Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah - Iraq
2 Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah -Iraq
Abstract
The study conducted to evaluate the ability of some aquatic plants in absorption and accumulate some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb) in their tissues from contaminated water in two sites of Shatt Al-Arab River, Province of Basrah/Iraq. Water samples were collected from two sites one of them north of Basrah (Gurna) and the other from Sindbad island middle site of Shatt Al-Arab river. The chemical analysis had been performed to find out water quality. A laboratory experiment had been conducted by using three types of aquatic plants which were; Common Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L., Common Reed (Phragmites australis L, and Nut Grass (Cyperus rotundus L.). Two types of water qualities (Gurna and Sindbad island) from Shatt Al-Arab river in addition to distilled water as a control treatment. Plants were planted in glass containers filling with water samples to know the ability of plants to absorb heavy metals. Results showed that water quality, according to American salinity laboratory classification was C4S1 for both sites. Concentration of cadmium, copper, iron, and lead in Shatt Al-Arab river in both sites was (0.021, 0.034), (15.40, 23.50), (248.1, 181.0), and (15.5, 54.0) ugL-1 respectively. The preliminary analysis of heavy metals concentration in aquatic plants of Cd, Cu, Fe and Pb were 0.18, 14.5, 650.5, and 26.2 mg kg-1 of dry weight respectively. While the results were 0.45, 36.2, 1173.0, and 50.5 mg kg-1 dry weight respectively in the Ceratophyllum, Finally, in the common reed, the concentration was 0.2, 30.5, 1095.2, and 45.2 mgKg-1 dry weight for each heavy metals respectively. The removal efficiency of aquatic plants was varied with plant species and they took the following order common hornwort >common reed>nut grass.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Soil and Plants,” CRC Press, 2005.
[2] J. Al-Maliky et al., “Analysis of Water Quality and the
Impact of the Salt Wedge From the Arabian Gulf on the
Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq, Dissertation, Brisbane;
Queensland University, 2012.
[3] H. Al-Mahmood et al. “Survey for the Evaluation of
Physical –Chemical Parameters of Shatt Al-Arab Water
from (1974-2005),” Basra Mag.Agric.Sci.Vol.21, pp.433-
448, 2008.
[4] A. Ati, “Characteristics of Water in Shatt Al-Arab River
and its Level of Pollution with Heavy Metals,”Ph.D. Disser,
College of Agriculture, University of Basra, Iraq, 2004.
[5] B. Al-Sabah,” Studying of Physical behavior of Mineral
Elements Contaminated Water and Sediments of Shatt AlArab River” Ph.D. Disser, College of Agriculture,
University of Basrah, Iraq, 2007.
[6] O. Akpor and M. Much, “Remediation of Heavy Metals
in Drinking Water by Wastewater Treatment System,”
Processes and Application, 2010.
[7] R. Thomas, et al. “An Evaluation of Pollution Removal
From Secondary Treated Sewage Effluents Using a
Constructed Wetland System,” Water Sci. Tech. Vol, 32,
pp. 87-93, 1995.
[8] H. Abdel-Shafy, et al. “Accumulation of Metals by
Vascular Plants,” Journal of Environ, Management and
Health, Vol, 5, Issue, 21, pp.21-24, 1994.
[9] US-EPA, “Environmental Protection Agency,
“Vascular Plants as indicators of Prairie Wetland Integrity,”
Report EPA,1600/R.96/082, 1995.
[10] N. Aziz et al. “Phyragmits Australis and Typha
Domengensis as Bioaccumulation and Biomonitors of
Three Heavy Metals Along Shatt Al-Basra Canal, South of
Hammar Marsh, Marsh Bull, Vol. 2, pp.84-92, 2006.
[11] R. Hanaf, “Bioaccumulation of Copper and Lead in
three Types of Aquatic Plants in Shatt Al-Arab River,
M.Sc., Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Basra,
2009.
[12] APHA, American Public Health Association,”Standard
Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater,”
Washington, D.C, 20, 036, pp. 1193, 1995.
[13] Y. Karla, “Handbook of Reference Methods of Plant
Analysis,” CRC Press, 1998.
[14] M. Hassan, “Nutrient Level in Shatt Al-Arab River and
Its Effect on Alge,” M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture,
University of Basra, 2003.
[15] Q. Liu, et al. “High Fat Wastewaters Remediation
Using Layered Sand Filter Biofilm System,” In Proceeding
of the Eight International Symposium on Animals,
Agriculture and Food Processing Wates, ASAE, pp.242-
248, 2000.
[16] S. Antonie, and H. AlSaadi, “Limnological Studies on
the Polluted Ashar Canal and Shatt Al-Arab River of
Basrah, IRAQ,” International Revue Basrah (IRAQ)”,
International Revue Der Gesamten Hydrobiology, Vol. 67,
Issue, 3, pp.405-418,1982.
[17] S. Al-Essa, “Environmental Study of Aquatic Plants
and Algae Attached With Them in Shatt Al-Arab River,
Ph.D. Diss, College of Agriculture, University of Basra,
2004.
[18] FAO, “Water Quality for Agriculture, Irrigation and
Drainage, Paper. 29, Rev, IFAO, Rome, pp.174, 1985.
[19] H. AlSaad et al., “Marine Pollution,”College of Marine
Science and Environmental, Hodeida University Press,
2003.
[20] A. Mahmood, “Pollutants Concentration in Waste,
Sediments and Plants of Some Water Bodies in Southern
Iraq,” Ph.D. Diss., College of Science, University of Basra,
2008.
[21] B. AlKafaji, “Preliminary Survey Selection of Heavy
Metals in Al-Jubayla Cree; Connected with Shatt Al-Arab
River,” Marina Mesopotomica, Vol. 15, Issue, 1, pp.69-80,
2000.
[22] J. Preverly, “Characterization of Sediment Cd with
Decreased Toxicity in Myriophyllum spicatum L. in:
Hemphill, D.D.(ed.), Trace Substance in Environmental
Health-XXII, University of Missouri, pp. 299-309,1988.
[23] A. Memon et al. “Heavy Metals Accumulation and
Detoxification Mechanisms in Plants,” Turk. J. Bot., Vol.
25, pp.111-121, 2001.
)
