Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Khalid A. Abdulkareem ¹
• Suad Kadhim ²
• Shams B. Ali ³

¹ Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.

² University of technology/ department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering

³ Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

In this study, thin films of pure iron oxide (Fe3O4) were prepared using pulsed
laser deposition technique under vacuum (2×10-3 mbar) using Nd: YAG laser at
different laser energies (700, 800, 900, and 1000 mJ) on quartz slides at the
substrate temperature of 200 °C with different thickness (170,190, 220, and 250
nm). The prepared thin films were examined using different techniques. The Xray diffraction showed a polycrystalline structure of cubic Fe3O4 phase, enhanced
its crystallinity, and increased the crystalline size when increasing the laser energy
to 1000 mJ. The results revealed that high transparency samples decreased pulse
laser energy. As the laser pulse power increases, the transparency decreases from
91% to 61%, where optical properties deteriorate significantly. The bandgap
values were detected to be 3.9 eV, 3.75 eV, 3.21 eV, and 3 eV when the laser
energies were increased with thickness (170– 250) nm. In addition, the extinction
coefficient, dielectric constants, optical constants, and refractive constants were
studied

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

• The XRD results indicated that Fe3O4 had acubic spinel structure because of the strongest reflection from 311 planes.

• Increasing the pulse laser energy reduces the energy gap of films. 
• energy gap of films.

• When the pulses laser energy increases,the absorption and the film''s
  thickness increathe absorption and the film''sthickness increase

Keywords

• X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
• Fe3O4
• Iron oxide
• Magnetite
• Optical properties
• Pulsed laser deposition