Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 civil engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate some hardened properties of green self-compacting concrete (GSCC) with 15% volumetric replacements of crushed clay brick waste as coarse aggregate and reinforced with scrap tires recycled steel fibers (STRSF) with 0, 0.25, 0.5and 0.75%volume fraction and 40 as an aspect ratio. Also, a combination of two STRSF aspect ratios of 40 and 60 was used in GSCC as hybrid fiber reinforcement (0.25 and 0.25%, 0.5 and 0.25%, 0.25 and 0.5% of aspect ratios 40 and 65, respectively). Scrap tires recycled steel fibers had been used to improve the properties of the green self-compacting concrete containing crushed clay brick waste aggregate. Dry density, water absorption, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) were among the properties of SCC that had been investigated. To achieve the purpose of this study, seven concrete mixes were prepared.SCC density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and UPV are all increased with the increase of recycled steel fibers content in self-compacted concrete. Including different volume fractions and aspect ratios of scrap tire recycled steel fibers increased the compressive strength between 2.54% to 23%. The splitting tensile strength was about 5.6% to 13.9%, and the flexural strength increased from 1.6% to 14.8%. All GSCC mixes reinforced with STRSF show good performance according to the classification limits of SCC with high compressive strength, so these mixes are applicable for different weather conditions and construction projects.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • Using recycled fibers as a substitute for commercial fibers was investigated.
  • The effect of fibers volume fraction and aspect ratio on the mechanical properties of SCC were studied.
  • The possibility of producing sustainable high Strength GSCC using recycled coarse aggregate and recycled fibers was investigated.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] K. Ozawa, K. Maekawa, and H. Okamura, Development of High-Performance Concrete, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo (B).,41  (1992) 381– 439.
[2] Z. J. Grdic, G. A. Toplicic-Curcic, I. M. Despotovic, and N. S. Ristic, Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Prepared With Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregate, Construction and Building Materials., 24 (2010) 1129–1133. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.029.
[3] M. F. Ahmed, W. I. Khalil, and Q. J. Frayyeh, Thermal Insulation Enhancement of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete Using Waste Clay Brick, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering., 842 (2020). doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/842/1/012009.
[4] R. Bhanbhro, I. Memon, A. Ansari, A. Shah, and B. A. Memon, Properties Evaluation of Concrete using Local Used Bricks as Coarse Aggregate, Engineering., 06 (2014) 211–216. doi: 10.4236/eng.2014.65025.
[5] K. H. Khayat and Y. Roussel, Testing and Performance of Fiber-Reinforced, Self-Consolidating Concrete, Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions., 33 (2000) 391–397. doi: 10.1007/bf02479648.
[6] ACI Committee 544, Guide to Design with Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (ACI 544.4R). 2018.
[7] I. Irki, F. Debieb, E. Kadri, O. Boukendakdji, M. Bentchikou, and H. Soualhi, Effect of the Length and the Volume Fraction of Wavy Steel Fibers on the Behavior of Self- Compacting Concrete, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 31 (2016) 735–748. doi: 10.1080/01694243.2016.1231394.
[8] A. P. Singh and A. Simalti, Mix Proportioning of Recycled Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete, 4th UKIERI Concrete Congress Concrete: The Global Builder, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 2019.
[9] A. M. Saba, A. H. Khan, M. N. Akhtar, N. A. Khan, S. S. Rahimian Koloor, and M. Petru, Strength and flexural behavior of steel fiber and silica fume incorporated self-compacting concrete, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 12 (2021) 1380–1390. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.03.066.
[10] B. Akcay and M. A. Tasdemir, Mechanical behaviour and fibre dispersion of hybrid steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials., 28 (2012) 287–293. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.044.
[11] Iraqi Standard Specification No.5, Portland Cement, 1984.
[12] Iraqi Standard Specification No.45, Aggregate From Natural Sources for Concrete and Construction, 1984.
[13] ASTM C494, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM International, 2015. doi: 10.1520/C0494.
[14] EFNARC, The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete, The European Guidelines for Self Compacting Concrete, SCC 028 (2005) 63, [Online]. Available: http://www.efnarc.org/pdf/SCCGuidelinesMay2005.pdf.
[15] A. S. of T. Materials, ASTM C642: Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete, ASTM International, United States, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2013. doi: 10.1520/C0642-13.5.
[16] BS 1881-116, BS1881-116:1983 Testing concrete-Part 116: Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes, British Standard Institution, 1983.
[17] ASTM, ASTM C496/C496M-17 Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2017.
[18] American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM), Astm C78/C78M - 02:, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)ASTM International. USA, 2002.
[19] ASTM, ASTM - C597 : Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials. 2016, Accessed: Feb. 11, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.astm.org/c0597-16.html.
[20] W. Khalil and T. Al-Daebal, Engineering Properties of Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete With Clay Bricks Waste Aggregate, Kufa Journal of Engineering., 9 (2018) 223–237. doi: 10.30572/2018/kje/090315.
[21] G. Velayutham and C. B. Cheah, =The effects of steel fibre on the mechanical strength and durability of steel fibre reinforced high strength concrete (SFRHSC) subjected to normal and hygrothermal curing, MATEC Web of Conferences, 10 (2014) 0–8. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20141002004.
[22] P. S. Song and S. Hwang, Mechanical properties of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 18 (2004) 669–673, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.027.
[23] W. Yao, J. Li, and K. Wu, Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete at low fiber volume fraction, Cement and Concrete Research., 33 (2003) 27–30. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00913-4.
[24] Q. Chunxiang and I. Patnaikuni, Properties of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams in bending, Cement and Concrete Composites., 21 (1999) 73–81. doi: 10.1016/S0958-9465(98)00040-7.
[25] M. A. Aiello, F. Leuzzi, G. Centonze, and A. Maffezzoli, Use of steel fibres recovered from waste tyres as reinforcement in concrete: Pull-out behaviour, compressive and flexural strength, Waste Management., 29 (2009)1960-1970. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.12.002.
[26] M. Mastali et al., A comparison of the effects of pozzolanic binders on the hardened-state properties of high-strength cementitious composites reinforced with waste tire fibers, Composites Part B: Engineering., 162 (2019)134-153. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.100.
[27] D. J. Kim, S. H. Park, G. S. Ryu, and K. T. Koh, “Comparative flexural behavior of Hybrid Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete with different macro fibers,” Construction and Building Materials., 25(2011) 4144-4155. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.051.
[28] Al - Samarrai, M.A., Rauf. Z.A., Nondestructive Testing, Express printing, Sharjah, (in Arabic)., 1999.
[29] D. F. Orchard, Concrete Technology, Third Edition, Applied Science Publications LTD, Ripple Road, Barking, ESSEX, England, 1978.
[30] Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), IS 13311-1: Method of Non-destructive testing of concrete, Part 1: Ultrasonic pulse velocity, Indian Standards, 1992.
[31] VM Malhotra, Testing hardened concrete: nondestructive methods, MONOGR, DA U.S.A,1976