Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Materials Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad - Iraq
2 Materials Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq
Abstract
In the present study, the impact strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with eggshell powder (ESP) composites have been investigated. The PMMA used as a matrix material reinforced with ESP at two different states (including untreated eggshell powder (UTESP) and treated eggshell powder (TESP)). Both UTESP and TESP were mixed with PMMA at different weight fractions ranged from (1-5) wt.%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PMMA/ESP composites were enhanced steadily with increasing eggshell contents. The samples with 5 wt.% of UTESP and TESP additions give the maximum values of impact strength, about twice the value of the pure PMMA sample. The calcination process of eggshells powders gives better properties of the PMMA samples compared with the UTESP at the same weight fraction due to improvements in the interface bond between the matrix and particles. The wear characteristics of the PMMA composites decrease by about 57% with increases the weight fraction of TESP up to 5 wt.%. The flexural modulus values are slightly enhanced by increasing of the ESP contents in the PMMA composites.
Keywords
[2] I. Plesa, P.V. Notingher, S. Schlögl, C. Sumereder and M. Muhr, “Properties of polymer composites used in high-voltage applications,” MDPI, Polymers, Vol. 8, Issue 5, 173, pp. 1-63, 2016.
[3] P. Toro, R. Quijada, M.Y. Pedram and J.L. Arias, “Eggshell, a new bio-filler for polypropylene composites,” Materials Letters, Vol. 61, pp. 4347-4350, 2007.
[4] A. Arabhosseini and Hamideh Faridi, “Application of eggshell wastes as valuable and utilizable products: A review,” Res. Agr. Eng., Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 104-114, 2018.
[5] M. Müller and P. Valášek, “Composite adhesive bonds reinforced with microparticle filler based on egg shell waste,” IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1016, pp. 1-5, 2018.
[6] A.K. Pradhan and P.K. Sahoo, “Synthesis and study of thermal, mechanical and biodegradation properties of chitosan-g-PMMA with chicken egg shell (nano-CaO) as a novel bio-filler,” Materials Science and Engineering, C 80, pp. 149-155, 2017.
[7] W. Praikaew, W. Kiatkittipong, K. Kiatkittipong, N. Laosiripojana, N.V. empikul, S. Boonyasuwat, F. Aiouache, V. Najdanovic and S. Assabumrungrat, “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from dimethyl carbonate and glycerol using CaO derived from eggshells,” published by EDP Sciences, MATEC Web of Conferences 192, ICEAST 2018, pp. 1-4, 2018.
[8] A.B. Al-Zubaidi, A.A. Al-Tabbakh, H.A. Al-Qaessy and R.N. Al-Kaseey, “Mechanical, thermal and wear characteristics of polymer composite material reinforced with calcium carbonate powder,” Eng. & Tech. Journal, Vol. 32, Part (B), No. 3, pp. 519-532, 2014.
[9] S.M. Zebarjad, S.A. Sajjadi, T.E. Sdrabadi, A. Yaghmaei and B. Naderi, “A Study on mechanical properties of PMMA/ hydroxyapatite nanocomposite,” Sci. Res., Engineering, 2011, Vol. 3, pp. 795-801, 2011.
[10] S.I. Salih, J.K. Oleiwi and A. Mohammed, “Flexural and impact properties of pmma nano composites and pmma hybrids nano composites used in dental applications,” The Iraqi Journal for Mechanical and Material Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 20-39, 2017.
[11] B. Wen, Y. Dong, L. Wu, C. Long and C. Zhang, “Enhancement of impact strength of poly (methyl methacrylate) with surface fine-tuned nano-silica,” IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 87, pp. 1-5, 2015.
[12] T. Zaman, M.S. Mostari, M.A. Al-Mahmood and M. S. Rahman, “Evolution and characterization of eggshell as a potential candidate of raw material,” Cerâmica, Vol. 64, pp. 236-241, 2018.
[13] B.S., Arun K.V. and J.P. Davim, “Effect of filler materials on dry sliding wear behavior of polymer matrix composites; a Taguchi approach,” Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 379-391, 2009.
[15] A.O. Alhareb, H.M. Akil and Z.A. Ahmad, “Impact strength, fracture toughness and hardness improvement of PMMA denture base through addition of nitrile rubber/ceramic fillers,” The Saudi Journal for Dental Research, Vol. 8, pp. 26-34, 2017.
)
