Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Electrical Engineering Dept, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.

2 Electrical Engineering Dept, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract

In recent years, electronic transformers and electronic devices (nonlinear loads) have increased. These loads are the source of harmonics (non-sinusoidal and distorted waves) and the interactive force that affects the performance of the power system network. Also, it badly affects the power factor and electrical energy on the scales of efficiency and quality. For this reason, a system called “Active Power Filters” has been adopted. It provides an effective alternative to traditional LC passive power filters. It can improve network performance by treating and reducing harmonics, improving power factor and quality, avoiding resonance between the filter and the network, and reducing reactive power. This paper presents a study on the shunt active power filters device and how to connect it to the distribution network and A review of the bathing control strategies in the methods of calculating current and power, methods of controlling the PWM device, the most prominent techniques for improving the PID control system, and the most prominent algorithms applied in that to improve the safety performance of the  Shunt  Active Power Filter (SAPF) on the one hand and to demonstrate the ability of different systems to compensate for THD on the other hand. APF performance fluctuates from one control strategy to another. It reduced (THD) between 0.9% and 13% in several control techniques applied with PWM. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the techniques applied to control the performance of the "Shunt Active Power Filter" to reduce THD

Highlights

  • Study of SAPF technology for processing harmonics in the network
  • The THD is summarized for a literature review.
  • controller techniques: reference current generation, PWM Control, and DC voltage control
  • Using optimization algorithms for the PI control system to perform well in reducing THD
  • Some Highlights findings of literature review:

-         Pavitra Shukl 2020 [43]

-         Narendra Babu 2020 [47]

-         -Maciej Klimas 2021 [49]

-         Abhishek Srivastava 2018 [51]

          P. Suresh 2020 [52]

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] I. Ali, V. Sharma, and P. Chhawchharia, Control Techniques for Active Power Filter for Harmonic Elimination & Power Quality Improvement, Int. J. Electr. Electron. Data Commun., 4 (2016) 25–36.
[2] S. Agrawal, V. K. Gupta, D. K. Palwalia, and R. K. Somani, Performance analysis of shunt active power filter based on PIDA controller, Proc.-2nd Int. Conf. Micro-Electronics Telecommun. Eng. ICMETE (2018) 126–129. doi: 10.1109/ICMETE.2018.00038.
[3] S. Al-Gahtani and R. M. Nelms, A New Voltage Sensorless Control Method for a Shunt Active Power Filter for Unbalanced Conditions, Proc. - 2019 IEEE Int. Conf. Environ. Electr. Eng. 2019 IEEE Ind. Commer. Power Syst. Eur. EEEIC/I CPS Eur. (2019) doi: 10.1109/EEEIC.2019.8783570.
[4] B. Boukezata, A. Chaoui, J. P. Gaubert, and M. Hachemi, Implementation of predictive current control for Shunt Active Power Filter, 2017 6th Int. Conf. Syst. Control. ICSC (2017) 133–138. doi: 10.1109/ICoSC.2017.7958726.
[5]  G. D. Srivastava and R. D. Kulkarni, Design, simulation and analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter using instantaneous reactive power topology, 2017 Int. Conf. Nascent Technol. Eng. ICNTE 2017 - Proc., (2017), doi: 10.1109/ICNTE.2017.7947937.
[6] S. Gautam and M. Aeidapu, Sine Cosine Algorithm Based Shunt Active Power Filter for Harmonic Compensation, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Electron. Commun. Aerosp. Technol. ICECA (2019) 1051–1056., doi: 10.1109/ICECA.2019.8821800.
[7] Kelthoum HACHANI1, Djillali MAHI1, Abdellah KOUZOU2Performance Analysis of a shunt active power filter based on h-bridge multi-level converter.IEEE, (2018) 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD)
[8] R Kumar and Hari Om Bansal, Design and Control of Wind integrated Shunt Active Power Filter to Improve Power Quality, 978-1-5386-7339-3/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
[9] M. Mane and M. K. Namboothiripad, PWM based sliding mode controller for shunt active power filter, 2017 Int. Conf. Nascent Technol. Eng. ICNTE 2017 - Proc., (2017), doi: 10.1109/ICNTE.2017.7947964.
[10] V. Muneer, A. Bhattacharya and C. P. Gupta, Filter, IEEE Int. Conf. Power Electron. Drives Energy Syst, (2018) 1-6.
[11] S Parmar ,N Prajapati and A Panchbhai,Optimum Solution for Power Conditioning in DC Motor Drives Using Shunt Active Power Filter (2018) 978-1-5386-3695-4$31.00 c. IEEE
[12] S.M. Imrat Rahman, Md. Arif Abdulla Samy and Shuvra Saha, C-code Implementation of a Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Finite Set Model Predictive Control,  (2019) 978-1-5386-8014-8/19/$31.00 (c) IEEE
[13] S Samal, P K Hota and P K Barik Harmonics Mitigation by using Shunt Active Power Filter under Different Load Condition (2016) 978-1-5090-4620-1/16/$31.00 (c) IEEE
[14] S A Taher, M H Alaee, and Z D Arani, Model Predictive Control ofPV-Based Shunt Active Power Filter in Single Phase Low Voltage Grid Using Conservative Power Theory, 8th Power Electronics, Drive Systems & Technologies Conference (PEDSTC 2017) 14-16 Feb, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
[15] Balaga UdayaSri, P.A.Mohan Rao, D K Mohanta and M. Pradeep C Varma, Improvement of power quality using PQ-theory shunt-active power filter, International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016 978-1-5090-4620-1/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE
[16] H. Vanjani, U. K. Choudhury, M. Sharma, and B. Vanjani, Takagi-sugeno (TS)-type fuzzy logic controller for three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter for unbalanced load, 2016 IEEE 7th Power India Int. Conf. PIICON 2016, (2017), doi: 10.1109/POWERI.2016.8077227.
[17] B N Rao, Y Suresh, Anup K Panda, B Shiva Naik, and V Jammala, Development of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based Active Power Filter With Reduced Transformers, CPSS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, 5 (2020) JUNE .
[18] A Krama, Laid Zellouma, Amar Benaissa, B Rabhi, M Bouzidi, M F Benkhoris, Design and Experimental Investigation of Predictive Direct Power Control of Three-Phase Shunt Active Filter with Space Vector Modulation using Anti-windup PI Controller Optimized by PSO, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, received: (2018) / Accepted: 21 October 2018.
[19] I. Ullah and M. Ashraf, Sliding mode control for performance improvement of shunt active power filter, SN Appl. Sci., 1 (2019) 1–10, doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-0554-9.
[20] A. K. Mishra, S. R. Das, P. K. Ray, R. K. Mallick, A. Mohanty, and D. K. Mishra, PSO-GWO Optimized Fractional Order PID Based Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvements, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 74497–74512, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988611.
[21] H. Shen, F. Yang, A. Abu-Siada, and Z. Liu, A new control strategy for active power filter, Energies, 12 (2019), doi: 10.3390/en12214099.
[22] Ali Teta, Mohamed Mounir Rezaoui, Kouzou Abdellah Saddam Bensaoucha Comparative Study of Different Control Strategies for Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEEB 2018)December 2018Conference: Second International
[23] S. Kumaresan and H. HabeebullahSait, Design and control of shunt active power filter for power quality improvement of utility powered brushless DC motor drives, Automatika, 61 (2020) 507–521, doi: 10.1080/00051144.2020.1789402.
[24] S. Ouchen, M. Benbouzid, F. Blaabjerg, A. Betka, and H. Steinhart, Direct Power Control of Shunt Active Power Filter using Space Vector Modulation based on Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control, IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., 6777 (2020) 1–12, doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.3007900.
[25] M. Kashifet al., A Fast Time-Domain Current Harmonic Extraction Algorithm for Power Quality Improvement Using Three-Phase Active Power Filter, IEEE Access, 8 (2020) 103539–103549, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999088.
[26] A. P. Vishwakarma and K. M. Singh, Comparative Analysis of Adaptive PI Controller for Current Harmonic Mitigation, 2020 Int. Conf. Comput. Perform. Eval. ComPE (2020), 643–648, doi: 10.1109/ComPE49325.2020.9200057.
[27] J. Fei, N. Liu, S. Hou and Y. Fang, Neural Network Complementary Sliding Mode Current Control of Active Power Filter, in IEEE Access, 9 (2021) 25681-25690, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3056224.
[28] B. ROUABAH, H. TOUBAKH, and M. SAYED-MOUCHAWEH, Fault tolerant control of multicellular converter used in shunt active power filter, Electr. Power Syst. Res., 188 (2019) 106533, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106533.
[29] K Rameshkumar,  V Indragandhi, Real Time Implementation and Analysis of Enhanced Artifcial Bee Colony Algorithm Optimized PI Control algorithm for Single Phase Shunt Active Power Filter, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Received: 31 January / Revised: 27 March / Accepted: 24 April.
[30] P. Suresh and G. Vijayakumar, Shunt Active Power Filter with Solar Photovoltaic System for Long-Term Harmonic Mitigation, J. Circuits, Syst. Comput., 29 (2020) 1–23, doi: 10.1142/S0218126620500814.
[31] K. V. K, using Fuel cell based Shunt Active Power Filter, no. Icimia, (2020) 448–452.
[32] T. K. Rangineedi, L. A. Gregiore, S. K. Musunuri, and S. Cense, Real Time Implementation of Active Power Filter using T-Type Converter, 2020 IEEE Int. Conf. Power Electron. Smart Grid Renew. Energy, PESGRE (2020) 1–6, doi: 10.1109/PESGRE45664.2020.9070759.
[33] Y. Hoon, M. A. M. Radzi, M. A. A. M. Zainuri, and M. A. M. Zawawi, Shunt active power filter: A review on phase synchronization control techniques, Electron., 8 (2019) 1–20, doi: 10.3390/electronics8070791.
[34] E. Sundaram, M. Gunasekaran, R. Krishnan, S. Padmanaban, S. Chenniappan, and A. H. Ertas, Genetic algorithm based reference current control extraction based shunt active power filter, Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., 31 (2021) 1–22, doi: 10.1002/2050-7038.12623.
[35] F. Mulolani, Virtual-Flux based Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement, 2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, PowerAfrica (2020) 1–5, doi: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219949.
[36] A T. Belgore, Control Techniques for Shunt Active Power Filters, 9 (2020) 1054–1059.
[37] B. Abd El-Rahman, E. G. Shehata, A.-H. El-Sayed, and Y. S.Mohamad, Performance Analysis of Active Power Filter Controllers for Harmonics Mitigation in Power Systems, J. Adv. Eng. Trends, 39 (2020) 77–88, doi: 10.21608/jaet.2020.75203.
[38] V. Muneer and A. Bhattacharya, Eight-switch CHB-based three-level threephase shunt active power filter, IET Power Electron., 13 (2020) 3511–3521, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0235.
[39] Y. Bekakra, L. Zellouma, and O. Malik, Improved predictive direct power control of shunt active power filter using GWO and ALO – Simulation and experimental study, Ain Shams Eng. J., (2021), doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.04.028.
[40] R. Martinek, J. Rzidky, R. Jaros, P. Bilik, and M. Ladrova, Least mean squares and recursive least squares algorithms for total harmonic distortion reduction using shunt active power filter control, Energies, 12 (2019), doi: 10.3390/en12081545.
[41] R. Belyaevsky and A. Gerasimenko, Development of Mechanisms for Active-Adaptive Control of Reactive Power Based on Intelligent Electrical Networks, E3S Web Conf., 209 (2020), doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202020902004.
[42] P. Shukl and B. Singh, Recursive Digital Filter Based Control for Power Quality Improvement of Grid Tied Solar PV System, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 56 (2020) 3412–3421, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2020.2990369.
[43] Y. Fang and J. Fei, Adaptive Backstepping Current Control of Active Power Filter Using Neural Compensator,  Math. Probl. Eng., 2019 (2019), doi: 10.1155/2019/5130738.
[44] D. Buła, D. Grabowski, M. Lewandowski, M. Maciążek, and A. Piwowar, Software Solution for Modeling, Sizing, and Allocation of Active Power Filters in Distribution Networks, Energies, 14 (2020) 133, doi: 10.3390/en14010133.
[45] M. Popescu, A. Bitoleanu, C. V. Suru, M. Linca, and G. E. Subtirelu, Three-Wire Shunt Active Power Filters Systems, (2020).
[46] B. P. Narendra, R. B. Peesapati, and G. Panda, An Adaptive Current Control Technique in Grid-tied PV System with Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement, IEEE Reg. 10 Annu. Int. Conf. Proceedings/TENCON, 2019 (2019) 187–191, doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2019.8929487.
[47] A. Bielecka and D. Wojciechowski, Stability Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter with Predictive Closed-Loop Control of Supply Current, Copyright: (c) (2021) by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons.
[48] M. Klimas , D. Grabowski and D. Buła, Application of Decision Trees for Optimal Allocation of Harmonic Filters in Medium-Voltage Networks , Copyright: (c) (2021) by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
[49] A. Lakum and V Mahajan, A novel approach for optimal placement and sizing of active power filters in radial distribution system with nonlinear distributed generation using adaptive grey wolf optimizer, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Received 25 April 2020 Revised 8 October 2020 Accepted 14 January 2021 Available online 27 February 2021.
[50] A. Srivastava and D. K. Das, A Whale Optimization Algorithm Based Shunt Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement,” Int. J. Electr. Energy, 6 (2018) 7–12, doi: 10.18178/ijoee.6.1.7-12.
[51] P. Suresh and G. Vijayakumar, Shunt Active Power Filter with Solar Photovoltaic System for Long-Term Harmonic Mitigation, Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers 29 (2020) 2050081.
[52] Yap Hoon, M M Radzi, M A M Zainuri and M A M Zawawi, Shunt Active Power Filter: A Review on Phase Synchronization Control Techniques, Electronics (2019) 791.
[53] A. N. Muhsen, S M. Raafat, Optimized PID Control of Quadrotor System Using Extremum Seeking Algorithm, Engineering and Technology Journal, 39 (2021), 996-1010.
[54] Luay T. Rasheed, A Comparative Study of Various Intelligent Controllers’ Performance for Systems Based on Bat Optimization Algorithm, Engineering and Technology Journal, 38 (2020) 938-950.
[55] Q. M. Ali, M. M. Ezzaldean, Direct Current Deadbeat Predictive Controller for BLDC Motor Using Single DC-Link Current Sensor", Engineering and Technology Journal 38 (2020) 1187-1199.
[56] K. Rameshkumar, V. Indragandhi, Real Time Implementation and Analysis of Enhanced Artifcial Bee Colony Algorithm Optimized PI Control algorithm for  Shunt Active Power Filter. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-020-00437 (2020).