Engineering and Technology Journal

Integrated Approach for Land Surface Temperature Assessment in Different Topography of Iraq

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Water and Huydrulic Structure -Civil Engineering -University of Technology

2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology

3 Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq

Abstract

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a critical parameter for water resources and hydrology investigation. Weather ground stations provide a continuous dataset on the LST. However, some stations rely on discrete events data, which shows limited capabilities to monitor diurnal and annual changes in LST. Remote Sensing technology provided much valid information by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to cover LST variations in Iraq. This study aims to analyze LST variation based on MOD11C3 Data with weather ground measurements stations for the different topography periods between 2000-2020. Different statistical parameters were used to validate LST results, including RSME; NSE; R2, and Parson Correlation. The results indicate agreement between MODIS and ground measurement stations during the winter season. The values ranged: RSME (close to zero); NSE (0 to 1); R 2(between 0.5 and 1), and Parson Correlation (between 0.51 to 1).In spring, the values ranged: R 2(between 0.5 and 1) and Parson Correlation (between 0.51 to 1). As the temperature rises during seasonal changes, the congruence in the four statistical indicators begins to decline dramatically. However, Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul stations still appear in good agreement, which is the validity of the data issued by MOD11C3. The finding presented in this research shows that the results of the LST by MOD11C3 are in good agreement and acceptable despite in various topographies of the ground stations.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • Analysis of Land Surface Temperature (LST) from ground weather stations in Iraq for various terrains.
  • Analysis of the maximum, minimum, and mean LST as long-term series from remote sensing output data (2000 to 2020).
  • Statistical Analysis (RMSE, NSE, R2, and Parson Correlation Coefficient) have been used to evaluate Tmin, Tmax, and Tmean between ground weather stations and MOD11C3 products.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
[1] Y.Jen Lai, C.Feng Li, P.Hsiung Lin, T.Hue Wey and C.sheng Chang, Comparison of MODIS land surface temperature and ground-based observed air temperature in complex topography, International Journal of Remote Sensing ,33 (2012) 7685–7702, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.700422 .
[2] D. Parsons ,D. Stern , D. Ndanguza  and M. Sylla, Evaluation of Satellite-Based Air Temperature Estimates at Eight Diverse Sites in Africa, Climate 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10070098 .
[3] IPCC. Meeting Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Expert Meeting on Mitigation, Sustainability and Climate Stabilization Scenarios [Shukla PR, Skea J, Diemen R, Huntley E, Pathak M, Portugal-Pereira J, Scull J, Slade R, eds.]. IPCC Working Group III Techniscal Support Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK,2017.
[4] P. Thanh Noi, Air Surface Temperature Estimation Using MODIS Land Surface Temperature Data in Northwest Vietnam,Ph.D Thesis in Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS), 2018.
[5] T.Phana, and M.Kappasa , Application of MODIS land surface temperature data: a systematic literature review and analysis, J. Appl. Remote Sens.,12 (2018), https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Applied-Remote-Sensing.
[6] F. Flores  And M.Lillo , Simple Air Temperature Estimation Method From Modis Satellite Images On A Regional Scale, Chil. J. Agric. Res. 70 (2010) 436-445.
[7] T. Phan , M. Kappas  and T. Tran, Land Surface Temperature Variation Due to Changes in Elevation in Northwest Vietnam, Climate, 2018, doi:10.3390/cli6020028 .
[8] G. Miliaresis and A. Tsatsaris, Mapping the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Day-Night Temperature Difference in Greece from MODIS Imagery, GIScience & Remote Sensing, University of Central Florida, Taylor & Francis, (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.48.2.210 .
[9] A .El Kenawy , M. Hereher , and S .Robaa , An Assessment of the Accuracy of MODIS Land Surface Temperature over Egypt Using Ground-Based Measurements, Remote Sensing . 11 (2019) 2369; doi:10.3390/rs11202369.
[10] A . Farahat , Comparative Analysis of MODIS, MISR and AERONET Climatology over the Middle East and North Africa, Journal Annales Geophysicae (EGU),(2022),  https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2018-79. 
[11] R. Castro-Díaz, Evaluation of MODIS Land products for air temperature estimations in Colombia, Scientific Information System Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal, Agronomía Colombiana 31 (2013) 223-233, http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180328569012. 
[12] H. Bahi  , H. Rhinane  And  A. Bensalmia, Contribution Of Modis Satellite Image To Estimate The Daily Air Temperature In The Casablanca City, Morocco, The International Archives Of The Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing And Spatial Information Sciences, Volume Xlii-2/W1, 2016 3rd International Geoadvances Workshop, 16–17( 2016), Istanbul, Turkey, Doi:10.5194/Isprs-Archives-Xlii-2-W1-3-2016.
[13] Z. Xing, Z. Li, S. Duan, X.Liu, X.Zheng, P.Leng, M.Gao, X. Zhang, G. Shang, Estimation of daily mean land surface temperature at global scale using pairs of daytime and nighttime MODIS instantaneous observations, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Elsevier, 178 (2021) 51-67, ff10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.05.017ff.
[14] B.Wilson , J.Porter, E.Kearns, J.Hoffman , E.Shu, Kelvin Lai , M. Bauer and M. Pope, High-Resolution Estimation of Monthly Air Temperature from Joint Modeling of In Situ Measurements and Gridded Temperature Data, Climate , 10 (2022) 47. https:// doi.org/10.3390/cli10030047
[15] B. Wei , Y.Bao , S. Yu , S.Yin, Y. Zhang, Analysis of land surface temperature variation based on MODIS data a case study of the agricultural pastural ecotone of northern China, International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, Elsevier,(2021),https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102342 .
[16] Z. WAN, Collection-6 MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products Users'''' Guide, , Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060, Semi-Annual Report Submitted to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(2013).
[17] Z. WAN, MODIS Land-Surface Temperature Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (LST ATBD, Version 3.3, Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California,(1999).
[18] Z.WAN , Land Surface Temperature Measurements from EOS MODIS Data , Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060, Semi-Annual Report Submitted to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,(1995).
[19] D. Shah, M.Pandya , H.Trivedi , and A. Jani, Estimation of minimum and maximum air temperature using MODIS data over Gujarat, Journal of Agrometeorology ,14 (2012) 111-118.
[20] S. Lin, N.Moorea, J. Messina b, M. DeVisser and  J. Wua, Evaluation of estimating daily maximum and minimum air temperature with MODIS data in east Africa, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., Elsevier, (2012)0303-2434 doi:10.1016/j.jag.2012.01.004.
[21] Z.Song , R. Li, R. Qiu , S. Liu , C. Tan, Q. Li, W.Ge,X. Han, X. Tang , W. Shi, L. Song , W. Yu, H. Yang and M. Ma, Global Land Surface Temperature Influenced by Vegetation Cover and PM2.5 from 2001 to 2016, Remote Sensing , 10 (2018) 2034; doi:10.3390/rs10122034.
[22] W.Li, L. Ni, H. Wu, Z. Li, S. Duan, Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms in Spatial Downscaling of MODIS Land Surface Temperature, ,IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, IEEE, 12 (2019) 2299-2307. ff10.1109/JSTARS.2019.2896923ff.
[23] Y.Yang , W. Cai and J. Yang, Evaluation of MODIS Land Surface Temperature Data to Estimate Near-Surface Air Temperature in Northeast China, Remote Sensing, 9 (2017) 410; doi:10.3390/rs9050410.
[24] A. Alqasemi , M. Hereher , A.  Al-Quraishi , H. Saibi , A. Aldahan and  A. Abuelgasim, Retrieval of monthly maximum and minimum air temperature using MODIS aqua land surface temperature data over the United Arab Emirates, Geocarto International, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2020.183726 .
[25] N. NourEldeen , K. Mao , Z. Yuan , X.Shen , T. Xu and Z.Qin, Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Change in Land Surface Temperature for a Long-Term Sequence in Africa (2003–2017), Remote Sensing ,12(2020) 488, doi:10.3390/rs12030488.
[26] N. Al-Ansari, Topography and Climate of Iraq, Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 11 (2021) 1-13, https://doi.org/10.47260/jesge/1121 .
[27] A.Reuter,  A.Nelson and  A.Jarvis ,An Evaluation of void filling 1080interpolation methods for SRTM data. Int. J. Geog. Inf. Sci. 2007, DOI: 10. /13658810601169899
[28] Ministry of Transportation ,Iraqi Metrological and Organization Seismology, 2020.
[29] https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/ .
[30] D. Chicco , M. Warrens and G. Jurman, The coefficient of determination R-squared is more informative than SMAPE, MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE in regression analysis evaluation, PeerJ Computer,(2021) Sci. 7:e623 DOI 10.7717/peerj-cs.623.
[31] R. Mccuen, Z. Knight  And A. Cutter, Evaluation Of The Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Index, J. Hydrol. Eng., (2006), doi: 10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2006)11:6(597).
[32] P.Schober, C.Boer. And L.Schwarte ,Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use And Interpretation, Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126 (2018) 1763-1768.
Engineering and Technology Journal
Volume 40, Issue 11
Civil Engineering
, 24 Articles
November 2022
Page 1465-1486
Files
Share
Export Citation
Statistics