally<br /> Mentioned three degrees, Patially Mentioned two degrees and Non Mentioned<br /> one degree. The research population is ( 30 Trained) . A questionnaire used to<br /> collect datas from the Trained.The statistical tools used are the percentages, ,<br /> means,Alpha cronbach coefficient.<br /> This researchended to were very active and influent, the Level of The<br /> Element of The Training Workshop stands in the Patially Mentioned.The<br /> research recommendations that aiming to support The Element of The Training<br /> Workshop fields,that reflected a positive improving productivity and<br /> production of farming system.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Effect of Heat Treatments on Sliding Wear Behavior of Medium Carbon Steel3183286086910.30684/etj.30.13.15ENAhlam Abdalamir MohamedJournal Article20120701The aim of this work is to study the effect of heat treatments on the wear rate of<br /> the medium carbon steel which included normalizing and different quenching<br /> media (air, oil, salt solution at concentration %25). Quenching Include heating to<br /> a temperature of 870Co and then rapid cooling. A Pin -on-Disc technique was used<br /> to measure the wear rate under dry sliding conditions with applied and different<br /> sliding times with constant sliding speed of disc (641 r.p.m) and hardness of the<br /> steel disc (48 HRC).<br /> The results show that the wear rate increases with applied loads, and with<br /> increasing sliding time for all heat treated specimens it was found that the hardness<br /> values of the quench specimens at salt solution is higher than that of normalized<br /> specimens and quenched specimens in the oil.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Effect of Transformation Temperature on Microstructure andMechanical Properties of Bainite216521746085510.30684/etj.30.13.1ENHala Salman HasanJournal Article20120701Fully bainitic microstructure can be obtained by isothermal transformation at<br /> temperatures within the range of bainite transformation. Both transformation temperature<br /> and time determine the phase fraction, the scale of the resultant microstructure and the<br /> carbone content of the retained austenite, which in turn determine the mechanical<br /> properties.<br /> In this study, the thermomechanical simulator was used to obtained the fully bainitic<br /> microstructure for the high carbon alloy steel (0.78%C) at a different bainite<br /> transformation temperatures (200 to 350°C) in order to study the effect of the isothermal<br /> transformation temperature on the resultant mechanical properties.<br /> It has been concluded from the detailed analysis of the microstructure, the dilatometric<br /> data and the mechanical properties (hardness and tensile properties) that finer bainite and<br /> less retained austenite phase fraction can be obtained by transformation at lower<br /> temperatures, and that leads to exceptional mechanical properties (Hardness ≈ 660 HV,<br /> and Tensile strength ≈ 2 Gpa).University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Boron Removal from Shat Al-Arab River Water Using Electrocoagulation217521856085610.30684/etj.30.13.2ENSaadi K. Al-NaseriJournal Article20120701Shat Al-Arab is a river located at the south of Iraq. Boron concentration has<br /> increased significantly recently due to the drought season which makes water from<br /> the Arabian Gulf pour into Shat Al-Arab. Boron concentration, as high as 5 mg/l,<br /> was detected in this river. This is 10 times the allowable drinking water concentration<br /> for boron according toWHO and the Iraqi drinking water guidelines, i.e. 0.5 mg/l.<br /> Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of electrocoagulation<br /> technique to reduce boron concentrations in synthetic water of 5 mg Boron/l and<br /> conductivity of 2000 μS/cm to the required level in drinking water. Experimental<br /> setup was prepared to determine the effects of several operating parameters on the<br /> optimum operation for the electrocoagulation. In addition, the technique was<br /> compared with chemical coagulation, using Poly-Aluminum-Chloride, Aluminum<br /> Sulphate, and Ferric Chloride.<br /> The experiments revealed that chemical coagulation has a very low efficiency<br /> (about 12%) that renders it unsuitable as a pretreatment for existing (or for the future)<br /> desalination units. On the other hand, electrocoagulation experiments showed a<br /> maximum boron removal efficiency of 40% at a current density of 5 mA/cm2,<br /> operating time of 30 minutes, and pH of 8.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701An FPGA Based Vehicles Density Dependent Intelligent Traffic Light System218621966085710.30684/etj.30.13.3ENNajmah A. HabeebJournal Article20120701In this paper, a vehicles density dependent intelligent traffic light system based on<br /> FPGA has been built. The intelligent traffic light system counts the number of<br /> available vehicles in the sides of the traffic intersection via the sensors placed on<br /> the ends of the road. Subsequently, it determines passage time required for each<br /> side, depending on the density of existing vehicles in it, in order to pass the largest<br /> number of vehicles in the intersection during a certain time. The proposed system<br /> is built using VHDL, simulated using Xilinx ISE 9.2i package, and implemented<br /> using Spartan-3A XC3S700A FPGA kit. Implementation and Simulation<br /> behavioral model results show that proposed system fits the specified functional<br /> requirements, and finds a solution to overcome the problem of traffic jam at<br /> intersections.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Experimental Study of Self Compacting Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams under Four Point Loads219722086085810.30684/etj.30.13.4ENMohammed Mohammed RasheedIlham Hatem Khudhair AlobaidiJournal Article20120701The results of eight reinforced concrete deep beams tested under four point<br /> loading condition are reported. The test beams were simply supported and were<br /> made with self compacting concrete (SCC). The variables were; web reinforcement<br /> and anchorage of tension reinforcement. The test beams were divided into four<br /> groups according to the web reinforcement. Each group consists of two beams, one<br /> with the anchorage of tension reinforcement and the other without. The nominal<br /> cross section was 100 x 300mm and the clear span length was 1100mm.<br /> Deflections of beams and cracking patterns were monitored during the tests at<br /> different stages of the monotonic loading until failure. The results showed the<br /> significance of the web reinforcement and anchorage of tension bars on the<br /> strength and failure behavior of SCC deep beams. The ultimate strength of beam<br /> without web reinforcement increased to 39% by adding anchorage to the<br /> longitudinal tension reinforcement. While the ultimate strength of the beam<br /> increased to 16% by adding anchorage to tension reinforcement for beams having<br /> web reinforcement that consists of stirrups with horizontal reinforcementUniversity of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701A Second-Order Single Loop Oversampling Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with Proposed Hybrid Feedforward/Feedback Architecture220922286085910.30684/etj.30.13.5ENHasan M. AzzawiJournal Article20120701This paper proposes hybrid architecture of feedforward/feedback second order<br /> single-loop modulator for high resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC)<br /> applications. Different techniques for oversampling modulator are discussed. The<br /> proposed architecture consists of three stages. The first stage is 2nd order single<br /> loop oversampling ADC with novel feedforward/feedback architecture. In the<br /> second stage, an error cancellation circuit (ECC) is proposed at the output of the<br /> modulator to noise shaping of quantization noise. In addition, the third stage is a<br /> decimation filter in order to reduce the oversampling ratio (OSR) which is suitable<br /> for broadband applications. With low OSR=24, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is<br /> improved about 55 dB if compared with traditional architecture (feedback singleloop<br /> high order topology). The achieved resolution or the effective number of bits<br /> (ENOB) is (22-bit). With high OSR=256, the net improvement in quantization<br /> noise reduction is 64 dB if compared with feedforward architecture (single-loop<br /> high order) and the ENOB=28. Finally a 1-bit quantizer is used in the proposed<br /> architecture which greatly decreases the circuit implementation complexity and<br /> power consumption. Simulation results show the superiority performance of<br /> proposed hybrid architecture as compared with traditional modulator topologies<br /> (feedforward and feedback).University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Heat Rejection From Horizontal Tube Through Heat Valve222922516086010.30684/etj.30.13.6ENAli D.SalmanJournal Article20120701This study presents experimental work to construct a non- conventional<br /> thermosyphon where it is consists of three parts, which include the evaporator,<br /> adiabatic and condenser sections all of these parts are arranged radially in parallel to<br /> construct the heat valve (HV). Heat valve used to evacuate heat from horizontal copper<br /> electrical heater tube by working fluid which is(distilled water, methanol, ethanol) with<br /> different filling ratio 66.6% and 83.3%. Working fluid evacuate heat from copper<br /> evaporator towards condenser where a change in phase mechanism make insure to<br /> increase the heat performance of HV. Thin stainless steel mesh grid coated evaporator<br /> to translate heat to the working fluid at the case of high evaporation of working fluid,<br /> while a very thin of aluminum fins are fixed to the condenser surface to extended it and<br /> construct the finned heat valve(FHV) with a high level thermal performance where<br /> heat reject in short time and make insure to condensate the working fluid’s vapor and<br /> that lead to low level of temperature in evaporator. The results refer to the high<br /> thermal performance of FHV where a low temperature in evaporator with low heat<br /> storage because the short distance between condenser and evaporator with a high ratio<br /> between area of them .Result refer to the effect of working fluid type with simple<br /> effect in filling ratio.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Speckle Noise Removal for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Based on Statistics Filters and Nonlinearing Function225222646086110.30684/etj.30.13.7ENE Kbal H. AliJournal Article20120701Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are contaminated by multiplicative<br /> noise, due to the coherence of the radar wavelength, labeled as speckle noise which<br /> results in an important reduction in the efficiency of target detection and<br /> classification algorithms . In this paper the corrupted pixels are replaced by an<br /> estimated value using the simple filter based statistics filters with nonlinear<br /> function which are worked at the same time to reduce the speckle noise without<br /> blurring edges or other features in SAR imagery. Quantitative and qualitative<br /> comparisons of the results obtained by the proposed method with the results<br /> achieved from the other speckle noise reduction filters demonstrate its higher<br /> performance for speckle reduction with preserving high frequency features (edges)<br /> in SAR images.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Kinematic Analysis of Semi-Flexible Robot226522846086210.30684/etj.30.13.8ENMuhsin J. JweegHussein M. Al-KhafajiJournal Article20120701In this work, a kinematic model of semi- flexible robot with two degrees of<br /> freedom based on the joint angles and arm’s deflections is presented with taking in<br /> consideration the small deflection parameter (exact model), and used experimental<br /> deformation results to make a comparison between the approximate model and the<br /> exact model. Due to the difficulties of using flexible robot in the real live, a two<br /> degrees semi-flexible robot was built; this robot will be used to get the experimental<br /> results for comparison. The comparison shows a small difference between the<br /> approximate model and the exact model, so with increasing the flexibility this<br /> difference will increase and in some applications of robot this difference will be<br /> significant and worth to take in consideration.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Separation and Determination of Preservative Methylparaben in Insulin Preparations Using Gas Chromatography228522946086310.30684/etj.30.13.9ENSuhair Mohammad YaseenAlberteen E. HabboushJournal Article20120701In this search an improved gas chromatographic method was used for<br /> identification and typically quantitated for methylparaben(mp) which is used as<br /> preservative in insulin preparations.it was involved the optimal conditions for<br /> extraction mp from aqueous samples with ethyl acetate ,chloroform ,and toluene as<br /> extractants,then analyzed by gas chromatography(GC).<br /> Effects of each of extractants polarity, aqueous samples pH, phases (organic to<br /> aqueous) ratio, mixing time, polarity of stationary phases, and column temperature<br /> on efficiency of separation and determination of mp. were studied in this work.<br /> Synthetic sample which contained the same contents as a life sample was<br /> tested to omit interferings of other drug additives on analysis results.<br /> The extraction of mp. was (90-91)% with one batch of ethyl acetate and (99-<br /> 100)%with two batches of ethyl acetate at pH medium(1.5-2).also the non-polar<br /> stationary phase(OV-101) is the best choice for determining mp by GC.<br /> The concentration of mp. in insulin preparations was within the acceptable<br /> range(1.003mg/ml).<br /> The relative error (R.E) was ± (0,39-1.49)% and relative standard<br /> deviation(R.S.D) was (1.21)% for life samples.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Preparation and Characterization of Mixed Ligands Metal Complexes Derived from Acetylacetonyl P-Imino Acetophenone and 5-Nitroso8-Hydroxyquinoline With Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) Ions229523026086410.30684/etj.30.13.10ENRashed Taleb RasheedJournal Article20120701The Schiff base ligand (HL) has been prepared by the reaction of Paminoacetophenone<br /> with acetylacetone. This ligand reacted with 5-nitroso8-<br /> hydroxyquinoline (HQ) and salts of first transition series (M) where M= (Fe(II),<br /> Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions ) to get mononuclear metal (II) complexes of the type<br /> [MLQ(H2O)2] have also been synthesized. The formation of the Schiff base ligand and<br /> its complexes have been envisaged from FTIR, UV-VIS, magnetic susceptibility,<br /> conductivity and atomic absorption technique studies. These studies confirm an<br /> octahedral environment around the metal ion in all our complexes.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701The Study of The Pulse Laser Properties in Two Different Photonic Crystal Fiber Materials230323146086510.30684/etj.30.13.11ENZahraa Hummam MohammedJournal Article20120701This study is to obtain a better understanding of how to shape the pulse laser<br /> spectrum by varying the material properties of the photonic crystal fiber (PCF). This<br /> includes the ability to obtain spectral power in particular wavelength regions, and<br /> obtaining a broad bandwidth.. Numerical modeling of the split step Adaptive Fourier<br /> method has been used to solving a form of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which<br /> describes the propagation of pulses in PCF. It was investigated how the spectrum can<br /> be controlled through dispersion property. The electromagnetic wave that send from<br /> IR laser diode source through the PCF to the observer. the optical properties of this<br /> electromagnetic wave, normalized power, intensity, dispersion, and group delay<br /> dispersion will be studied for the input, output and observer laser pulse. The<br /> compared of the different two materials of PCF (fused silica and Barium-fluoride<br /> BaF2) that be used and studies.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Numerical and Experimental Prediction of Food Freezing231523406086610.30684/etj.30.13.12ENSoundus S. AL-AzawJalal M. JalilJournal Article20120701In this study the freezing of foods was studied numerically and experimentally.<br /> Different kinds of foods have been studied numerically (Meat, Broccoli, Perch and<br /> Banana), while the experimental work is applied to meat only. In numerical solution<br /> enthalpy transformation method is used to transfer the energy equation into a nonlinear<br /> equation with a single dependent variable E (enthalpy). The discretization of<br /> energy equation in three dimensions was solved with phase change problem<br /> employing the control-volume finite-difference. The numerical results of the enthalpy<br /> method were compared with experimental results and were satisfactory. The freezing<br /> process of foods differs from one to other due to thermal property differences, water<br /> content and freezing point. Low water content leads to smooth cooling rate and short<br /> constant temperature region while high water content leads to long constant<br /> temperature region.University of Technology-IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-6900301320120701Tuning of Composite Fuzzy Logic Guidance Law Using Genetic Algorithms234123566086710.30684/etj.30.13.13ENSaadi A. Al-ObaidiMunther N. Al-TikritiAmmar Gh. Al-GhiziJournal Article20120701The application of Fuzzy Logic (FL) for the development of guidance laws for<br /> homing missile is presented. Fuzzy logic has been used to develop a Composite<br /> Fuzzy Guidance (CFG) law. The objective of this proposed guidance law is to<br /> combine desirable features of PN and APN homing guidance laws to enhance the<br /> interception of targets performing uncertain maneuvers without reaching the missile<br /> to saturation limit.<br /> During this work, it became apparent that the fuzzy controller of the CFG law can<br /> be further tuned to enhance its performance. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) which are<br /> inspired by natural genetics are one of the algorithms that can be used to tune the<br /> parameters of fuzzy controllers due to the promising results that they introduced in<br /> the field of optimization.<br /> This paper introduces the integration of GAs and FL with a main emphasis on<br /> tuning the membership function parameters of fuzzy logic controller of the proposed<br /> CFG law using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) with the view to improve its performance.<br /> The simulation has been performed using Borland C++ programming language<br /> (version 5.02) along with the Matlab programming package (version 7.0) that has<br /> been used for plotting the results of simulations.