Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Control and Systems Eng. Dept., Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract
Directional sensors in wireless visual sensor networks attract growing attention as a promising tool for monitoring the real world; directional sensors consume energy for two main tasks: sensing and communication. Since a VSN contains a number of configurable visual sensors with changeable spherical sectors of restricted angle known as a field of view that is intended to monitor a number of targets located in a random manner over a given area. Therefore maximizing the network lifetime through minimizing power consumption while covering the targets remains a challenge. In this paper, the problem of obtaining a disjoint set cover includes a minimum number of camera sensors is solved. The problem is known to be NP-complete. The sustainable design is improving an existing Iterative Target Oriented Algorithm (ITOA) to cover moving targets move randomly over a given area of deployment starting from entry points reaching to exit ones in a realistic simulation. To evaluate the performance of the modified algorithm, a comparison is provided with three existing algorithms (Iterative centralized Greedy Algorithm (ICGA), Iterative Centralized Forced-directed Algorithm ICFA, and Iterative Target Oriented Algorithm ITOA). Simulation results revealed that the sustainable scheme can find a disjoint set with a minimum number of sensors covers the maximum number of moving targets in an energy-efficient way and extended network lifetime.
Keywords
[2] M. Cardei and B. Raton, “Energy -Efficient Target Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM 16(5):1976 - 1984 vol. 3 · April 2005 .
[3] J. Ai and A. A. Abouzeid, “Coverage by directional sensors in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks,” J. Comb. Optim., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 21–41, 2006.
[4] Yanli Cai, Wei Lou, Minglu Li, and Xiang-Yang Li, “Energy Efficient Target-Oriented Scheduling in Directional Sensor Networks,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 1259–1274, 2009.
[5] V. P. Munishwar and N. B. Abu-Ghazaleh, “Target-oriented coverage maximization in visual sensor networks,” p. 175, 2011.
[6] N. Ahn and S.Park, "A New Mathematical Frormulation and a Heuristic for the Maximum Disjoint Set Covers problem to Improve the Lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network", vol. 13, pp209-225, 2011.
[7] L. Ding, W. Wu, J. Willson, L. Wu, Z. Lu, and W. Lee, “Constant-approximation for target coverage problem in wireless sensor networks,” Proc. - IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1584–1592, 2012
[9] S. Farzana, K. A. Papry, A. Rahman, and R. Rab, “Maximally pair-wise disjoint set covers for directional sensors in visual sensor networks,” IFIP Wirel. Days, vol. 2016-April, no. iv, 2016.
[10] R. Sharma, “Traits of visual sensor networks,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA) IEEE Xplore Compliant Part Number: CFP18N67-ART; July, 2018.
[11] D. G. Costa and L. A. Guedes, “The coverage problem in video-based wireless sensor networks: A survey,” Sensors, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 8215–8247, 2010.
[12] H. Gupta, Z. Zhou, S. Member, S. R. Das, and Q. Gu, “Connected Sensor Cover : Self-Organization of Sensor Networks for Efficient Query Execution,” vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 55–67, 2006.
[13] V. P. Munishwar and N. B. Abu-Ghazaleh, “Coverage algorithms for visual sensor networks,” ACM Trans. Sens. Networks, vol. 9, no. 4, 2013.
[14] H. Zannat, T. Akter, M. Tasnim, and A. Rahman, “The coverage problem in visual sensor networks: A target oriented approach,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 75, pp. 1–15, 2016.
[15] M. F. Abdulhalim and A. Attea, “Multi-layer Genetic Algorithm for Maximum Disjoint Reliable Set Covers Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2004.
[16] R. Deepa, R. Venkataraman, M. Pushpalatha, and P. T. Ravichandran, “A review on cover set problem in wireless sensor networks,” J. Adv. Res. Dyn. Control Syst., vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 151–161, 2017.
[17] R. A. Hamamreh, “An Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for WSN based on MRHC,” Int. J. Digit. Inf. Wirel. Commun., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 214–222, 2018.
[18] S. Soro and W. B. Heinzelman, “On the coverage problem in video-based wireless sensor networks,” 2nd Int. Conf. Broadband Networks, BROADNETS 2005, vol. 2005, pp. 9–16, 2005.
[19] W. C. Feng, E. Kaiser, W. C. Feng, and M. Le Baillif, “Panoptes: Scalable Low-Power Video Sensor Networking Technologies,” ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 151–167, 2005.
)
