Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

2 Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia

Abstract

The development in the manufacturing of micro-truss structures has demonstrated the effectiveness of brazing for assembling these sandwiches, which opens new opportunities for cost-effective and high-quality truss manufacturing. An evolving idea in micro-truss manufacturing is the possibility of forming these structures in different shapes with the aid of elevated temperature. This work investigates the formability and elongation of aluminum alloy sheets typically used for micro-truss manufacturing, namely AA5083 and AA3003. Tensile tests were performed at a temperature in the range of 25-500 ○C and strain rate in the range of 2x10-4 -10-2 s-1. The results showed that the clad layer in AA3003 exhibited an insignificant effect on the formability and elongation of AA3003. The formability of the two alloys was improved significantly with values of m as high as 0.4 and 0.13 for AA5083 and AA3003 at 500 °C. While the elongation of both AA5083 and AA3003 was improved at a higher temperature, the elongation of AA5083 was inversely related to strain rate. It was concluded that the higher the temperature is the better the formability and elongation of the two alloys but at the expense of work hardening. This suggests a trade-off situation between formability and strength.

Keywords

[1] H.N.G. Wadley, “Cellular metals manufacturing,” Advanced Engineering Materials, 4(10), PP.726-73, 2002.
[2] M.F. Ashby, A.G. Evans, N.A. Fleck, L.J. Gibson, J.W. Hutchinson, and H.N.G. Wadley, “Metal Foams: A Design Guide,” Butterworth-Heinemann, (Massachusetts, United States), 2000.
[3] D.T. Queheillalt, Y. Katsumura, and H.N.G. Wadley, “Synthesis of stochastic open cell N-Based foams,” Scripta Materialia, 50, PP.313-317, 2004.
[4] A.G. Evans, J.W. Hutchinson, N.A. Fleck, M.F. Ashby, and H.N.G. Wadley, “The topological design of multifunctional cellular metals,” Progress in Materials Science, 46, PP. 309-327, 2001.
[5] H.N.G. Wadley, N.A. Fleck, and A.G. Evans, “Fabrication and structural performance of periodic cellular metal sandwich structures,” Composites Science and Technology, 63, PP. 2331-2343, 2003.
[6] C.J. Yungwirth, D.D. Radford, M. Aronson, and H.N.G. Wadley, “Experiment assessment of the ballistic response of composite pyramidal lattice truss structures,” Composites: Part B, 39, PP. 556-569, 2008.
[7] E.H. Anderson and N.W. Hagood, “Simultaneous piezoelectric sensing actuation: analysis and application to controlled structures,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, 174 (5), pp. 617-639, 1994.
[8] R.G. Hutchinson, N. Wicks, A.G. Evans, N.A. Fleck, and J.W. Hutchinson, “Kagome plate structures for actuation,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40, PP. 6969-6980, 2003.
[9] E.F. Crawley, “Intelligent structures for aerospace: a technology overview and assessment’, AIAA Journal, 32 (8): pp. 1689-1699, 1994.
[10] V.S. Deshpande and N.A. Fleck, “One-dimensional response of sandwich plates to underwater shock loading,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 53, pp. 2347–2383, 2005.
[11] Y. Liang, A. V. Spuskanyuk, S. E. Flores, D. R. Hayhurst J. W. Hutchinson, R. M. McMeeking, and A. G. Evans, “The response of metallic sandwich panels to water blast,”Journal of Applied Mechanics, 74, pp. 81-99, 2007.
[12] K.P. Dharmasena, D.T. Queheillalt, H. N.G. Wadley, P. Dudt, Y. Chen, D. Knight, Z. Wei, and A.G. Evans, “Dynamic response of a multilayer prismatic structure to impulsive loads incident from water,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36, pp. 632-643, 2009.
[13] S. Gu, T.J. Lu, and A.G. Evans, “On the design of two-dimensional cellular metals for combined heat dissipation and structural load capacity,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 44, pp. 2163-2175, 2001.
[14] J. Tian, T. Kim, T.J. Lu, H.P. Hodson, D.T. Queheillalt, and H.N.G. Wadley, “The effects of topology upon fluid-flow and heat-transfer within cellular cooper structures,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47, pp. 3171-3186, 2004.
[15] T. Wen, J. Tian, T.J. Lu, D.T. Queheillalt, and H.N.G. Wadley, “Forced convection in metallic honeycomb structures,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 49, pp. 3313-3324, 2006.
[16] J. Tian, T.J. Lu, H.P. Hodson, D.T. Queheillalt, and H.N.G. Wadley, “Cross flow heat exchange to textile cellular metal core sandwich panels,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50, pp. 2521-2536, 2007.
[17] J.W. Hutchinson and Z. Xue, “Metal sandwich plates optimized for pressure impulses,” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 47, pp. 545–569, 2005.
[18] A.Y.N. Sofla, S.A. Meguid, K.T. Tan, and W.K. Yeo, “Shape morphing of aircraft wing: status and challenges,” Materials and Design, 31, pp. 1284–1292, 2010.
[19] L.J. Gibson and M.F. Ashby, “Cellular Solids Structure and Properties,”2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 1997.
[20] T.J. Lu, H.A. Stone, and M.F. Ashby, “Heat transfer in open cell metal foams,” Acta Materialia, 46 (10), pp. 3619-3635, 1998.
[21] C. Chen, T.J. Lu and N.A. Fleck, “Effect of imperfections on the yielding of two-dimensional foams,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 47 (11), pp. 2235-2272, 1999.
[22] N. Wicks and J.W. Hutchinson, “Optimal truss plates,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38, pp. 5165-5183, 2001.
[23] F. Côté, V.S. Deshpande, N.A. Fleck, and A.G. Evans, “The compressive and shear responses of corrugated and diamond lattice materials,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43, pp. 6220–6242, 2006.
[24] G.E. Dieter, “Mechanical Metallurgy,”3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1986.
[25] I. Sabirov I., M. R. Barnett, Y. Estrin, and P. D. Hodgson, “The effect of strain rate on the deformation mechanisms and the strain rate sensitivity of an ultrafine-grained Al alloy,” Scripta Materialia, 61, pp. 181-184, 2009.
[26] N. Abedrabbo, F. Pourboghrat, and J. Carsley, “Forming of aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures – Part 1: Material characterization,” International Journal of Plasticity, 22, pp. 314–341, 2006.
[27] S. Ahmadi, A.R. Eivani, and A. Akbarzadeh, “An experimental and theoretical study on the prediction of forming limit diagrams using new BBC yield criteria and M–K analysis,” Computational Materials Science, 44 (4), pp. 1272–1280, 2009.
[28] A. Benallal, T. Berstad, T. Børvik, O.S. Hopperstad, I. Koutiri, and R. Nogueira de Codes, “An experimental and numerical investigation of the behaviour of AA5083 aluminium alloy in presence of the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect,” International Journal of Plasticity, 24, pp. 1916–1945, 2008.
[29] F. Grytten, T. Børvik, O.S. Hopperstad, and M. Langseth, “Low velocity perforation of AA5083-H116 aluminium plates,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36, pp. 597–610, 2009.
[30] D.J. Lloyd, “The deformation of commercial aluminum-magnesium alloys,” Metallurgical Transactions A,11(8), pp. 1287-1294, 1980.
[31] Y. Luo, C. Miller, G. Luckey, P. Friedman, and Y. Peng, “On practical forming limits in superplastic forming of aluminum sheet,” ASM International, 16, pp. 274–283, 2007.
[32] K. Kannan, C. H. Johnoson, and C. H. Hamilton, “A study of superplasticity in a modified 5083 Al-Mg-Mn alloy,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 29 (4), pp. 1211-1220, 1998.
[33] J.S. Vetrano, C.A. Lavendar, M. T. Smith, and S. M. Bruemmer, “Advances in Hot Deformation Texture and Microstructure,” J.J. Jonas, T.R. Bieler, and K.J. Bowman, editors, TMS., Warrendale, Pennsylvania, pp. 223-234, 1994.
[34] H. Imamura and N. Ridley, “Super plasticity in Advanced Materials,” ICSAM ’91, S. Hori, M. Tokizane, and N. Furushiro, Editors, JSRS, Osaka, pp.453-458, 1994.